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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

Hållbarhetslänkade lån - vägen till en mer hållbar fastighetsbransch : En studie om tillämpningen av hållbarhetslänkade lån och dess effekter hos svenska fastighetsbolag / Sustainability Linked Loans - The Path to a More Sustainable Real Estate Industry : A study on the application of sustainability linked loans and their effects on Swedish real estate companies

Dahlman, Olivia, Hirani, Rachna January 2023 (has links)
The construction and real estate sector accounts for a significant part of Sweden's total greenhouse gas emissions. Swedish real estate companies play a leading role in the climate transition and represent more than half of the Swedish market for green corporate bonds. International initiatives such as the UN's Agenda 2030, the Paris Agreement, and the EU's Green Taxonomy Regulation promote sustainable development and the identification of sustainable investments. The taxonomy regulation directs investments towards sustainability, which, along with growing global demand, impacts the market for sustainability linked loans.  The thesis aims to investigate the motives and driving forces behind Swedish property companies and banks' participation in sustainability linked loans, their application and impact on their sustainability work, and potential challenges and future prospects for these loans in Sweden. This thesis is based on a qualitative research method and includes seven interviews with respondents from two different stakeholder groups; lenders (banks) and borrowers (property companies). A literature study has been prepared to provide insight into sustainability linked loans and the market's characteristics. The collected empirical material has then been analyzed based on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Signaling theory. The conclusions are based on the study's empirical data and discussion. The conclusions drawn are that sustainability linked loans play a significant role in Swedish real estate companies' sustainability work by offering financial incentives, strengthening the companies' strategies, and increasing transparency. Banks and property companies see advantages in the form of better conditions and a stronger link between sustainability efforts and financial benefits. Challenges for the future include transparency and the risk of greenwashing. The implementation of the EU's CSRD and ESRS is expected to address these challenges. Despite this, sustainability linked loans are expected to continue to grow and be demanded by more industries. / Bygg- och fastighetssektorn står för en betydande del av Sveriges totala utsläpp av växthusgaser. Svenska fastighetsbolag spelar en ledande roll i klimatomställningen och dominerar mer än hälften av den svenska marknaden för gröna företagsobligationer. Internationella initiativ som FN:s Agenda 2030, Parisavtalet och EU:s gröna taxonomiförordning, främjar hållbar utveckling och identifiering av hållbara investeringar. Taxonomiförordningen styr investeringar mot hållbarhet, vilket tillsammans med växande global efterfrågan påverkar marknaden för hållbarhetslänkade lån.  Uppsatsen syftar i att undersöka motiv och drivkrafter bakom svenska fastighetsbolags och bankers deltagande i hållbarhetslänkade lån, deras tillämpning och inverkan på deras hållbarhetsarbete, samt eventuella utmaningar och framtidsutsikter för dessa lån i Sverige. Denna uppsats baseras på en kvalitativ forskningsmetod och inkluderar sju intervjuer med respondenter från två olika intressentgrupper; långivare (banker) och låntagare (fastighetsbolag). En litteraturstudie har utarbetats för att ge insikt i hållbarhetslänkade lån och marknadens karaktärsdrag. Det insamlade empiriska materialet har sedan analyserats utifrån Företagens sociala ansvar (CSR) och signaleringsteori. Slutsatserna baseras på studiens empiri och diskussion. Slutsatserna som dras är att hållbarhetslänkade lån spelar en betydande roll för svenska fastighetsbolags hållbarhetsarbete genom att erbjuda ekonomiska incitament, stärka företagens strategier och öka transparensen. Banker och fastighetsbolag ser fördelar i form av bättre villkor och en starkare koppling mellan hållbarhetsinsatser och ekonomiska fördelar. Utmaningar för framtiden inkluderar transparens och risk för greenwashing. Implementeringen av EU:s CSRD och ESRS förväntas adressera dessa utmaningar. Trots detta förväntas hållbarhetslänkade lån fortsätta växa och efterfrågas av fler branscher.
72

