O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a Orientação de Metas, a percepção do Contexto Motivacional e os níveis de Percepção de Competência Física bem como, as relações entre estes três construtos motivacionais, em crianças praticantes de esporte, com a finalidade de identificar as direções e associações desses construtos. A abordagem quantitativa, de cunho relacional, foi utilizada. A amostra, desta pesquisa, foi composta de 245 atletas, com idades entre 9 e 12 anos, sendo 168 atletas do sexo masculino e 77 do sexo feminino, todos esportistas de modalidade coletiva. Os instrumentos utilizados, para coleta das informações, foram o POSQ (Questionário de Percepção de Sucesso no Esporte), O PMCSQ-2 (Questionário de Percepção do Clima Motivacional no Esporte–2) e a Subescala de Percepção de Competência Física). Os resultados encontrados mostraram que os atletas, a percepção do Contexto Motivacional de prática esportiva orientada para a Maestria estava relacionado com percepções elevadas de Competência Física (rho = 0,203**; p = 0,001). Atletas que perceberam o Contexto Motivacional orientado para o Ego perceberam-se menos competentes (rho = - 0,017; p = 0,793). A relação entre o Contexto Motivacional orientado para Maestria e a Orientação de Metas para Maestria foi regular, positiva e significativa (rho = 0,352**; p = 0,000). A relação entre a Percepção do Contexto Motivacional orientado para o Ego e a Orientação de Meta para o Ego foi fraca, positiva e significativa (rho = 0,299**; p = 0,000). Os atletas da amostra, que evidenciaram uma moderada Orientação de Meta para a Maestria, evidenciaram, também, uma moderada Percepção do Contexto Motivacional orientado para Maestria, e moderados escores de Percepção de Competência Física. Os Atletas, que evidenciaram uma percepção do Contexto Motivacional orientado para o Ego, apresentaram menores escores de Percepção de Competência Física. Quanto as questões de gênero e idade não foi encontrada diferença, estatisticamente significativa, entre os gêneros, na Orientação de Meta para a Maestria (H= 0,014; p = 0,906). Quanto a idade não foi encontrado diferença significativa entre as idades na Orientação de Meta para o Ego (H=4,397; p=0,222) e na Orientação de Meta para Maestria (H=3,231; p= 0,357). Pode-se concluir que crianças atletas deste estudo apresentam níveis moderados de motivação para Maestria. Pôde-se verificar que, mesmo aqueles atletas que tiveram escores mais preponderantes na Orientação de Metas para o Ego, também obtiveram moderados escores de Percepção de Competência Física. O desenvolvimento de sentimentos e percepções positivos, na prática esportiva, poderá fazer com que atletas mantenham suas motivações para prática esportiva ao longo de sua vida. Por fim, este estudo indica que os professores e/ou técnicos podem manipular o Contexto Motivacional de prática esportiva, fazendo com que atletas adotem condutas motivacionais apropriadas, para ter-se um bom desenvolvimento esportivo e educacional adequado, de crianças e jovens praticantes de esporte. Palavras-chave: Percepção de Competência Física, Orientação de Metas / The objective of this research was to investigate the Goal Orientation, Context Motivacional's perception and the levels of Perception of Physical Competence and the relationships among these three constructs motivacionais, in athletes, with the purpose of identifying the directions and associations of those constructs in the Motivation for athletes' Conquest. The quantitative approach, of stamp relacional, it was used. The sample, of this research, was composed of 245 athletes, with ages between 9 and 12 years, being 168 athletes male and 77 female, all sportsmen of collective modalities. The used instruments, for collection of the information, they were POSQ (Questionnaire of Perception of Success in the Sport), PMCSQ-2 (Questionnaire of Perception of the Climate Motivacional in the Sport-2) and Subscale of Perception of Physical Competence). The found results showed that the athletes, that noticed the Context Motivacional of sporting practice guided for the Mastery, they obtained larger punctuation scores in the Perception of Physical Competence (rho = 0,203 * *; p = 0,001) than athletes that noticed the Context Motivacional guided for the Ego (rho = - 0,017; p = 0,793). Context Motivacional's perception guided for Mastery went to regulate, positive and significantly related with the Orientation of Goal for the Mastery (rho = 0,352 * *; p = 0,000). Context Motivacional's Perception guided for the Ego was weak, positive and significantly related with the Orientation of Goal for the Ego (rho = 0,299 * *; p = 0,000). The athletes of the sample, that obtained a moderate Orientation of Goal for the Mastery, obtained, also, a moderate Perception of the Context Motivacional guided for Mastery, and moderate scores of Perception of Physical Competence (M = 2,89; SD = 0,47). The Athletes, that presented a perception of the Context Motivacional guided for the Ego, they presented smaller scores of Perception of Physical Competence (rho = -0,017; p = 0,793). it was not found difference, significant statistical, among the goods, in the Orientation of Goal for the Mastery. (H = 0,014; p = 0,906). Conclusion. It can be concluded that the sample of this study is, in what he/she refers to the formation of goals for conquest in the sporting way, being worked satisfactorily, as it can be seen in the moderate scores found motivacional. The development of feelings and positive perceptions, in practice sporting, he/she can do with that athletes maintain their motivations for sporting practice along his/her life. It can be verified that, even those athletes that had more preponderant scores in the Orientation of Goals for the Ego, also obtained moderate scores of Perception of Physical Competence. Finally, this study indicates that the teachers and/or technicians can manipulate the Context Motivacional of sporting practice, doing with that athletes adopt conducts appropriate motivacional, to have a good sporting and education development, of children and young athletes.

