Soybean growers in the mid-southern U.S. face many challenges imposed by adverse weather conditions that vary spatially and temporally. As a result, growers experience variations in soybean seed quality, grain quality, and yield. While not every harvest season experiences extremes in environmental conditions, those that do may result in major quality issues that could lead to significant financial losses. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate quality as it relates to delayed harvest conditions for soybean following common management practices such as fungicide application to mitigate spread of pathogens or harvest aid application to facilitate more efficient harvest. Experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 to determine the impact that these soybean management practices have on soybean quality under delayed harvest conditions. Results indicate that soybean quality, regardless of planting date, was not impacted by fungicide or harvest aid treatment, but rather by harvest delay.

Master of Science / Department of Agronomy / Jianming Yu / Tannin, a second metabolic product in sorghum, has been directly related to resistance to insects and birds. Tannin also impacts sorghum nutritional value. Previous studies have shown tannin content has a positive correlation with early season cold tolerance, an important agronomic trait. Sorghum contains condensed tannins in testa layer below the pericarp. The testa layer tannin is controlled by two complementary genes B1 and B2: tannins are present when both genes are dominant but absent when only one or none of these two is dominant. The purpose of this research is to identify and map QTLs associated with the presence of condensed tannins, analyze interaction of QTLs, and provide a potential path to dissect the more complex trait of early season cold tolerance in future studies. A population of 109 F6:7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from the cross of a high tannin sorghum Shan Qui Red (SQR) and non-tannin line Tx430 was used in the mapping study. Two QTLs related to condense tannin presence in testa layer were mapped to chromosome 2 and 4, respectively. Strong epistatic interaction of these two QTLs was detected. The two QTLs together with their interaction explained 74% of the phenotypic variation. Sorghum grain quality traits, including kernel size, kernel hardness, protein and starch content, are complex traits which are directly related to sorghum nutritional value and market value. Association mapping is a promising method for complex quantitative traits analysis and dissection in plant science. Sorghum grain quality trait association analysis research is purposed to analyze large amount of grain quality data based on a diversity panel. A sorghum bicolor panel of 300 lines including germplasm derived from sorghum conversion program and elite commercial lines were established and served as diversity population for the association study. Phenotypic data of grain quality traits were collected by single kernel characterization system (SKCS) and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Data analysis proved high diversity within the SB panel. A correlation between tannin presence and kernel hardness was also observed. Quality traits showed high consistence across years and environments.

This Master thesis deals with the yield management evaluation and malting quality of chosen varieties of the spring malting barley in terms of half-working experiment in company "Kantor Václav - Agricultural businessman". There was chosen a stand of experiment and the values of yield management were observed, especially the number of plants, their offshoots and spikes per square unit, the quantity of grains in spikes, the weight of a thousand seeds and the yield. In case of the grain quality elements was rated a content of nitrogen substances, the drop above the sieve 2,8, 2,5, 2,2 mm and under the sieve 2,2 mm, then the content of amyloid, germination and its energy as well as the grain moisture. Among the rated varieties were placed: Malz, Sebastian, Laudis 550, Kangoo, Xanadu, Sunshine, Bojos, KWS Irina and Pionier. The results were filed in the tables and charts. The influence of variety on a different yield element was found out in the final comparison of all parameters. According to the aspect of the yield elements as well as the quality, the best values in this year taking experiment were reached by the Kangoo variety.

The aim of this study was to identify QTLs associated with the maintenance of grain quality following post-anthesis heat stress. A population of 64 F6Halberd X Cutter recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was exposed to either heat stress or control conditions in the greenhouse, starting ten days after anthesis. Grain quality was determined using the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sedimentation test, a significant predictor of bread baking quality. The percent change in SDS sedimentation test scores between the heat and control populations was used to identify QTLs associated with quality stability. Four QTLs were identified, located one each on chromosomes 1B, 1D, 4A, and 7A. Three of the QTLs, those on 1B, 1D, and 4A, were associated with variations in SDS sedimentation level. The QTL on chromosome 7A was associated with the percent change in SDS sedimentation scores between heat-stressed and control conditions. This indicated a relationship between the identified QTL and quality stability. To confirm the detected QTLs, eighty advanced lines grown at three Texas nurseries were genotyped and tested for relationships between QTL-associated markers, quality traits, and stability of the quality traits. Quality trait stability was estimated using the coefficient of variability (CV%) of quality traits between growing sites. Quality characters analyzed in the advanced lines included kernel hardness, mixograph peak time, kernel weight, flour yield, SDS sedimentation, and grain yield. The analysis showed support for the effect of the QTLs on chromosomes 1B, 1D, and 4A. Further analysis will be needed to confirm the QTL on 7A, in particular. The mapping of additional markers will be necessary. However, the potential importance of this QTL and the abundance of other QTLs detected in this region make it worth investigating.

