CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / O presente trabalho consiste numa anÃlise do sistema de outorga de direito de uso dos recursos hÃdricos, atualmente desenvolvido no Estado do CearÃ. Esta anÃlise foi realizada a partir de dados relativos à outorga, disponibilizados pelos ÃrgÃos gestores (SRH e COGERH). Na revisÃo da literatura, o conceito de outorga foi analisado nos contextos jurÃdico e tÃcnico e foram abordadas as legislaÃÃes pertinentes ao tema, nos Ãmbitos estadual e federal. Avaliam-se, atravÃs do fluxograma da SRH, as etapas do processo de solicitaÃÃo e obtenÃÃo de outorga, os aspectos legais relacionados ao tema e o papel da outorga como instrumento de gestÃo de recursos hÃdricos previstos na PNRH. Foram apresentados, atravÃs de grÃficos, os dados de quantidade e vazÃo das outorgas concedidas no perÃodo de outubro de 1996 a outubro de 2010, em cada bacia hidrogrÃfica do CearÃ. Foi evidenciada a importÃncia da outorga de direito de uso da Ãgua como instrumento de controle de qualidade e quantidade desse recurso. Finalmente, foram apresentadas algumas recomendaÃÃes que possam acarretar em maior eficiÃncia na aplicaÃÃo da outorga e na garantia do atendimento Ãs reais necessidades da populaÃÃo. / This study is an analysis of the system for granting rights of usage of water resources, currently developed in the State of CearÃ. This analysis was based on data relating to the grant, provided by the managing agencies (SRH and COGERH). In reviewing the literature, the concept of grant was analysed in the legal and technical contexts and have discussed the laws pertaining to the topic at the state and federal scope. The steps in the process of requesting and obtaining the grant, the legal aspects related to the theme and the role of grants as a tool for management of water resources contained in PNRH are evaluated by the flowchart of SRH. Information on quantity and flow of the grants awarded from October 1996 to October 2010, in each watershed of Cearà were presented by using graphics. It was evidenced the importance of granting the right to use water as a tool quality control of that resource. Finally, some recommendations were presented for a possible greater efficiency in implementing the grant and in ensuring the attendance to the real needs of the population.

Topic of the diploma thesis is the position of nonprofit and contributory organizations in czech formal and informal education. The theoretical part describes the position of nonprofit organizations in formal and informal education. Attention is paid to definition of the terms non-profit and contributory organization, the concepts of formal and informal education and the laws regulating the action of non-profit and contributory organizations in the field of education in the Czech Republic. In the practical part, the qualitative survey is realized, focused on the position of nonprofit and contributory organizations in the field of formal and informal education from the perspective of their directors. The research based of semi- structured interviews with directors of the nonprofit organizations finds what positive an negative effects influences activities of the stated organizations in formal and informal education and how is the cooperation with state authorities. Among the most important findings is, that the nonprofit sector is fully established in both formal and informal education in the Czech Republic, the availibility of grants is good, although the administrative burden is very high. Another important finding is, that the directors are mostly satisfied with the state of nonprofit sector in...

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The objective is to present overall situation in the environmental area and the development of the key indicators in recent years in the Czech Republic in relation to funding systems based on the long term environmental strategy of EU. Altough the thesis is essentialy focused on EU funds, the mention of European Economic Area Grants and Norway Grants is considered important because of increasing use of these funding opportunities. The objective of the chapitres is to present the key funding opportunities from different funding sources and to show some already finished projects.

Research grant proposals are a very important genre in many academic disciplines, and a window into which we are able to observe academic engagements and interactions. However, there has been little textual analysis of the genre and research on how successful scholars approach the writing task. Drawing on the social constructionist genre scholarship, this study collected and analyzed nine successful SSHRC (Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada) research grant proposals from nine professors in the field of education at a Canadian university. The proposals were examined in terms of three important textual features: generic structure, referential behavior, hedges and boosters. Semi-structured discourse-based interviews with the nine professors as insider informants were also conducted. The main findings of the study include the following: (1) A three-move scheme was developed in this study as reflecting the generic structure of research grant proposal summaries. In analyzing the main text of research grant proposals, I first recognized the ICMC pattern (Introduction-Context-Methodology-Communication of Results) as the overall structure; ten moves as the constitutive functional components were then identified under this pattern. (2) Non-integral (where the name of the cited author does not appear in the actual citing sentence), non-reporting (where no reporting verb such as show, establish, suggest is employed to introduce the cited work), and generalization (where the proposition is attributed to two or more sources) forms of citations were found to be predominantly used in the research grant proposals. Self-citation was also used with a high frequency in this genre. 3) The use of boosters was found to exceed the use of hedges, and the distribution of hedges and boosters were found uneven across the rhetorical sections. Interviews with the nine professors further reveal how communicative purposes, institutional practice, and reader-writer relationship co-constructed the format as well as the stylistic features of grant writing. The study provides genre analysts as well as novice grant writers some useful insights into the research grant proposal writing. / Education, Faculty of / Language and Literacy Education (LLED), Department of / Graduate