Doctor of Philosophy / Psychological Sciences / Patrick A. Knight / This study was designed to examine the combined influence of feedback sign (i.e., positive or negative), feedback specificity, and goal orientation on individuals’ receptivity to performance feedback. Performance feedback is an often-prescribed solution to performance problems for both individuals and organizations, but evidence regarding its effectiveness as a mechanism for promoting positive outcomes has been mixed. It has been argued that one reason for the inconsistency in previous research findings may be a failure to adequately account for reactions to feedback (e.g., receptivity). Accordingly, this study focused on a series of variables with the potential to influence receptivity, in pursuit of a more comprehensive understanding of the feedback process. It was expected that individuals with certain achievement goal orientations would be more or less receptive to different characteristics of the feedback itself, and that the nature of the task being performed would further influence their willingness to accept feedback and implement task-relevant behavioral changes. Data were collected from 536 participants via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk marketplace. Participants completed the experiment in an online environment. Each participant was asked to complete a pair of error-detection tasks, focused on either mathematical computations or grammatical accuracy. Conditionally-assigned, fabricated feedback was provided after task performance on the initial trial. Surveys were used to assess goal orientation and feedback receptivity. Results indicated that greater feedback specificity was associated with greater receptivity to feedback. Analysis also revealed that feedback sign, feedback specificity, and goal orientation interact to influence receptivity, such that for performance-oriented individuals, specific positive feedback leads to the highest levels of receptivity and specific negative feedback prompts the lowest levels of receptivity. For mastery-oriented participants, however, specific feedback was associated with high levels of receptivity, regardless of whether that feedback was positive or negative. The results are discussed within the context of relative theoretical perspectives. Practical implications, promising avenues of future inquiry, and strengths and limitations of the research are discussed.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Psychological Sciences / Patrick Knight / Recruiters and recruitment materials can signal to job seekers certain aspects of the organization which may affect how attractive the organization appears as a potential employer (signaling theory; Rynes, Bretz, & Gerhart, 1991). Some signals received during recruitment can indicate that social-based inequalities and hierarchies may exist (social dominance theory; Sidanius & Pratto, 1999). It is possible that women might perceive themselves as part of a subordinate group in fields where they are underrepresented, such as the areas of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The current research examines participant gender and the effects of using traditionally feminine words, masculine words, or neutral words in recruitment material on participants’ ratings of STEM program attractiveness and perceptions of institutional belonging. Furthermore, one’s goal orientation can influence the type of goal one is attracted to and whether it will be adopted; the current research looks at the effects of one’s goal orientation and how that is related to the person’s efficacy regarding STEM recruitment materials (Elliott & Dweck, 1988). Additionally, a goal orientation intervention was conducted in an attempt to influence participants’ situational learning goal orientations and measured efficacy. While the gendered wording of the recruitment material did not influence participants’ ratings of attraction and perceived belongingness, women rated the STEM recruitment material as more attractive than men. Additionally, participants’ learning goal orientation was found to have a significant influence on their measured efficacy. The results of this research have implications for recruiting female applicants to STEM programs/careers and suggestions for organizational interventions and best practices in order to positively affect job outcomes.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a Orientação de Metas, a percepção do Contexto Motivacional e os níveis de Percepção de Competência Física bem como, as relações entre estes três construtos motivacionais, em crianças praticantes de esporte, com a finalidade de identificar as direções e associações desses construtos. A abordagem quantitativa, de cunho relacional, foi utilizada. A amostra, desta pesquisa, foi composta de 245 atletas, com idades entre 9 e 12 anos, sendo 168 atletas do sexo masculino e 77 do sexo feminino, todos esportistas de modalidade coletiva. Os instrumentos utilizados, para coleta das informações, foram o POSQ (Questionário de Percepção de Sucesso no Esporte), O PMCSQ-2 (Questionário de Percepção do Clima Motivacional no Esporte–2) e a Subescala de Percepção de Competência Física). Os resultados encontrados mostraram que