Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O objetivo deste estudo é discutir o conceito de duplo vínculo, presente nas pesquisas sobre o paradoxo na comunicação humana realizadas pela Escola de Palo Alto com a coordenação de Gregory Bateson. Para isso, será analisado de que maneira o paradoxo foi empregado pela filosofia e pelos estudos matemáticos em alguns momentos da história do conhecimento humano, sempre se opondo à Verdade e à Ciência. Assim, através de Deleuze, Stengers, Despret e Latour, outros modelos científicos e epistemológicos serão apresentados, contribuindo para uma melhor compreensão do pensamento de Bateson. / This study aims to discuss the concept of double bind, presented in the researches about paradox in human communication developed by the Palo Alto school, under the coordination of Gregory Bateson. For that, it will analyze in which manners the concept of paradox was used by philosophy and mathematics studies in some moments of the knowledge history, always opposing to Truth and Science. In this way, through Deleuze, Stengers, Despret and Latour, other scientific and epistemological designs will be presented, contributing to a better comprehension of Batesons ideas.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O objetivo deste estudo é discutir o conceito de duplo vínculo, presente nas pesquisas sobre o paradoxo na comunicação humana realizadas pela Escola de Palo Alto com a coordenação de Gregory Bateson. Para isso, será analisado de que maneira o paradoxo foi empregado pela filosofia e pelos estudos matemáticos em alguns momentos da história do conhecimento humano, sempre se opondo à Verdade e à Ciência. Assim, através de Deleuze, Stengers, Despret e Latour, outros modelos científicos e epistemológicos serão apresentados, contribuindo para uma melhor compreensão do pensamento de Bateson. / This study aims to discuss the concept of double bind, presented in the researches about paradox in human communication developed by the Palo Alto school, under the coordination of Gregory Bateson. For that, it will analyze in which manners the concept of paradox was used by philosophy and mathematics studies in some moments of the knowledge history, always opposing to Truth and Science. In this way, through Deleuze, Stengers, Despret and Latour, other scientific and epistemological designs will be presented, contributing to a better comprehension of Batesons ideas.

La Evaluación por imágenes debe de ser un plazo completo y riguroso antes de una exodoncia de terceras molares inferiores retenidas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar cuál es la posición más frecuente de la terceras molares mandibulares según el factor género de los pacientes que acuden al Departamento de Estomatología del Hospital Central FAP, en los que se determinó en 130 radiografías panorámica en pacientes de 18 a 30 años de edad la prevalencia de la Clase II posición B en ambos géneros. / The imaging evaluation should be a thorough and rigorous time before an extraction of retained third molars. The aim of this study was to determine the most common position of the third molars jaw by gender of patients attending theDepartment of Stomatology Hospital Central FAP factor, which was determined in 130 panoramic radiographs in patients 18 to 30 years of age the prevalence of Class II position B in both genders. Key words: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pell and Gregory, panoramic, third molars.

Thesis advisor: Matilda Tomaryn Bruckner / This study demonstrates the essential connection between literature and history by examining the way selected saints’ lives were read and rewritten in Latin and Old French from the eleventh to thirteenth centuries. Building on the concept of the horizon of expectations developed by Hans Robert Jauss, it argues against both the model of literature as a series of timeless classics whose meaning is apparent to the intelligent reader of any age and the tendency to reduce literature to the more or less successful imitation of historical realities. Not only does the interpretation of a saint’s life change over time as the text is read in different religious and cultural contexts, but the narrative is in turn capable of influencing the way its readers understand themselves and the world in which they live. By comparing different versions of each saint’s life, I am able to isolate variations in form, tone, characterization, and action, and relate them to the experiences of specific historical figures whose lives illustrate the important religious and cultural issues of their time. In order to do this, I examine three saints’ lives in light of the sometimes troubled relationship between the clerical order of the church and the laity. Two Latin and two Old French versions of the Life of Saint Alexis are read along with the life of Christina of Markyate, an English woman who fled from her husband to become a recluse. Alexis’s and Christina’s refusal of marriage illustrates the tension between the monastic model of fleeing from the world to save one’s self and the pastoral ideal of working for the salvation of others. I compare the figure of the mother in two very similar Old French versions of the Life of Pope Saint Gregory, a story of incest, penance, and redemption, to Ermengarde of Anjou, a countess who could never commit herself to life in a convent. Like Ermengarde and countless other lay men and women, Gregory’s mother faces the question of whether she can live a sufficiently holy life as a lay person or needs to enter a convent to expiate her sins. Finally, I read Latin and Old French verse and prose versions of the Life of Saint Mary the Egyptian in light of the similar yet opposing experiences of Valdes of Lyon and Francis of Assisi in relation to the question of heresy and orthodoxy. My understanding of the medieval religious historical context, particularly the history of the laity in the Church, builds on the foundational work of Raoul Manselli, Etienne Delaruelle, and André Vauchez, as well as more recent work by Michel Grandjean, who compares the different visions of the laity held by Peter Damien, Anselm of Canterbury, and Yves of Chartres. My dissertation shows that the different versions of saints’ lives not only reflect the evolution of attitudes about human relationships, salvation, and orthodoxy that characterize the time and place in which they were written, but also question the practices of later readers and offer solutions to new problems in new contexts. As my study demonstrates, ideals like the monastic identification of holiness with asceticism shape the way people understand and direct their lives, and the source for these ideals can often be found in literary texts like saints’ lives. These texts do not communicate these ideals transparently. The juxtapositions, tensions, and conflicts they depict can lead the reader to come to a more nuanced understanding or even a total reconsideration of his or her beliefs. The study of rewriting and medieval saints’ lives can help us better understand this interplay between narrative, ideal, and lived experience. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2008. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Romance Languages and Literatures.