Interoperabilidad en el futuro ecosistema europeo de ciudades inteligentes

Fernández Pallarés, Víctor 30 July 2018 (has links)
El desarrollo sostenible de las zonas urbanas es un reto de alto interés a nivel mundial. En los años 70 nadie podía haber pensado en la información como un activo de nuestra sociedad. Hoy en día las nuevas tecnologías ponen a nuestro alcance una ingente cantidad de recursos impensable para manejar todos los datos generados por la ciudad. Una gestión adecuada de la ciudad dependerá del continente, de la cantidad y de la naturaleza de los datos y de los recursos e infraestructuras a tener en cuenta. Esto es el inicio de lo que puede hacer cambiar el concepto actual de ciudad permitiendo una mayor conectividad e interacción autónoma, sin intervención humana, entre todos los servicios que caracterizan un núcleo urbano, aproximándonos de este modo a lo que sería la 'ciudad inteligente' o SmartCity. Para desarrollar este concepto, una característica de gran importancia que debe tenerse en cuenta es la movilidad de los elementos que la componen y le dan vida, pues es aquello que permite el día a día en el núcleo urbano. Un elemento muy importante en este contexto es el vehículo eléctrico (FEV, 'Full Electric Vehicle'), por todas las razones que vemos en nuestro trabajo. Para una adecuada puesta en marcha del FEV es necesario integrarlo con el resto de infraestructuras que influyen en la movilidad en la ciudad. Esto permitirá hacer realidad ese nuevo modelo urbano inteligente que pretendemos alcanzar y que es nuestro futuro. Nuestro trabajo ha consistido en investigar y diseñar una solución de interoperabilidad que gestione la utilización del FEV en un entorno urbano, aprovechando las infraestructuras existentes, optimizando los recursos de que disponemos, e integrando las posibilidades de comunicación que las TIC nos ofrecen. Nos planteamos dos objetivos en nuestro trabajo, el primero de los cuales es integrar y poner en marcha el FEV en la SmartCity. Para ello hemos necesitado estudiar las partes más relevantes de un sistema de información centralizado para controlar la autonomía del FEV en la SmartCity, prever la demanda de energía a la red (es decir, estimar la energía total que tendrá que disponer inicialmente la red para atender la posible demanda de energía), controlar la disponibilidad neta de energía en las estaciones de carga de la red y finalmente diseñar el proceso de gestión activa de la demanda que permita optimizar el consumo energético y los precios. Por otra parte, el segundo de nuestros objetivos consiste en estudiar cómo los factores que intervienen en la movilidad dentro de la SmartCity pueden garantizar que el desplazamiento del FEV se lleve a cabo según lo planificado y con ello integrar adecuadamente los FEV en el sistema de movilidad urbano. Es decir, se trata de integrar el entorno de gestión del FEV, estudiado en la primera parte, con el entorno externo al FEV en la SmartCity, proporcionando así una solución global al problema de integración del FEV en el nuevo ecosistema de ciudades europeas. Para ello se requiere optimizar la interacción entre el FEV y los servicios de información meteorológica, de tráfico y de movilidad en la ciudad como son el transporte público, el estacionamiento y el alquiler (e-sharing), además de una necesaria estrategia de predicción del tráfico para la toma anticipada de decisiones. / Sustainable development of urban areas is a challenge of highest interest at global level. Never before could anyone have thought of the information as an asset of our society. The advent of the new technologies have provided us with a huge amount of unthinkable resources to manage the data generated by the city and make urban areas evolve. Nowadays a proper management of the city will depend on the continent, the amount and nature of the data and the resources and infrastructures to be taken into account. This is the beginning of what will make the current concept of city change. The new model of the city we will face is due to a higher connectivity and interaction, without human intervention, among all the services that determine an urban centre. This is an approach to what would be the 'intelligent city' or SmartCity. To develop this concept, a feature of paramount importance is the mobility of the elements that form it and make it live, as it is what supports the daily routine in the urban model. A very important element in this context is the electric vehicle (FEV, 'Full Electric Vehicle'), for all the reasons we see in our work. For a proper launching of the FEV it is necessary to integrate it with the rest of infrastructures that influence the mobility in the city. Our work has consisted of researching