2005 - 2006 metais Lietuvos Žemės ūkio universiteto Bandymų stotyje, karbonatingame sekliai glėjiškame išplautžemyje (Calc(ar)i-Epihypogleyic Luvisols) IDg8-k (LVg-p-w-cc) atlikti tyrimai, siekiant įvertinti žieminių kviečių Titicum aestivum L. derlingumą ir kokybinių rodiklių pokyčius, naudojant skirtingas skystųjų kompleksinių trąšų KAS 32 ir Lyderis 25 - 3 S koncentracijas atskirais javų brendimo tarpsniais. Tyrimams pasirinkta žieminių kviečių veislė Lars, kuri priskiriama gerų kepimo savybių grupei. Nustatyta, kad papildomam žieminių kviečių tręšimui naudojant skystąsias kompleksines trąšas, patikimas derliaus priedas (1,64 – 2,14 t ha-1) gautas visuose variantuose, kuriuose tr��������šta N130 norma per augalų vegetaciją ir variante papildomai tręštame krūmijimosi tarpsnyje (N80) bei bambėjimo tarpsnyje (N20) norma. Žieminių kviečių papildomas tręšimas skystosiomis kompleksinėmis trąšomis gerino grūdų kokybę. Didžiausias kiekis šlapiojo glitimo ir baltymų nustatyta variantuose, kurie papildomai tręšti vėlyvaisiais augimo tarpsniais didesne N norma. / The productivity and quality traits of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under the influence of different liquidity fertilizers ‘KAS 32’ and ‘Lyderis 25-3S’ on special cereal ripeness were investigated at the Experimental Station of Lithuanian University of Agriculture in 2005-2006. The winter wheat variety ‘Lars’, which ascribable to well cooking group, were grown in the soil on trial fields – carbonate shallow gracious (Calc(ar)i-Epihypogleyic Luvisols) IDg8-k (LVg-p-w-cc). Our results showed, that using liquid manure for additional fertilization influenced significant yield additive (1.64-2.14 t ha-1) in all experiments, using N130 rate of fertilizers on plant growing season and additionally fertilized on tillering (N80) and stooling (N20) stages. Additional fertilization of winter wheat using liquid fertilizers improved grain quality. The greatest amount of wet gluten and protein were estimated in the experiments, using nitrogen at a premium rate for additional fartilization on late growth stages.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of plant densities, nitrogen levels and foliar diseases control on grain yield and seed quality of irrigated rice. An experiment was conducted in Santa Maria RS Brazil, during 2003/2004 growing season aiming to evaluate the effects, plant populations, nitrogen levels and fungicide application on grain yield (Chapter I) and seed quality (Chapter II) of irrigated rice. Were evaluated grain yield and seed quality under three plant densities (150, 265 and 380 plants m-2), five nitrogen levels (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1) with and without fungicide application. There was no triple interaction among the parameters evaluated. Higher plant populations resulted in fewer tillers per plant and seeds per panicle increasing interspecific competition and grain yield was not significantly affect as result os yield components compesation. Nitrogen increased seed yield up to 97 kg ha-1 wich was not affected by plant population and an hanced the nutritional quality as result of increased protein content. Diseases control had a positive effect on grain yield and quality as well as of the rice seeds by reducing its incidence and increased germination percentage. / Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da população de plantas, doses de nitrogênio e controle de doenças sobre a produção e qualidade de grãos e sementes de arroz irrigado foi conduzido um experimento em campo na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, no ano agrícola 2003/2004. Avaliou-se a produtividade (Capítulo I) e a qualidade de grãos e sementes (Capítulo II) em função de três populações de plantas (150, 265, 380 plantas m-2), cinco doses de nitrogênio (0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 kg ha-1 de N) e o controle ou não de doenças da parte aérea. Para todas as avaliações realizadas não se verificou interação tríplice. O incremento da população de plantas diminui o número de colmos por planta e o número de grãos por panícula aumentando a competição interespecífica. A produtividade não é influenciada pela população de plantas de 150 a 380 plantas m-2, pois os componentes da produção se compensam. A aplicação de nitrogênio contribui incrementando a produção até 97 kg ha-1 de N, não sofrendo influência da população de plantas, bem como melhorando a qualidade nutricional do produto, pois se verifica um aumento no teor de proteína com o aumento da dose de N. O controle de doenças influencia positivamente a produção e qualidade de grãos e sementes de arroz através da redução da incidência e elevação do poder germinativo de sementes de arroz.

