No / This report contributes new insights into the growing body of literature on inclusive green economy approaches as a key means for eradicating poverty and advancing the evolving post-2015 sustainable development agenda. The report draws on a range of country experiences and a series of case studies commissioned through the UNDP-DESA-UNEP Joint Programme Supporting a Green Economy Transition in Developing Countries and LDCs: Building Towards Rio+20 and Beyond, with the generous support of the Government of The Netherlands. Its non-prescriptive findings are designed to inform country-led efforts to transition to greener, more inclusive economies in ways that deliver on poverty reduction.

La thèse a pour sujet la green economy dans le droit de l’Union européenne et se centre sur l’analyse d’un thème qui a été abordé au niveau juridique ces derniers temps. Partant, l’objectif de la recherche vise à délinéer un cadre juridique pour la green economy par rapport à l’Union européenne, en étudiant la signification de ce terme, en en identifiant les liens avec le droit primaire de l’Union, en examinant la façon dont l’Union utilise son droit (dérivé) pour favoriser la transition vers une green economy et enfin, en imaginant des scénarios juridiques (probables ou souhaités) susceptibles de se manifester en vertu de la prise en compte des exigences de la green economy par l’Union européenne. / The subject of the thesis is the green economy within European Union (EU) Law; the research thus deals with a theme which started been considered only recently. Therefore, the main purpose of the thesis is to define a juridical framework for the green economy within the EU, by studying the meaning of this concept, identifying links with the EU primary Law, examining the way the EU uses its (secondary) law to boost the transition to such model, and prospecting possible (or desirable) scenarios which might appear as a consequence of the taking into consideration of the green economy by the EU itself.

La pedagogia dell’ambiente può offrire nuove prospettive interpretative rispetto a talune rilevanti questioni ambientali. Delineando contributi progettuali sostenibili per formare ad una cittadinanza responsabile in una civiltà planetaria, essa dischiude la possibilità di elaborare una cultura della sostenibilità educativa. Significare un nuovo modello di sviluppo, secondo un pensiero pedagogico orientato alla centralità della persona in stretta congiunzione con la dottrina sociale della Chiesa, caratterizza il quadro teorico della tesi. E’ in questa cornice che si inserisce la presente ricerca, la quale, in una prospettiva pedagogica, compie un’esplorazione orientata ad approfondire il rapporto tra pedagogia e politica dell’ambiente nello scenario dell’Unione Europea. L’elaborato mira a proporre un’articolata disamina critica delle attuali politiche ambientali europee in merito a ricerca e innovazione dell’istruzione e formazione. L’interpretazione pedagogica di emblematici documenti dell’Unione Europea circa l’educazione allo sviluppo sostenibile evidenzia elementi imprescindibili per delineare una progettazione educativa sostenibile finalizzata a generare un cambiamento culturale nel segno della sostenibilità e per elaborare possibili linee di orientamento rivolte a policy makers. / Environmental pedagogy can offer new interpretational perspectives with respect to certain significant environmental issues. By outlining sustainable projects aimed at forming a responsible population in a planetary civilization, environmental pedagogy discloses the possibility to develop a culture of educational sustainability. Representing a new development model, according to a pedagogical thought oriented towards the central nature of the person, in close conjunction with the social doctrine of the Church, characterizes the theoretical picture of the thesis. It is this frame that encloses the present research, which, from a pedagogical perspective, carries out an investigation aimed at deepening the relationship between pedagogy and environmental policy in the scenario of the European Union. The paper intends to propose a well-structured and critical examination of the current European environmental policies on the subject of research and innovation in education and training. The pedagogical interpretation of emblematic documents issued by the European Union concerning education for sustainable development shows elements which are crucial for the purpose of outlining a sustainable educational plan aimed at generating a cultural change in the sign of sustainability and for developing possible guidelines aimed at policymakers.

