Thesis (M. Div.)--Baptist Bible Graduate School of Theology, 2001. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-57).

Thesis (M. Div.)--Baptist Bible Graduate School of Theology, 2001. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-57).

Thesis (M. Div.)--Baptist Bible Graduate School of Theology, 2001. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-57).

abstract: "Bringing-before-the-eyes": Visuality and Audience in Greek Rhetoric examines how Greek rhetorical theories are understood through the lens of visuality and the ways in which orators accounted for audience knowledges and expectations in the creation of rhetorical texts and performances. Through a close reading of Greek rhetorical texts from the classical period, I develop three heuristics for analyzing the ways in which rhetoricians invite and encourage visualized images through rhetorical practice. By exploring (1) language cues that orators use to signal visualization, (2) the ways in which shared cultural memories and ideas allow orators to call upon standardized images, and (3) the influence of stylistic choices and audience emotions related to the vividness of rhetorical images, I argue that it is possible to analyze the ways in which classical Greek orators understood and employed visual elements in their rhetorical performances. I then conduct an analysis of the visual aspects of Demosthenes' On the Embassy using these heuristics to demonstrate the ways in which these three aspects of visuality are intertwined and contribute to a greater understanding of the relationship between the verbal and the visual in rhetorical theory. My findings indicate that Greek orators readily identified the influence of visual ways of knowing on rhetorical theory and presented early hypotheses of the ways in which sense perceptions affect social practice. This project complicates the ways in which rhetorical theory is categorized. Rather than considering visual rhetoric as a distinct field from traditional, verbal text-based rhetorical studies, this project explores the ways in which visual and verbal modes of thinking are interconnected in Greek rhetorical theory. By bridging these two areas of rhetorical study and arguing that verbal rhetoric can instantiate internalized, visual phenomena for audiences, the dichotomy of verbal and visual is problematized. By focusing on the rhetorical theory of classical Greece, this project also invites future research into the ways in which dominant, Western historic and contemporary systems of epistemology are influenced by the co-mingling of verbal and visual in classical Greek philosophy and education. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation English 2016

The thesis tests the hypothesis that certain aspects of linguistic variation in Attic prose are related to the type of oral performance, private or public, which the author envisaged for his text. This hypothesis rests on the assumption that authors more or less consciously optimized their texts for their intended communicative situation. A crucial feature of texts optimized for public delivery was clarity, which figures as an essential component of the 'virtue of speech' in the Greek rhetorical thought. In private situations the audience itself could alter the pace of reading or recitation. Clarifications could be sought, and pauses and repetitions would be possible. The case was different with public situations, where the text itself coincided with its performance and it was entirely up to the speaker to determine the way in which the audience would access it. Especially in political and judicial contexts, where important decisions were to be made, public speakers could not afford being unclear. In order to test whether public texts were clearer than private texts, 'clarity' must be defined in a linguistically thorough way. Modern psycholinguistics studies human language comprehension, and experimental research has revealed language-independent mechanisms which can be confidently applied to dead languages. In the thesis, clarity is measured by the number of syntactic, semantic, and referential reanalyses which linguistics structures induce in a given amount of text. This methodology is tested on a corpus of Attic speeches, which includes both texts that were devised exclusively for written circulation and private delivery, and texts that were at least conceived for public delivery, although we do not know to what extent they correspond to the versions which were actually delivered. The difference between the average score of 'public texts' and that of 'private texts' is statistically significant and supports the hypothesis that 'public texts' were generally clearer than 'private texts' for audiences of native speakers.

This thesis aims to contribute to the study of the role of the civic past in the public discourse of fourth-century Athens. It does so by close examination of the surviving public speeches of Demosthenes and Aeschines, arguing that presentation of the city’s history in front of mass audiences held singular persuasive potential for public speakers, allowing them to furnish with a more meaningful ethical context both the discussion of issues addressed in the Assembly and the arguments advanced in public trials. Deploying the past convincingly in such settings redounded to speakers’ personal credibility and authority, and Demosthenes and Aeschines – who offer rare examples of paired opposing speeches from the same trials – are selected as ‘case-study’ orators in order to illustrate: i) the importance of the invoking of Athenian historical models, both distant and recent, to Demosthenes’ self-fashioning as a politician; and ii) the extent to which orators made the very question of how to cite the past in public a stake in their wider struggle for political pre-eminence, seeking to be recognized as the ‘true’ and authoritative mediator of this material. These interests are reflected in the organization of the thesis. After an Introduction which discusses key preliminaries, Chapter One argues for Demosthenes’ early recognition of the potential of historical illustration for wider self-presentation, honed over the course of his Assembly career (Chapter Two) to become essential to his self-casting as Athens’s leading statesman. Chapter Three compares Demosthenic and Aeschinean approaches to citing the past in court, in two prosecutions from the mid-340s, and Chapters Four and Five – focusing on the high-profile Embassy and Crown trials – move to argue the importance of each politician’s contestation of the other’s versions of history to their battle over the reputations arising from their careers to date. The Conclusion summarizes, and reflects on some methodological aspects with a view to further work.