This thesis deals with the efficient usage of public resources. It defines the meaning of the efficiency and also describes methods by which efficiency can be evaluated. It also deals with a quality rating in culture and the issue of financing of culture, especially theaters. An important part of this thesis is also dedicated to the cultural policy of the Czech Republic and description of the grant system of the City of Prague. The last part of the thesis is a case study, from which the most important part is to analyze the efficiency of cultural grant -- as an example is taken The Semafor Theatre. The analysis is performed using an alternative approach to assessing effectiveness, within which are examined by effects arising from the expenditure of visitors of the theater and also the impacts on the theater and its suppliers. Evaluation of tax deductions leads to conclusion, what is the return of a grant to public budgets.

LLM in Human Rights Law / The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa shows a clear and unambiguous undertaking by the state to develop a comprehensive social security system. In terms of Section 27 of the Constitution, it is provided that everyone has the right to have access to social security, including, if they are unable to support themselves and their dependants, appropriate social assistance. The section also obliges the state to take reasonable legislative and other measures, within its available resources, to achieve the progressive realisation of each of these rights. Parts of the social assistance are, inter alia, child related social grants in terms of the Social Assistance Act. This research considers the question of statutory exclusion of children of asylum seekers from accessing and exercising their social security rights, in particular, social assistance grants relevant to the needs, assistance and protection of children. Such grants are already provided for by the law to the South African citizen, permanent resident and refugee children. The question which this study seeks to address is whether South African government is in compliance with its constitutional and international obligations in respect of the social security rights and social assistance for children of asylum seekers in South Africa. This would be carried out by reviewing and exploring relevant International, regional and national human rights instruments relevant and applicable to the social security rights and assistance to the children of asylum seekers.