The accepted scientific opinion is that anthropogenic activities and correlated greenhouse gases are the main cause of climate change, with carbon dioxide releases from fossil fuels being one of the main culprits. In South Africa, the main sources of energy have always been coal and other fossil fuels. Society and the economy alike are heavily reliant on energy consumption. In light of the above, it is clear that drastic steps need to be taken to "clean up" the nation's energy sector and usage patterns. There is an international tendency towards a so-called "green economy," which finds the relation between economic development, social upliftment and conservation of the natural environment. A green economy relies less on carbon inputs, and utilises resources efficiently, whilst taking a "socially inclusive" approach. It therefore makes sense to draw on renewable natural resources in greening the economy. Some of the advantages of renewable energy are that they result in limited or no emissions, the creation of sustainable jobs, improved health of consumers and enhanced energy security. A shift to a green economy cannot take place in a vacuum. The laws and policies regulating the various sectors of the environment; energy generation, distribution and use; investment opportunities and economic factors must stimulate and drive this move, and must create an optimal atmosphere to this end. This study determines how suitable the current South African legal framework is for a shift towards a green economy based on renewable energy, and whether it can successfully catalyse and drive such a shift. / LLM (Environmental Law and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The accepted scientific opinion is that anthropogenic activities and correlated greenhouse gases are the main cause of climate change, with carbon dioxide releases from fossil fuels being one of the main culprits. In South Africa, the main sources of energy have always been coal and other fossil fuels. Society and the economy alike are heavily reliant on energy consumption. In light of the above, it is clear that drastic steps need to be taken to "clean up" the nation's energy sector and usage patterns. There is an international tendency towards a so-called "green economy," which finds the relation between economic development, social upliftment and conservation of the natural environment. A green economy relies less on carbon inputs, and utilises resources efficiently, whilst taking a "socially inclusive" approach. It therefore makes sense to draw on renewable natural resources in greening the economy. Some of the advantages of renewable energy are that they result in limited or no emissions, the creation of sustainable jobs, improved health of consumers and enhanced energy security. A shift to a green economy cannot take place in a vacuum. The laws and policies regulating the various sectors of the environment; energy generation, distribution and use; investment opportunities and economic factors must stimulate and drive this move, and must create an optimal atmosphere to this end. This study determines how suitable the current South African legal framework is for a shift towards a green economy based on renewable energy, and whether it can successfully catalyse and drive such a shift. / LLM (Environmental Law and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The purpose of this research is to show how business and enterprise can align sustainability and sustainable development to create strategic sustainability (SS) procedures, which can be used for planning towards sustainability in an island context. Even with the 3Ps depiction of sustainable development (SD), the idea continues to be difficult to make operational (Azar, Holmberg and Lindgren 1996) and has failed in many of its applications (Baumgartner and Korhonen 2010). Moreover, businesses wishing to operate in perpetuity are challenged by the socio-ecological system that constitutes sustainability. But all businesses have materials, energy and waste flows, (MEWFs) and a more strategic approach to managing these flows can assist businesses with the sustainability challenge. Firstly however, sustainability described as a successful socio-ecological system must be understood. Secondly the process of reducing the MEWFs within the business, referred to as sustainable development actions must be seen as separate but congruent to sustainability. By adapting the framework for strategic sustainable development and using a mixed methods approach, the necessary strategy content for the SS procedures are researched in the tourist accommodation sector-Grenada. It is shown that in an island context, defined as an isolated system with scarce resources, (Deschenes and Chertow 2004) the challenges of sustainability, especially for businesses such as the tourist accommodation sector, are exacerbated. The research concludes with three important groups of steps for the SS procedures: 1) visioning and vision linking; 2) developing sector strategic actions and 3) monitoring and evaluation. A tourism symbiosis was proposed as a critical action for reducing MEWFs. Considerations for implementing aspects of a proposed green economy roadmap using the SS procedures are addressed. The research can assist both policy makers and business leaders to operationalise sustainable development and to do so with some degree of certainty of achieving sustainability in an island context.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as potencialidades econômicas do Distrito Eco Industrial de Palmas/TO, a partir da interação das dimensões de sustentabilidade ambiental e social. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e estudo de caso. Para o estudo de caso, aplicou-se um questionário semiestruturado às empresas localizadas no Distrito Eco Industrial e Atacadista de Palmas/TO. O estudo abrangeu 24 de um total de 171 empresas, em atividades diversas no local, no período de setembro de 2015, para se obter a caracterização das empresas alocadas no distrito, identificando as redes internas de cooperação existentes e a observância dos aspectos ambientais, sociais e econômicos. Os resultados indicam que a cooperação entre as empresas é mínima, tendendo a ser nula. Percebeu-se que as empresas, apesar de estarem em uma tendência de redução do consumo dos recursos naturais, como matérias-primas, energia e água, não reúnem elementos suficientes para caracterizar que estão em um distrito eco industrial. Verificou-se que não há uma interação entre os agentes relacionados ao ambiente de negócios e ao meio ambiente que leve a uma simbiose industrial. Identificou-se, também, que há geração de resíduos passíveis de comercialização, entretanto as empresas não despertaram para a possibilidade se obter receita a partir desses resíduos, com sua venda para serem utilizados em outro processo produtivo. Dentre as principais possibilidades econômicas, voltadas à questão ambiental e social, destaca-se a probabilidade da comercialização de parte desse resíduo. / He objective is to analyze the economic potential of Eco Industrial District Palmas/TO from the interaction of the dimensions of environmental and social sustainability. It is a bibliographical research, document and case study. For the case study applied a semi-structured questionnaire to companies located in the District Eco Industrial and Wholesale Palmas/TO. The study covered 24 companies of 171 in various activities at the site in September 2015 to obtain the characterization of the companies allocated in the district, identifying the existing internal networks of cooperation and compliance with the environmental, social and economic aspects. The results indicate that the cooperation between companies is minimal tending to zero. It was noticed that companies, despite being on a downward trend in the consumption of natural resources such as raw materials, energy and water, do not gather sufficient information to characterize who are in an industrial eco district. It was found that that there is an interaction between the agents related to the business environment and the environment leading to an industrial symbiosis. It was identified, too, there is the generation of waste insusceptible marketing, entertaining, companies do not have woken up to the possibility to earn revenue from these waste by selling it for use in another production process. Among the main economic possibilities, focused on environmental and social issues, there is the likelihood of the commercialization of this waste.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender como a revista Página 22 constrói o discurso sobre economia verde antes, durante e depois da Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Desenvolvimento Sustentável (Rio+20) realizada no Rio de Janeiro (RJ) em junho de 2012. A Página 22 é uma publicação mensal segmentada e especializada na abordagem dos temas socioambientais pelo viés econômico. Ela é produzida em São Paulo e distribuída em nove estados brasileiros por meio de uma parceria com o Centro de Estudos em Sustentabilidade da Escola de Administração de Empresas da Fundação Getulio Vargas (GVces). O corpus foi composto por 371 sequências discursivas recortadas de 136 textos (editoriais, notas, seções temáticas, reportagens e entrevistas) publicados entre junho de 2009 e dezembro de 2014. São utilizadas noções-conceito da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, da Teoria do Jornalismo e da Economia do Meio Ambiente. Os gestos de leitura permitiram a identificação de uma formação discursiva, a do jornalismo ambiental reformista, com quatro posições-sujeito – engajado, crítico, cético e conservador - na construção do discurso da economia verde como uma reforma possível, necessária e inevitável do capitalismo. Após a identificação das diferentes posições assumidas pelo sujeito dentro da formação discursiva foram mapeadas redes parafrásticas. A partir dos resultados encontrados na análise discursiva são discutidos os limites e possibilidades do jornalismo ambiental, especialização entendida como uma prática profissional engajada que informa para transformar. / The objective of this research is to understand how the Página 22 magazine builds the discourse on green economy before, during and after the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio + 20) held in Rio de Janeiro (RJ) in June 2012. Página 22 is a monthly publication targeted and specialized in addressing the social and environmental issues for the economic bias. It is produced in São Paulo and distributed in nine Brazilian states from a partnership with the Center for Sustainability of the School of Business Administration of the Getulio Vargas Foundation (GVces). The corpus consisted of 371 discursive sequences cut from 136 texts (editorial, notes, thematic sections, reports and interviews) published between June 2009 and December 2014. This research uses concept-notions from French Discourse Analysis, Theory of Journalism and Economics of the Environment. The reading gestures allowed the identification of a discursive formation, the environmental journalism reformist, with four subject- positions - engaged, critical, skeptical and conservative - in the construction of the discourse of green economy as a possible, necessary and inevitable reform of capitalism. After the identification of the different positions taken by the subject within the discursive formation were mapped paraphrase networks. From the results found in the discursive analysis, this research discusses the limits and possibilities of environmental journalism, specialization understood as a committed professional practice that informs to improve the world.