Thesis topic: Assessment of wheat yield and quality. Three conventional varieties (Midas, Genius and Papageno) and one hybrid variety (Hyland) were subject to the test. The test was carried out in operational conditions of an agricultural plant in 2014. The assessed Midas and Genius varieties are classified as elite varieties in terms of baking quality and the Papageno variety and the hybrid Hyland variety are classified as unsuitable for dough production. The test was aimed at the assessment of the main yield elements, i.e. the number of spikes per m2, the number of grains per spike and the weight of a thousand grains. Another assessment parameter was the quality of grains of the assessed varieties.

A canola é a terceira oleaginosa mais importante no agronegócio mundial. Utilizada em vários segmentos do mercado, o seu cultivo no Brasil teve inicio na década de 70. O crescimento do cultivo de canola visando à produção de grãos destinados à extração de óleo pode proporcionar elevação do rendimento econômico das propriedades rurais, sendo a escolha da época correta para a semeadura é essencial para que esse propósito seja alcançado. Objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho dos híbridos de canola (Hyola 61, Hyola 76, Hyola 411, Hyola 433 e Hyola 571) avaliados em seis épocas de semeadura iniciadas no dia 09/03 (época 1), 06/04 (época 2), 04/05 (época 3), 01/06 (época 4), 29/06 (época 5) e 26/07 (época 6). Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Estação Experimental da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná – UTFPR, Câmpus Dois Vizinhos. O experimento foi disposto no campo em blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas em três repetições, em dois anos subsequentes (safra 2013 e 2014). Avaliaram-se as características agronômicas como o número de dias entre a emergência e floração, número de dias de duração da floração, número de dias entre a emergência e a maturidade fisiológica, estatura média das plantas, acamamento de plantas, rendimento de grãos, peso de mil grãos, teor de proteína bruta nos grãos e extrato etéreo nos grãos. Verificaram-se diferenças significativas entre os efeitos das seis épocas de semeadura em todas as variáveis analisadas, entre híbridos e anos. O trabalho foi capaz de mostrar que é possível cultivar canola no Sudoeste do Paraná. Sendo as primeiras épocas de semeadura mais responsivas e os híbridos Hyola 411 e Hyola 433 mostraram-se o mais adaptados dentre as variáveis observadas. / Canola is the third most important oilseed in global agribusiness. Used in several market segments, its cultivation in Brazil began in the 70s The growth of canola cultivation aimed at producing beans intended for oil extraction can provide high economic efficiency of farms, the choice of the time correct for sowing is essential for this purpose is achieved. Objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of canola hybrids (Hyola 61, Hyola 76, Hyola 411, 433 and Hyola Hyola 571) evaluated in six sowing dates started on 09/03 (1 time) 06/04 (2 times ), 04/05 (3 times), 01/06 (4 times), 29/06 (5 times) and 26/07 (6 times). The experiments were conducted at the Experimental Station of the Federal Technological University of Paraná - UTFPR, Campus Dois Vizinhos. The field experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with split plots in three replications in two years (2013 and 2014 crop). Evaluated the agronomic characteristics as the number of days between emergence and flowering, number of days duration of flowering, number of days between emergency and physiological maturity, average plant height, plant lodging, grain yield, weight a thousand grains, crude protein content in grain and ether extract in the grains. There were significant differences between the effects of the six sowing dates in all variables, including hybrids and years. The study was able to show that it is possible to grow canola in the Southwest of Paraná. Being the first times more responsive sowing and Hyola 411 and Hyola 433 hybrid proved the most suitable among the variables observed.