Thesis advisor: Jean-Luc Solère / This dissertation pursues a philosophical analysis of the epistemic claims of the discipline of theology--a intellectual discipline whose unique identity was being crafted in the high and late Middle Ages. In particular, this study focuses on how the theologian can both rely on "faith" and "authority" while also claiming to acquire a kind of knowledge that the simple believer does not have. The prologue to Sentences Commentary of the Augustinian, Gregory of Rimini, is the focal point of the dissertation, since the "prologue" is the typical place for theologians to philosophically reflect on the nature of their discipline. However, Rimini will be considered carefully in light of his fourteenth-century context. The study will look specifically at those thinkers Rimini directly engages with: namely, Aquinas, Duns Scotus, Peter Aureoli, William of Ockham and Adam Wodeham. But, in light of Rimini's status as an Augustinian hermit, the study will also be attentive to the tradition of Augustinian theologians that precede Rimini; most notably, this is Giles of Rome, star pupil of Aquinas and the intellectual father of the Augustinian Order. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Philosophy.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília,Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Metafísica, 2018. / Esta pesquisa pretende identificar, analisar e debater a proposta de Gregory Bateson no que diz respeito à caracterização e atuação dos fenômenos mentais, tomando como centro a noção de mente desenvolvida na obra Mind and Nature (1979). Admitindo que os pressupostos do autor em torno do assunto têm um início muito anterior, fazemos uma análise prévia de algumas de suas obras e pesquisas, orientando nosso olhar sempre para o que tem importância direta à formulação e análise de Mind and Nature. Em especial, deteremo-nos nas noções de comunicação e aprendizagem, que atuam como solo epistemológico a partir do qual sua proposta de mente é arquitetada. Bateson referia-se por explicação científica à operação de mapeamento de descrições e ideias de determinados fenômenos sobre uma tautologia, isto é, a tautologia atua como suporte ou mapa sobre o qual a materialidade, misteriosa e contínua, é ajustada, domesticada e discernível. Assim, Mind and Nature pode ser dito enquanto mapeamento de fenômenos mentais, segundo a firme rede de proposições tecida por Bateson, na forma de seis critérios, suficientes e necessários à identificação de qualquer sistema mental. Se os padrões pelos quais compreendemos a vida orientam aqueles a partir dos quais agimos, e se vivemos num sistema complexo e circular, epistemologia e ontologia não estão ligadas somente entre si, mas à ecologia do que nos cerca. Portanto, o contínuo exame e aperfeiçoamento de nossa epistemologia pode indicar-nos modos de viver menos danosos ao sistema do qual participamos e, consequentemente, a nós mesmos. / This research aims to identify, analyze and debate Gregory Bateson’s proposal regarding the characterization and operation of mental phenomena, taking the notion of mind developed in Mind and Nature (1979) as center. Assuming that the author’s assumptions about the matter have earlier beginning, we make a prior analysis of some of his works and researches, guiding our look at what is directly relevant to Mind and Nature’s formulation and analysis. In particular, we focus on the notions of communication and learning, which act as epistemological ground from which his mind proposal is constructed. By scientific explanation Bateson referred to the operation of mapping descriptions and ideas of certain phenomena on a tautology, that is, tautology acts as support or map on which the materiality, mysterious and continuous, is adjusted, domesticated and discernible. Thus, Mind and Nature can be said as a mapping of mental phenomena, according to the tight network of propositions woven by Bateson, in the form of six criteria, sufficient and necessary to identify any mental system. If the patterns by which we understand life guide those from which we act, and if we live in a complex and circular system, epistemology and ontology are not bound only with each other but also with the ecology of our surroundings. Therefore, the continuous examination and refinement of our epistemology may indicate us less harmful ways of living to the system in which we participate, and consequently to ourselves.