os atletas, a percepção do Contexto Motivacional de prática esportiva orientada para a Maestria estava relacionado com percepções elevadas de Competência Física (rho = 0,203**; p = 0,001). Atletas que perceberam o Contexto Motivacional orientado para o Ego perceberam-se menos competentes (rho = - 0,017; p = 0,793). A relação entre o Contexto Motivacional orientado para Maestria e a Orientação de Metas para Maestria foi regular, positiva e significativa (rho = 0,352**; p = 0,000). A relação entre a Percepção do Contexto Motivacional orientado para o Ego e a Orientação de Meta para o Ego foi fraca, positiva e significativa (rho = 0,299**; p = 0,000). Os atletas da amostra, que evidenciaram uma moderada Orientação de Meta para a Maestria, evidenciaram, também, uma moderada Percepção do Contexto Motivacional orientado para Maestria, e moderados escores de Percepção de Competência Física. Os Atletas, que evidenciaram uma percepção do Contexto Motivacional orientado para o Ego, apresentaram menores escores de Percepção de Competência Física. Quanto as questões de gênero e idade não foi encontrada diferença, estatisticamente significativa, entre os gêneros, na Orientação de Meta para a Maestria (H= 0,014; p = 0,906). Quanto a idade não foi encontrado diferença significativa entre as idades na Orientação de Meta para o Ego (H=4,397; p=0,222) e na Orientação de Meta para Maestria (H=3,231; p= 0,357). Pode-se concluir que crianças atletas deste estudo apresentam níveis moderados de motivação para Maestria. Pôde-se verificar que, mesmo aqueles atletas que tiveram escores mais preponderantes na Orientação de Metas para o Ego, também obtiveram moderados escores de Percepção de Competência Física. O desenvolvimento de sentimentos e percepções positivos, na prática esportiva, poderá fazer com que atletas mantenham suas motivações para prática esportiva ao longo de sua vida. Por fim, este estudo indica que os professores e/ou técnicos podem manipular o Contexto Motivacional de prática esportiva, fazendo com que atletas adotem condutas motivacionais apropriadas, para ter-se um bom desenvolvimento esportivo e educacional adequado, de crianças e jovens praticantes de esporte. Palavras-chave: Percepção de Competência Física, Orientação de Metas / The objective of this research was to investigate the Goal Orientation, Context Motivacional's perception and the levels of Perception of Physical Competence and the relationships among these three constructs motivacionais, in athletes, with the purpose of identifying the directions and associations of those constructs in the Motivation for athletes' Conquest. The quantitative approach, of stamp relacional, it was used. The sample, of this research, was composed of 245 athletes, with ages between 9 and 12 years, being 168 athletes male and 77 female, all sportsmen of collective modalities. The used instruments, for collection of the information, they were POSQ (Questionnaire of Perception of Success in the Sport), PMCSQ-2 (Questionnaire of Perception of the Climate Motivacional in the Sport-2) and Subscale of Perception of Physical Competence). The found results showed that the athletes, that noticed the Context Motivacional of sporting practice guided for the Mastery, they obtained larger punctuation scores in the Perception of Physical Competence (rho = 0,203 * *; p = 0,001) than athletes that noticed the Context Motivacional guided for the Ego (rho = - 0,017; p = 0,793). Context Motivacional's perception guided for Mastery went to regulate, positive and significantly related with the Orientation of Goal for the Mastery (rho = 0,352 * *; p = 0,000). Context Motivacional's Perception guided for the Ego was weak, positive and significantly related with the Orientation of Goal for the Ego (rho = 0,299 * *; p = 0,000). The athletes of the sample, that obtained a moderate Orientation of Goal for the Mastery, obtained, also, a moderate Perception of the Context Motivacional guided for Mastery, and moderate scores of Perception of Physical Competence (M = 2,89; SD = 0,47). The Athletes, that presented a perception of the Context Motivacional guided for the Ego, they presented smaller scores of Perception of Physical Competence (rho = -0,017; p = 0,793). it was not found difference, significant statistical, among the goods, in the Orientation of Goal for the Mastery. (H = 0,014; p = 0,906). Conclusion. It can be concluded that the sample of this study is, in what he/she refers to the formation of goals for conquest in the sporting way, being worked satisfactorily, as it can be seen in the moderate scores found motivacional. The development of feelings and positive perceptions, in practice sporting, he/she can do with that athletes maintain their motivations for sporting practice along his/her life. It can be verified that, even those athletes that had more preponderant scores in the Orientation of Goals for the Ego, also obtained moderate scores of Perception of Physical Competence. Finally, this study indicates that the teachers and/or technicians can manipulate the Context Motivacional of sporting practice, doing with that athletes adopt conducts appropriate motivacional, to have a good sporting and education development, of children and young athletes.