Resumo: A associação de diversas formas de controle da ferrugem asiática é essencial para a cultura da soja. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes populações de soja (400.000, 340.000, 280.000, 220.000 e 160.000 plantas/ha) e intervalos de aplicação do fungicida azoxystrobin + ciproconazole - Priori Xtra (10 e 20 dias) nas cultivares V-Max e MG/BR 46 (Conquista), na incidência da ferrugem asiática, características agronômicas, produtividade, qualidade de grãos e qualidade fisiológica das sementes, durante a safra de 2006-07. A maior população de plantas na cultivar V-Max obteve a maior incidência da doença e produtividade, no entanto esta cultivar, por ser precoce, não foi afetada nos estádios de formação dos grãos. Já na cultivar MG/BR 46 (Conquista), as diferentes populações não influenciaram na incidência da doença, no entanto, acarretou em aumento da produtividade e, de maneira geral, o intervalo de aplicação de 10 dias obteve menor incidência da doença somente nesta cultivar. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi influenciada pela redução da população de soja tanto para a cultivar V-Max quanto para a cultivar MG/BR 46 (Conquista). O tamanho das sementes foi influenciado pela população de plantas somente para a cultivar V-Max. A qualidade dos grãos foi influenciada pela população na cultivar V-Max. A ferrugem asiática teve influência na porcentagem de grãos imaturos da cultivar MG/BR 46 (Conquista). / Abstract: The association of various forms of control of soybean rust is essential for the soybean crop. The objective was to evaluate the influence of different populations of soybean (400,000, 340,000, 280,000, 220,000 and 160,000 plants/ha) and intervals of application of the fungicide azoxystrobin + cyproconazole - Priori Xtra (10 and 20 days) in the cultivars V-Max and MG/BR 46 (Conquista), the impact of soybean rust, agronomic characteristics, yield, grain quality and physiological quality of seeds during the 2006-07 season. The largest population of plants in cultivar V-Max got the highest incidence of disease and yield, however, this cultivar, being early, wasn't affected in the stages of formation of grains. Already in the cultivar MG/BR 46 (Conquista), the different populations didn't influence the incidence of the disease, however, resulted in increased productivity and, in general, the range of application for 10 days received lower incidence of disease only in this cultivar. The physiological quality of seeds was influenced by the reduction of the population of both the soybean cultivar V-Max as for cultivar MG/BR 46 (Conquista). The seed size was influenced only by the population of plants for a cultivar V-Max. The quality of grain is influenced by the growing population in the V-Max. The soybean rust had influence on the percentage of immature grains of the cultivar MG/BR 46 (Conquista). / Orientador: Maria Aparecida Pessoa da Cruz Centurion / Coorientador: Gisele Herbst Vazquez / Banca: Roberval Daiton Vieira / Banca: Ivana Marino Bárbaro / Mestre

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-05-14T13:56:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Leciane Karita de Oliveira - 2009.pdf: 1349505 bytes, checksum: a58f21b0ca785ff9609cecb95a16791d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-05-14T13:59:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Leciane Karita de Oliveira - 2009.pdf: 1349505 bytes, checksum: a58f21b0ca785ff9609cecb95a16791d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:59:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Leciane Karita de Oliveira - 2009.pdf: 1349505 bytes, checksum: a58f21b0ca785ff9609cecb95a16791d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-22 / The synthesis of starch involves the interaction a complex cascade of genes. Alterations in these genes can change the final composition of starch and alter the quality of the rice grain after cooking. The quality of grain is influenced by the physico-chemical properties of starch. Through the associative mapping is possible to identify genes related to a quantitative trait and, therefore, using molecular markers of this gene as tools for assisted selection in breeding programs using access genebanks.This work had as objective identify and validate the association between amylose content (TA) and gelatinization temperature (TG) with molecular markers microsatellites and SNP of genes involved in starch metabolic route.Were used 242 accessions of rice core collection of Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, separated according to cropping system upland and lowland.The accessions were also classified for TA, based on the analysis conducted in 2004 and 2005, and TG analysis in 2007. The genetic analyzes were conducted using 36 molecular markers, 7 are those described in the literature, three microsatellite (SSR), 1 Sequence Tagged Sites (STS), 2 cleaved amplified polymorphic Sequence (CAPS) and the set of pairs of F7-F22-R1-R21 primers. The other markers were developed for