acase@tulane.edu

The main objective of this thesis is to study the behavior of black objects in external fields, for example black holes and black strings in 4 and 5-dimensional spacetimes respectively. In particular, to analyze how external fields affect horizons and the internal structure of such objects, to study their properties, and tocunderstand how the spacetime fabric works. The thesis contains three chapters. In Chapters 1 and 2 we study the interior of 4-dimensional static, axisymmetric, electrically neutral and electrically charged distorted black holes. We analyze how external static and axisymmetric distortions affect the interior of such black holes. In particular, we study the behavior of the interior solution of an electrically neutral black hole near its horizon and singularity. The analysis shows that there exists a certain duality between the event horizon and the singularity. As a special example, we study the interior of a compactified 4-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole. In the case of an electrically charged black hole, a similar duality exists between its event and Cauchy horizons. The duality implies that the Cauchy horizon remains regular, provided the distortion is regular at the event horizon. Extension of the general theory of relativity to higher dimensional spacetimes brings a large variety of black objects whose boundary, the event horizon, may be of a complicated structure. One such object is a black string. In Chapter 3 we discuss the so-called Gregory-Laflamme instability of 5-dimensional black strings in a spacetime with one compact dimension and their topological phase transitions. Here we consider black strings with electric or magnetic charge. Linear static perturbations of these objects indicate the presence of a threshold unstable mode. An analysis of such mode shows that an electrically charged black string is less stable than a neutral one. The situation is opposite for a magnetically charged black string. An analysis of 5-dimensional extremal black string with electric charge shows a continuous spectrum of unstable threshold modes. The results presented in this thesis may have applications in the theory of classical 4-dimensional black holes and in the modern theoretical models of higher dimensions.

Gregory of Nazianzus (ca. AD 330-390) was one of the most learned men of his time and is one of the most important theologians of the early Christian Church. His orations, letters and poetry were widely studied and greatly copied in the Middle Ages. However, there is a lack of modern scholarship on Gregory's poetry, which is why there is such need for this thesis, a study of carm. II 1. 22, with introduction and commentary. The introduction focuses primarily on aspects of carm. II. 1. 22 while outlining the events of Gregory's life and situating the poem within them. The commentary is largely linguistic with autobiographical and historical features discussed and brief mention of theological matters.

Filmmaker Roman Polanski declares in his autobiography that he was greatly influenced by renowned neuropsychologist Richard L. Gregory (1923-2010), whose work, Polanski claims, gave scientific confirmation to many of his own beliefs regarding the nature of perception. Gregory was a strong advocate for what is referred to as the ‘indirect’ theory of perception, a theoretical model that stresses the agency of cognition, specifically hypothesisation, in the act of perceiving. This analysis of Polanski’s cinema is guided by an exploration of perceptual psychology, with special attention paid to how the theory of indirect perception differs from competing, and often more intuitive, models of perception. The two main focuses of this thesis are: a) to identify the ways in which Polanski’s cinematography is actively informed by neuropsychological research on perception, and b) to discuss the various ways in which the key philosophical implications of the theory of indirect perception find expression in his cinema. My analysis will focus primarily on two (unofficial) ‘trilogies’, what I refer to as the ‘Apartment Trilogy’ of Repulsion (1965), Rosemary’s Baby (1968), and The Tenant (1976), and the ‘Investigation Trilogy’ of Chinatown (1974), Frantic (1988) and The Ninth Gate (1999). Also included are minor case studies of Knife in the Water (1962), Death and the Maiden (1994), and The Ghost (2010). This thesis hopes to demonstrate the manner in which Polanski’s cinematic engagement with perceptual psychology evolves over his career, from more psychologically intimate explorations of the perceptual mechanism via portrayals of schizophrenia in his earlier films, to more distant studies of highly proficient perceiving bodies who are nevertheless confronted with serious challenges to their perceptual (and epistemological) frameworks.