and designing an interoperability solution to manage the use of the FEV in the urban landscape. The first of our goals in this work is to put the FEV in place into the SmartCity. To achieve it, it is required to study the most relevant parts of a centralised information system in order to manage the vehicle autonomy, the energy demand in the city, the energy availability in each charge station and a user interface to communite with the system. Moreover, the system will be able to manage, in a proactive way, the needs of the network in order to optimise costs and improve efficiency. On the other hand, the second of our objectives is to study how the factors involved in the mobility within the SmartCity can ensure that FEV mobility is carried out as planned and, with it, conveniently integrate the FEV in the urban mobility system. In other words, our aim is to integrate the FEV management landscape, studied in the first part, with the other agents of mobility into the SmartCity, thus providing a comprehensive solution to the problem of integration of the FEV in the new European cities ecosystem. This requires optimizing the interaction between the FEV and the meteorological information, traffic and mobility services in the city such as public transport, parking and e-sharing, in addition to a necessary traffic forecasting strategy for the early decision-making. / El desenvolupament sostenible de les zones urbanes és un repte d'alt interès a nivell mundial. Fins els anys 70 ningú podia haver pensat en la informació com un actiu de la nostra societat. Avui en dia les noves tecnologies posen al nostre abast una ingent quantitat de recursos impensable per a gestionar totes les dades generades per la ciutat. Una gestió adequada de la ciutat dependrà del continent, de la quantitat i de la naturalesa de les dades i dels recursos i infraestructures a tenir en compte. Això és l'inici del que pot fer canviar el concepte actual de ciutat permetent una major connectivitat i interacció autònoma, sense intervenció humana, entre tots els serveis que caracteritzen un nucli urbà, aproximant d'aquesta manera el que serà la 'ciutat intel·ligent 'o SmartCity. Per desenvolupar aquest concepte, una característica de gran importància que cal tenir en compte és la mobilitat dels elements que la componen i li donen vida, ja que és allò que permet el dia a dia al nucli urbà. Un element molt important en aquest context és el vehicle elèctric (FEV, 'Full Electric Vehicle'), per totes les raons que veiem al nostre treball. Per a una adequada posada en marxa del FEV cal integrar-lo amb la resta d'infraestructures que influeixen en la mobilitat a la ciutat. Això permetrà fer realitat aquest nou model urbà intel·ligent que pretenem assolir. És sense dubte el nostre futur. El nostre treball ha consistit en investigar i dissenyar una solució d'interoperabilitat que gestione la utilització del FEV en un entorn urbà, aprofitant les infraestructures existents, optimitzant els recursos de què disposem, i integrant les possibilitats de comunicació que les TIC ens ofereixen. Ens plantegem dos objectius en el nostre treball, el primer dels quals és integrar i posar en marxa el FEV a la SmartCity. Per a això hem necessitat estudiar les parts més rellevants d'un sistema d'informació centralitzat per controlar l'autonomia del FEV a la SmartCity, preveure la demanda d'energia a la xarxa (és a dir, estimar l'energia total que haurà de disposar inicialment la xarxa per atendre la possible demanda d'energia), controlar la disponibilitat neta d'energia a les estacions de càrrega de la xarxa i finalment dissenyar el procés de gestió activa de la demanda que permeti optimitzar el consum energètic i els preus. D'altra banda, el segon dels nostres objectius consisteix a estudiar com els factors que intervenen en la mobilitat dins de la SmartCity poden garantir que el desplaçament del FEV es dugui a terme segons el planificat i amb això integrar adequadament els FEV en el sistema de mobilitat urbà. És a dir, es tracta d'integrar l'entorn de gestió del FEV, ja estudiat en la primera part, amb l'entorn extern al FEV a la SmartCity, proporcionant així una solució global al problema d'integració del FEV en el nou ecosistema de ciutats europees. Per a això es requereix optimitzar la interacció entre el FEV i els serveis d'informació meteorològica, de trànsit i de mobilitat a la ciutat com són el transport públic, l'estacionament i el lloguer (e-sharing), a més d'una necessària estratègia de predicció del trànsit per a la presa anticipada de decisions. / Fernández Pallarés, V. (2018). Interoperabilidad en el futuro ecosistema europeo de ciudades inteligentes [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/106365
73