Les Jeunes Entreprises Technologiques (JET) ont des besoins financiers importants aux premiers stades tandis que la plupart des marchés des capitaux entrepreneuriaux restent moins développés en Europe qu’aux Etats-Unis. Cette situation conduit les pouvoirs publics à créer des dispositifs financiers, dont des subsides, pour soutenir ces JET. Selon la Public Sponsorship Theory, ces subsides devraient soulager le contrainte de financement qui pèse sur les JET et ainsi leur permettre de poursuivre leur développement jusqu’à attirer des investisseurs ou vivre de leurs ventes. Pour autant, l’évaluation empirique de ces subsides a produit des résultats critiques. Cette thèse étudie ces critiques à Bruxelles, un environnement européen interventionniste typique, en répondant à la question « Pourquoi les Jeunes Entreprises Technologiques font elles appel aux subsid¬¬es et comment ceux-ci affectent-ils leur développement?».Cette thèse est constituée d’articles de recherche réalisés à l’aide de stratégies qualitatives supportées par des études de cas. Le Chapitre 2 présente les études de cas de 10 JET et répond aux questions :« Comment les JET se financent-elles aux premiers stades ?» et « Quel est le rôle des aides publiques dans ces stratégies de financement ?». Il décrit un écosystème bruxellois où les JET parviennent à se financer mais où les subsides sont particulièrement présents à tous les stades. Le Chapitre 3 étudie la construction et la succession des tours de table au sein de 8 JET sur une période de trois ans après leur création. En particulier, il répond aux questions :« Les subsides répondent-ils à des contraintes de financement liées à un manque d’offre de fonds ?», « Pourquoi les JET font-elles appel aux subsides ?» et « Les subsides signalent-ils les JET aux investisseurs ?». Il souligne que l’opportunisme et la volonté d’éviter la dilution sont des motifs fréquents pour demander des subsides. Il met aussi en lumière que ces derniers sont fréquemment alloués selon une stratégie de type « picking the winners » où les meilleurs JET, aussi les plus indépendantes, reçoivent le plus d’aides publiques. Finalement, le Chapitre 4 adopte une perspective centrée sur les ressources et étudie le rôle des subsides au sein de configurations de ressources humaines, sociales et financières. Nous avons utilisé la Qualitative Comparative Analysis, en progression dans la recherche sur l’entrepreneuriat, sur un échantillon de 31 JET ICT afin de répondre aux questions suivantes :« Quelles sont les configurations de ressources qui conduisent à la croissance des ventes des JET ?», « Quelles sont les configurations de ressources qui permettent aux JET d’attirer des investisseurs ?» et « Comment les subsides contribuent-ils à ces configurations ?». Au terme de cette analyse, nous présentons une taxonomie de cinq types de JET basée sur leur mix de ressources à la création. Ces types soulignent le rôle central du capital humain dans la croissance des ventes et l’attraction d’investisseurs, et ce, tandis que les subsides jouent un rôle secondaire.Ces résultats offrent une réponse à notre question de recherche. En ce qui concerne les raisons d’utiliser les subsides, l’absence d’alternative due à des contraintes de financements est rare, et ce, tandis que la majorité des demandes sont guidées par l’opportunisme et/ou la volonté d’éviter ou limiter la dilution. En ce qui concerne l’impact de ces subsides, leur rôle apparaît secondaire dans le développement commercial et financier des JET.Finalement, ces conclusions permettent de formuler des recommandations à destination des praticiens. Aux décideurs politiques, nous conseillons de revoir les modalités d’attribution des subsides pour les limiter aux équipes dotées d’un capital humain fort. De plus, nous suggérons d’encourager les initiatives destinées à renforcer la complémentarité des équipes entrepreneuriales et les aider à s’insérer dans des réseaux d’affaires. Aux entrepreneurs, nous recommandons de prêter une attention particulière à la complémentarité de leurs équipes, et ce, tant sur les plans techniques que commerciaux. / New Technology-Based Firms (NTBF) have high financial needs at early stage while most European entrepreneurial equity markets remain less developed than in the United States. This threatens their development and the expected loss of regional spillovers pushes policy makers to create financial schemes such as grants to support them. According to Public Sponsorship Theory, grants should offer NTBF a relief from funding constraints and enable them to continue their development until they get support of investors or their sales allow self-financing. However, empirical evaluation of the relevance and impact of grants has been mostly critical. This PhD investigates these criticisms in Brussels, a typical western European interventionist region, by answering the question “Why do New Technology-Based Firms use grants and how do they affect their development?”.Our PhD is made of three empirical research papers carried out following qualitative research strategies resting on multiple case studies. Chapter 2 presents case studies of 10 NTBF to answer the questions: “How do NTBF finance themselves at early stages?” and “What is the role of public aids in these financing strategies?”. It describes a Brussels ecosystem in which NTBF manage to finance themselves but where grants are particularly present at every stage. Chapter 3 studies the design and succession of financing rounds within 8 NTBF over three years after incorporation. In particular, we answer the questions: “Are grants to NTBF answering to supply-sided financing constraints?”, “Why do NTBF apply for grants?” and “Are grants signalling NTBF to investors?”. It highlights that opportunism and the avoidance of dilution are common motives for grants applications and that these are regularly allocated following a “picking the winners’ strategy. Finally, Chapter 4 adopts a resource-based perspective by studying the role of grants within resource configurations of human, social and financial capital. Based on a sample of 31 ICT NTBF, we used Qualitative Comparative Analysis, an approach still in its infancy in entrepreneurship research, to answer the following questions: “What are the resource configurations that lead to the sales growth of NTBF?”, “What are the resource configurations that lead NTBF attract equity?” and “How do grants contribute to these configurations?”. At the end of the analysis, we present a five type’s taxonomy of NTBF based on their resource mixes at incorporation. These types underscore the central role of human capital in achieving sales growth and attracting equity as well as the secondary role of grants.Results of Chapter 2, 3 and 4 allow answering our main research question. Regarding the reasons for using grants, the absence of alternative due to supply-sided constraints is rare while the overwhelming majority of requests are guided by opportunism and/or the desire to avoid or limit dilution. Regarding the impact of grants, their role appears secondary in both the commercial and financial development of NTBF.Finally, these findings lead to recommendations to practitioners. To policy makers, we advise rethinking the modalities of grants and limit their availability to teams with strong human capital. Additionally, we suggest to spur initiatives to help entrepreneurial teams strengthening their complementarity and inserting themselves within business networks. To entrepreneurs, we recommend to pay particular attention to the complementarity of their founding team on both the technical and commercial axes. / Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Magister Commercii - MCom / In the past two decades of liberal transformation the post-apartheid Republic of South Africa has been well described as an upper middle-income economy. Despite the country’s strong political and economic affiliations with other developed countries, the nation remains till present faced with socioeconomic impediments deeply rooted within the presence of ceaseless impoverishment, unemployment and inequality. Likewise, there are various factors that explain the nature of deprivation. The application of both the money-metric and non-moneymetric approaches in the conceptualization and measurement of poverty provides an in-depth understanding of efforts (or lack thereof) to establish an equal standard of living for all.