this work in the Biotechnology laboratory of the Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, 6 markers are based on SSR and 26 SNP.For SSR markers were identified 70 alleles, with an average of 8.75 alleles per locus. The genetic diversity (He) was higher for access to lowland (0.72) compared to accesses with upland, that had a mean of 0.55. Found SNP/Indel 10 markers when the mini core collection was sequenced. The nucleotide diversity was low, with an average of 0.0054. CA-2 marker gene which expresses the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, showed the greatest number of polymorphisms, with 9 SNP/Indel. Based on the genetic similarity dendrogram constructed with data from the SSR loci,was found genetic difference in the cropping system and the TA. Nine markers were significantly associated (p <0.05) with one of the characteristics. These six markers were associated with TA. The marker W2R, the waxy gene, was the one that best explained the variation of TA (82%). Eight markers were associated with TG. The F7-F22-R1-R21 together best explained the variation (66%).The factorial correspondence analysis has shown that the set of SSR loci literature together coms developed for this work are efficient in allocating access between TA classes. This work allowed the identification of not random associations between loci and starch characteristics of economic interest. Validating markers described in the literature and new markers, opening new prospects for the use of these markers in the early selection for TA and TG in rice. / A síntese do amido envolve vários genes que interagem em cascata. Mutações nestes genes interferem na composição final de amido e consequentemente na composição e qualidade do grão de arroz,pelo fato da composição físico-química do amido ter grande influência nas propriedades do grão. Por meio do mapeamento associativo é possível identificargenes relacionados às características quantitativas e, com isso,utilizar marcadores moleculares destes genes como ferramenta para seleção assistida em programas de melhoramento, que utilizam como base bancos de germoplasma. Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo identificar e validar a associaçăo entre o teor de amilose (TA) e temperatura de gelatinização (TG) com marcadores moleculares microssatélites e SNP de genes envolvidos na rota metabólica do amido. No desenvolvimento do trabalho foram utilizados 242 acessos da coleçăo nuclear de arroz da Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, que estão classificados de acordo com sistema de cultivo sequeiro e irrigado. Os acessos também foram classificados quanto ao TA, de acordo com análise realizada em 2004 e 2005, e à TG,avaliada neste trabalho. Foi construída uma mini coleção com 24 acessos contrastando quanto ao sistema de cultivo e ao TA. Como resultado, foi observado que a maior parte dos 242 acessos possuem TG intermediária, entre 69ºC e 73ºC. Para a análise genética foram utilizados36 marcadores moleculares, destes7estão descritos na literatura, sendo três microssatélite (SSR), 1Sequence Tagged Sites (STS),2Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (CAPS) e o conjunto de pares de primers F7-F22-R1-R21.Os outros marcadores foram desenvolvidospara este trabalho no laboratório de biotecnologia da Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, sendoque 6 marcadores sãobaseados em SSR e 26 em SNP. Para o conjunto de marcadores SSR foram identificados 70 alelos, com média de 8,75 alelos por loco.A diversidade genética (He)foi maior para os acessos com sistema de cultivo irrigado (0,72) quando comparado aos acessos com sistema de cultivo sequeiro que tiveram média igual a 0,55. Foram encontrados SNP/Indel em 10 marcadores quando a minicoleção nuclear foi sequenciada.A diversidade nucleotídica foi baixa, com valor médio de 0,0054. O marcador CA-2, do gene que expressa a enzima Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, apresentou o maior número de polimorfismos, com total de 9 SNP/Indel.Com base no dendrograma de similaridade genética, construído com os dados dos locos SSR, foi posssível diferenciar os acessos quanto ao sistema de cultivo e ao TA.Nove marcadores apresentaram associaçăo significativa (p <0,05) comuma das característicasavaliadas, sendo que seismarcadores foram associados com oTA. O marcador W2R, do gene waxy, foi o que mais explicou a variação de TA (82%). Para TG foiencontrada associação com 8 marcadores, sendo que o conjuntoF7-F22-R1-R21 explicou melhor a variação (66%). A análise fatorial de correspondęncia demostrou que o conjunto de locos SSRda literatura em conjunto coms desenvolvidos para este trabalho são eficientes em discriminar os acessos entre as classes deTA. Este trabalho possibilitou a identificaçãode associaçőes năo aleatórias entre locosecaracterísticas do amido de interesse econômico.Validando marcadores descritos na literatura e marcadores nunca testados,abrindo novas perspectivas quanto ao uso desses marcadores na seleçăo precoce para TA e TGem arroz.