While commitments made at the Rio+20 conference paved the road for the building of a green and fair economy, the ability of economics to provide a satisfactory intellectual framework to support this process has been increasingly questioned, particularly since the 2008 global financial crisis. In order to make economics more responsive to present and future challenges, this study argues that education in economics must be centred on the pursuit of sustainable development with what has been termed Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). To qualify as ESD, this paper contends that economics education must embrace pluralism on four levels (theoretical, methodological, disciplinary and pedagogical). This fourfold pluralism will improve economists’ capacity to deal with societal challenges and allow for the long-term building of resilient green-er and fair-er economies. The University of Versailles Saint-Quentin (France) Bachelor of Economics and Management is chosen as a case study to identify the current institutional factors hindering the opening of economics education to pluralism. The thesis draws on relevant literature in the field, and also utilises interviews undertaken with five economic professors teaching in the Bachelor. Following analysis of the case study, five main barriers to a plural economics education were found; these barriers are professionalisation, recruitment, evaluation, laziness and performance.

There were three big oil crises in twenty century, and all made international political shakes. The global warming triggered the climate change, the rising of sea horizon and other environmental problems. The advanced countries begin to think about decreasing the dependency of fossil fuels as economic grows. Both the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 and the United Nations Copenhagen Climate Change Conference in 2009 were the evidences that most of the countries in the world are all concerned about climate change and economical environments. Furthermore, the Kyoto Protocol and the United Nations Climate Change Conferences affected the global economic policies, and also generated new ideas of green economy. Because of the impacts from the environmental and economic view, many countries made new green energy policies to develop renewable energy, promote green industry, wake up environment protection ideas, and broadcast the education of save energy saving and carbon reduction. This thesis uses the historical method, content analysis method and comparative method and the public policy theory as the theory basement. Then the thesis introduces the summary of global green energy industry. Taiwan and Singapore are called as Four Asian Little Dragons, but both lack of nature resources and depend on energy importation. The thesis discusses the policies on green industry of the Taiwan and Singapore, and also discusses the outputs of the policies. The final part is the policy comparisons between the two governments.