Os sermões de Dominga de Quaresma do Padre Antônio Vieira interessam segundo as suas práticas contemporâneas de produção e recepção. Historicamente, foram preparados para circular de forma escrita e publicados dispersos pelos tomos da editio princeps do Sermões, entre 1679 e 1699. Editados, destinaram-se a um leitor em momento distante da pregação, que se constrói, porém, circunstancialmente na página. Para discutir esses sermões de Quaresma, são importantes as noções de ductus e eschematisménos lógos. A primeira é lida em Fortunaciano e Marciano Capela, sistematizada por Heinrich Lausberg e tratada por leitores de Vieira. A segunda procura iluminar as lições desses retores dito menores e embasar as leituras dos sermões a partir de passagens de outros textos, de outras doutrinas, de retores latinos e gregos, como Quintiliano, Demétrio, Hermógenes e, no século XV, Jorge de Trebizonda. / Sunday of Lent sermons by Father Antônio Vieira are of interest in conformity to their contemporary practices of production and reception. Historically, they had been composed to circulate in written form and to be published dispersed in the volumes of the editio princeps of the Sermões between 1679 and 1699. Nevertheless, from the moment they were printed they were direct to a reader who was, in a way, distant from the preaching, which is framed, even though circimstantially, in the pages. So as to discuss these Lent sermons, notions of ductus and eschematisménos lógos are fundamental. The former is read in Fortunatianus and Marcianus Capella, systematized by Heinrich Lausberg and debated by Vieiras readers. The latter aims to cast light on the lessons of these so-called rhetores latini minoris and also to give foundation to the readings of the sermons from excerpts of other texts, other doctrines, and Greek and Latin rhetoricians, as Quintilian, Demetrius, Hermogenes and, in the fifteenth century, George of Trebizond.

Essa dissertação tem como objetivos a tradução ao português brasileiro e o estudo de duas declamações, quais sejam O jovem herói (Decl. 5) e O velho sovina (Decl. 6), creditados a Corício de Gaza, um professor de retórica cuja produção se situou na primeira metade do séc. VI d.C. Primeiramente, apresentam-se as traduções. Em seguida, o estudo, que é dividido em dois blocos: o primeiro capítulo busca contextualizar o corpus tendo em vista a conjuntura histórico-literária na qual ambas as declamações se inserem. O segundo capítulo corresponde à analise descritiva e interpretativa das principais características estilísticas, linguística e argumentativa de ambos os textos. / The main goals of this research are the translation into Brazilian Portuguese and an introductory study of two declamations, The Young Hero (Decl. 5) and The Miser Old Man (Decl. 6), credited to Choricius, a teacher of rhetoric who worked and lived in the 6th century Gaza. Firstly, I present the translation, then the study, which is divided into two sections: in the first chapter I contextualize both declamations historically and in the literary sense. In the second chapter I present a descriptive and interpretative analysis of the main stylistic, linguistic and argumentative characteristics of both texts.

Essa dissertação tem como objetivos a tradução ao português brasileiro e o estudo de duas declamações, quais sejam O jovem herói (Decl. 5) e O velho sovina (Decl. 6), creditados a Corício de Gaza, um professor de retórica cuja produção se situou na primeira metade do séc. VI d.C. Primeiramente, apresentam-se as traduções. Em seguida, o estudo, que é dividido em dois blocos: o primeiro capítulo busca contextualizar o corpus tendo em vista a conjuntura histórico-literária na qual ambas as declamações se inserem. O segundo capítulo corresponde à analise descritiva e interpretativa das principais características estilísticas, linguística e argumentativa de ambos os textos. / The main goals of this research are the translation into Brazilian Portuguese and an introductory study of two declamations, The Young Hero (Decl. 5) and The Miser Old Man (Decl. 6), credited to Choricius, a teacher of rhetoric who worked and lived in the 6th century Gaza. Firstly, I present the translation, then the study, which is divided into two sections: in the first chapter I contextualize both declamations historically and in the literary sense. In the second chapter I present a descriptive and interpretative analysis of the main stylistic, linguistic and argumentative characteristics of both texts.

Os sermões de Dominga de Quaresma do Padre Antônio Vieira interessam segundo as suas práticas contemporâneas de produção e recepção. Historicamente, foram preparados para circular de forma escrita e publicados dispersos pelos tomos da editio princeps do Sermões, entre 1679 e 1699. Editados, destinaram-se a um leitor em momento distante da pregação, que se constrói, porém, circunstancialmente na página. Para discutir esses sermões de Quaresma, são importantes as noções de ductus e eschematisménos lógos. A primeira é lida em Fortunaciano e Marciano Capela, sistematizada por Heinrich Lausberg e tratada por leitores de Vieira. A segunda procura iluminar as lições desses retores dito menores e embasar as leituras dos sermões a partir de passagens de outros textos, de outras doutrinas, de retores latinos e gregos, como Quintiliano, Demétrio, Hermógenes e, no século XV, Jorge de Trebizonda. / Sunday of Lent sermons by Father Antônio Vieira are of interest in conformity to their contemporary practices of production and reception. Historically, they had been composed to circulate in written form and to be published dispersed in the volumes of the editio princeps of the Sermões between 1679 and 1699. Nevertheless, from the moment they were printed they were direct to a reader who was, in a way, distant from the preaching, which is framed, even though circimstantially, in the pages. So as to discuss these Lent sermons, notions of ductus and eschematisménos lógos are fundamental. The former is read in Fortunatianus and Marcianus Capella, systematized by Heinrich Lausberg and debated by Vieiras readers. The latter aims to cast light on the lessons of these so-called rhetores latini minoris and also to give foundation to the readings of the sermons from excerpts of other texts, other doctrines, and Greek and Latin rhetoricians, as Quintilian, Demetrius, Hermogenes and, in the fifteenth century, George of Trebizond.