Implementation of waste management policy in the City of Tshwane

Mokebe, Thabo 06 1900 (has links)
The City of Tshwane is the capital city of South Africa and the administrative seat of government. The status of the city as a capital creates high expectations on the level of basic service delivery on municipal services like waste management, water, electricity and health. The city is currently facing challenges in relation to the delivery and implementation of waste management services. In an attempt to find solutions to the waste management challenges of the city a study on the implementation of waste management services is undertaken by the researcher. The study identifies and then analyses the underlying reasons for the challenges faced by the City of Tshwane in the implementation of waste management services. This aim of this study was to investigate and to analyse the implementation of waste management services in the City of Tshwane’s historically disadvantaged areas with particular focus on Region 01, 02, 05 and 07. In order to investigate these factors, a descriptive research design and qualitative methodology was used which related to convenient and purposive sampling of officials and data collected from fifteen (15) respondents using semi structured interviews and observations. The study also utilised document analysis to interpret the challenges and solutions related to the research topic. It emerged from the study that a lack of capacity and resources to perform efficient waste management services underpinned many of the challenges experience by the city. The failure of the city to ensure community participation and involvement is another reason for the challenges the city faces in waste management. Furthermore, the lack of policy implementation and enforcement is an element that the city needs to deeply consider. When policy is crafted with input of residents and when there is a social contract as to the roles and responsibilities of each party, it becomes easier to enforce. Some of the challenges that the city faces with regards to waste management can also be attributed to political interference and institutional deficiencies. Beyond issues like capacity, institutions and others, the city will continue to face challenges if it does not seriously invest in innovation and new technologies that address its generic and specific conditions in relation to the management of waste. The marginalisation and selective enforcement of by-laws on the informal recyclers and reclaimers are some of the findings of the study that demonstrate the inability of the city to find specific solutions to specifics regions on waste management .These challenges resulted in the peri urban regions like region 01, 02, 05 and 07 not receiving quality and consistent waste management services. The study recommends some interventions to address the waste management problems identified in the highlighted regions and entire City of Tshwane. Some of the recommended interventions include, assessing the unique characteristics of the communities and regions with a view of identifying waste management solutions that will be relevant for the circumstances and profile of such regions, ensure that proper and adequate resources, infrastructure and capacity is deployed to such areas to improve the waste services in those areas. Furthermore aggressive education and awareness campaigns conducted in partnership with communities will be critical to change people’s attitude towards waste management and a clean environment. This can be achieved through a consultative process led by the City of Tshwane in partnership with its communities and enforced through a progressive and incentive driven by-law system. / Public Administration and Management / M.P.A. (Master of Public Administration)
74

The impact of economic and financial development on carbon emissions : evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

Onanuga, Olaronke Toyin 09 1900 (has links)
In the literature, some studies argue that affluence and the financial sector encourages low-carbon investments which result in lower emissions while others find that they enhance emissions. Contemporary studies barely consider agriculture, employment generation and the degree of financial development as determinants of emissions. In view of these, the thesis investigates the impact of economic and financial development on CO2 emissions in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Applying the EKC and STIRPAT framework, the study modelled three functional forms which were estimated using an unbalanced panel data of 45 SSA countries by employing static and dynamic analytical methods. The models were re-estimated for 24 low (LIC), 13 lower-middle (LMIC), six upper-middle (UMIC) and two high-income countries (HIC). The study found evidence that empirical results differ in terms of the (sub-) sample of countries, estimation methods and functional forms. In detail, the study found different CO2 emissions-economic development relationships for the income groups. However, there is evidence of a linkage between later developments of the economies with lower emissions in LIC and UMIC while this linkage does not exist in LMIC and HIC. The study also found that financial development lowers CO2 in UMIC while it enhances emissions in LIC, LMIC and HIC. Despite this, there is evidence of a linkage between later developments of financial sectors with higher emissions in LIC and HIC and a linkage between later developments of financial sectors with lower CO2 in UMIC in SSA meanwhile no linkage was found for LMIC. The study concludes that not all economic development increases the level of CO2 emissions and not all financial development limits CO2 emissions in SSA during the study period. Generally, the main contributory variables to CO2 emissions are income, trade openness, energy consumption, population density and domestic credit to private sector to GDP. The main reducing factors of CO2 emissions are agriculture and official exchange rate. The thesis recommends that SSA needs to be more responsive to a cleaner CO2 environment by moving away from the conduct of unclean development strategy to intensified green investments. / Economics / D. Phil. (Economics)

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