Syftet med studien var att genom gruppintervjuer med barn studera, analysera och beskriva barnens erfarenheter och uppfattningar kring val av lek och kamrater i den fria leken på fritidshemmet.Vi har utgått från en intervjuguide och genomfört sex fokusgrupps-inspirerade intervjuer med barn i åldern 7-8 år, vi har intervjuat sju pojkar och tolv flickor på två olika fritidshem. När man intar ett genusperspektiv som vi har gjort i vår studie så handlar det om att vi genom analysen av barnens erfarenheter och uppfattningar vill öka förståelsen för hur barn skapar genus och kön i sin lek. Skolverket (2011) beskriver att skolan har ett ansvar för att motverka traditionella könsmönster så att alla barn ska kunna utveckla och prova sina intressen och sin egen förmåga oberoende av könstillhörighet. Samtidigt så anser pedagoger att ett genusmedvetet förhållningssätt är svårt och utmanande samt att pedagoger många gånger förstärker stereotypa könsnormer. I denna studie har vi analyserat barnens erfarenheter och uttryck ur ett genusperspektiv. Något som blir synligt i barnens erfarenheter och uppfattningar av lek kan jämföras med ett spindelnät där flera olika aspekter sitter ihop och spelar en avgörande roll, så kan också barns genusskapande förstås, där uteslutningar, inneslutningar, normer, relationer och intressen skapar en helhetsförståelse av barnens liv på fritidshemmet.Resultatet visar att olika genusmönster existerar i barnens lek och relationer, genom barnens erfarenheter och uppfattningar kan man tyda att barnen ibland utmanar och omskapar genusnormer genom leken men att de ändå i mångt och mycket följer givna och invanda könsnormer och genom dessa också bidrar till att bevara traditionella könsmönster. / <p>Godkännande datum:2018-06-10</p>

The purpose of this thesis is to reach a deeper understanding of how boundary spanners are bridging boundaries between uniformed bureaucratic organisations and their environment, characterised by demanding conditions. The main part of this thesis is based upon empirical data gathered through 71 interviews with Swedish civil and military informants from several uniformed organisations. Four articles have been included in this thesis in order to address the overarching aim. The results show that boundary spanners are crucial to the adaption of uniformed organisations to demanding conditions. A number of aspects that are included in the process of organisational adaption have been identified. One of the tasks is to balance between structuring and improvisation where much is at stake. The other task is to create confidence among the involved actors and contribute in different ways to create a sense of symmetry between partners. Finally, the third task for boundary spanners is to recognise improvised roles such as spontaneous links in order to maintain stressful conditions and bridge a gap in the bureaucratic organisation.  The present thesis contributes to sociological theory of emotions, disaster management and military studies through a common denominator, namely the demanding context. Taken together, the findings increase awareness of how organisations act towards their environments and how individuals, especially boundary spanners, adapt the organisation to its environment. For leaders and managers, it is important to make decisions, provide mandates and authorisation, as well as invest confidence in boundary spanners. The hierarchical chain may remain in existence, but it can be made shorter and more transparent through this kind of knowledge. / BAKSIDESTEXT: Organisational adaption to the environment is a complex area of research, necessitating enquiry into how such adaption may take place. The purpose of this thesis is to reach a deeper understanding of how boundary spanners are bridging boundaries between uniformed bureaucratic organisations and their environment, characterised by demanding conditions such as disasters and war. The main body of the thesis is based upon interviews with Swedish civil and military informants. The results show that boundary spanners are crucial to the adaption of uniformed organisations to demanding conditions. Their tasks involve balancing between structuring and improvisation, creating confidence among the involved actors and recognising improvised roles such as spontaneous links in order to maintain stressful conditions and bridge a gap in the bureaucratic organisation.  Taken together, the findings increase awareness of how organisations act towards their environments and how individuals, especially boundary spanners, adapt the organisation to its environment. For leaders and managers, it is important to make decisions, provide mandates and authorisation, as well as invest confidence in boundary spanners. The hierarchical chain may remain in existence, but it can be made shorter and more transparent through this kind of knowledge. The present thesis contributes to sociological theory of emotions, disaster management and military studies through a common denominator, namely the demanding context.