The purpose of this study was to identify whether three achievement motivation variables (LGO, GNS, and AO) were positively related to work-family balance, and to investigate plausible interactions between these variables and work-family stressors on balance perceptions. Relationships of these variables to work-family conflict and facilitation outcomes were also analyzed in order to identify differential relationships. Data were collected from 428 individuals through a web-based survey. Results indicated that all three achievement motivation variables were clearly related favorably to work-family balance and facilitation, while only AO was negatively related to conflict. The relationships between schedule flexibility and all work-family outcomes were moderated by both LGO and GNS. The majority of proposed interactive effects between achievement motivation variables and work-family stressors on balance were not significant. However, several interactions were significant when conflict or facilitation served as the criterion measure. Overall, the results provide support for LGO, GNS, and AO as both direct and indirect contributors to work-family balance.

No description available.

Various prior research studies have investigated the positive and negative effects of an audience on task performance, yet very little research has been conducted specifically on dancers. The focus of this study will be on the interaction between Goal Orientation and Level of Expertise in relation to social facilitation and task performance in ballet dancers. Participants were assessed based on performance with and without an audience at varying levels of expertise. The theory of social facilitation was examined in relation to several subject variables mentioned in background research. The results of this study suggest a trend supporting the hypothesis that a person's reaction to an audience is at least partly dependent on both Goal Orientation and Level of Expertise as explained by drive theory. This study gives dancers valuable insight on personal performance.

La investigación, tuvo como objetivo determinar si existe relación entre las variables del Estado de Flow y Orientación a la Meta en deportistas extremos. El estudio empleó una metodología de tipo correlacional (Hernández, Fernández y Baptista, 2014), cuya población estuvo conformada por 198 participantes (124 hombres y 74 mujeres) con edades que fluctuaron entre 18 y 60 años. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron el “Flow State Scale (FSS)” de Jackson y Marsh (1966) validado por Shimokawa (2008) y para evaluar la Orientación a la Meta se empleó “Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ)” de Duda y Nicholls (1989), a partir de la traducción de Balaguer, Castillo y Tomás (1996) y adaptado al contexto peruano por Reyes-Bossio (2010). Los resultados demostraron que el estado de Flow se correlaciona significativamente con la variable Orientación a la Meta y al mismo tiempo con sus dimensiones Ego y Tarea. / The main aim of research is to determine the existing relationship between the variables, Flow State, and Goal Orientation in extreme athletes. The research is of correlational type (Hernández, Fernandez and Baptista, 2014), the population is made up of 198 participants (124 men and 74 women) with ages that fluctuated between 18 and 60 years. The instruments applied were the “Flow State Scale (FSS)” of Jackson and Marsh (1966) validated by Shimokawa (2008) and to evaluate Goal Orientation, the “Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ)” by Duda and Nicholls (1989) was used, based on the translation by Balaguer, Castillo and Tomas (1996) and adapted to the Peruvian context by Reyes-Bossio (2010). The results showed that the Flow state is significantly correlated with the Goal Orientation variable and at the same time with its Ego and Task dimensions. / Tesis

No description available.

Scenario based training (SBT) allows organizations to train the competencies necessary for effective performance in an environment that replicates critical aspects of the transfer or operational setting. One of the most salient training features that can be delivered during SBT is feedback. Task feedback may be provided to trainees either during a training scenario (immediately following actions) or between training scenarios (after action review). However, little is known regarding the effects of immediate versus delayed feedback given to teams. Prior research on training individuals suggests that immediate feedback improves performance as assessed immediately after training (acquisition performance), however delayed feedback improves performance after time has passed (retention performance). Moreover, several individual training studies have found that trainee goal orientation moderates the influence of instructional features such as goal difficulty and content organization. I hypothesized that team member goal orientation would also moderate the influence of feedback timing on team performance. Three facets of goal orientation were assessed. Learning goal orientation refers to the extent to which individuals strive towards the mastery of skills for the sake of continuous improvement. Prove goal orientation refers to the extent to which individuals strive to demonstrate their own competence to others. Finally, avoid goal orientation refers to the extent to which individuals seek to avoid demonstrating their incompetence to others. Participants were 160 undergraduate psychology students assigned to 80 two-person teams. These teams were trained and tested using a simulated military task called the Forward Observer Personal Computer-based Simulator. Teams received 36 minutes of training prior to performing a skill acquisition test on day one of the experiment. One week later teams returned to perform a skill retention test. Teams were randomly assigned to receive immediate feedback during their team training scenarios or delayed feedback following each training scenario. Results indicated that the timing of feedback had no impact on acquisition performance. As predicted, however, teams that had received delayed feedback outperformed those that had received immediate feedback on the retention test. Moreover, the positive impact of delayed feedback on retention performance was greatest for teams that scored higher on a measure of state learning goal orientation on the day of their training. This interaction was mediated by the team's perception of the instrumentality of the feedback provided to them. Theoretical and practical implications, as well as, limitations and directions for future research are discussed.