Den traditionella miljöredovisningens tid är förbi och hållbarhetsredovisning är något som blir allt vanligare i samhället. Olika ramverk och riktlinjer byggs upp och börjar användas av svenska företag samt organisationer. Intressentanalysen är en stor del av hållbarhetsredovisningen och olika ramverk förespråkar vad den bör innehålla och inte hur den ska presenteras. Syftet med vår uppsats är att beskriva och förklara hur företag, med omfattande hållbarhetsredovisningar som finns representerade i Price waterhouse Coopers rapport (2009), redovisar intressentanalyserna i sina hållbarhetsredovisningar. Uppsatsen bygger på granskningar, med hjälp av vår analysmodell, av samtliga företags hållbarhetsredovisning för att kunna fastställa hur företagen redovisar sin intressentanalys. För att sedan komplettera vår granskning görs det sju stycken intervjuer med företag som vår granskning visat vara intressanta. Resultatet av dokumentstudien visar att de företag vi granskar följer samtliga ramverket Global Reporting Initiatives (GRI) riktlinjer när det gäller vad intressentanalysen innehåller. Trots detta visar vår studie att företagen redovisar GRI:s riktlinjer på olika sätt. Företagen redovisar riktlinjerna i allt från matriser till löpande text i hållbarhetsredovisningarna. Studien visar även att erfarenhet och kunskap om hållbarhetsredovisning har stor betydelse på hur företag redovisar sin intressentanalys. Det framkom av studien att det finns en tydlig skillnad mellan hur noterade bolag och statligt ägda bolag redovisar sin intressentanalys. Noterade bolag tenderar till att redovisa mer av GRI:s riktlinjer i sin intressentanalys. Studien visar även att det skilde sig i hur företagen presenterade intressentanalysen i hålbarhetsredovisningen. De noterade bolagen presenterade generellt intressentanalysen tydligare än de statligt ägda bolagen. / The traditional environmental reporting has past. Sustainability Reporting is further something that is becoming more and more prevalent in the society. Today, various frameworks and guidelines for sustainability reporting appear and are being used by Swedish companies and organizations. Stakeholder analysis is a major part of sustainability reporting and the various frameworks advocates what the sustainability report should contain of. If the companies are to follow a specific framework they will get guidelines on what the stakeholder analysis should include but not how it should be presented. The aim of this study is to describe and explain how companies, which are represented in the PricewaterhouseCoopers report (2009), present the stakeholder analysis in their sustainability reports. The essay is based on auditing of all the companies’ sustainability reports, to determine how the companies report their stakeholder analysis. To our help we have the developed analytical model. To complement this study, seven intervires were preformed which are of interest in this study. The result of the study shows that the interviwed comapnies all follow the framework of GRI, in the determination of what the stakeholder analysis should include.guidelines in different ways. The companies present the guidelines in marixes, tables and some in linear form. The study also shows that experience and knowledge of sustainability reporting is very important in understanding how companies report their stakeholder analysis. It was clear that there is a difference in how public companies compared to the state-owned companies report their stakeholder analysis. Public companies tend to report more of the GRI guidelines of stakeholder analysis in their sustainability reports, but there were also differences in how they present their stakeholder analysis. The study showed that the public companies presented the stakeholder analysis more clearly then the state-owned companies.

In the lead-up to the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002, several documents were published by the mining industry declaring the important role that public sustainability reporting had to play in driving sustainable development and pointing to the Global Reporting Initiative???s (GRI) 2002 Sustainability Reporting Guidelines as a suitable vehicle for this. With the aim of finding ways to improve the quantity and quality of public sustainability reporting within the Australian coal mining industry, this study set out to investigate the current sustainability reporting practices of companies involved in the industry. A survey was conducted of the public financial and non-financial reporting practices of all companies with a significant interest in a New South Wales or Queensland coal mine. Three survey cycles were completed covering the 2001, 2002 and 2003 calendar years and the 2001/02, 2002/03 and 2003/04 financial years. The reporting practices were determined both in terms of frequency of report production and contents of reports. A GRI-based content analysis tool was used to measure the amount of sustainability information contained in the company reports. It was found that only around a quarter of companies produced a nonfinancial report and that almost half did not produce any public reports, with the number of unlisted companies publicly reporting particularly low. Whilst a wide range of reporting practices were observed with regard to content, the frequency of Economic, Environmental and Social Performance Indicators in reports was generally found to be low. An investigation of the regulatory reporting requirements on companies was then conducted to determine what sustainability information companies could report with data that they already had at hand. The same GRI-based content analysis tool was used to analyse a variety of regulatory documents. It was found that companies did not publicly disclose a significant amount of the environmental data that they are required to report to regulators. The study also evaluated the reporting capacity of non-reporters and found that, with the exception of Governance Structure and Management Systems elements, large unlisted companies had similar regulatory reporting requirements to listed companies. However, smaller unlisted companies had fewer requirements to report Profile and Economic elements. Finally, the influences of company ownership structure, non-financial reporting status, industrial sector, nationality and participation in voluntary initiatives on sustainability reporting practices were investigated. It was concluded that in order for public sustainability reporting to be a useful tool in driving sustainable development, focus needed to shift from ???best practice??? to ???common practice??? so that a critical mass of reporters is amassed to allow benchmarking of performance.

Submitted by Elizabete Silva (elizabete.silva@ufes.br) on 2015-11-10T18:10:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) DISCLOSURE DE INFORMAÇÃO –.pdf: 947838 bytes, checksum: 827dc04a72f7ce1452ce79251e70c488 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Morgana Andrade (morgana.andrade@ufes.br) on 2015-11-16T19:35:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) DISCLOSURE DE INFORMAÇÃO –.pdf: 947838 bytes, checksum: 827dc04a72f7ce1452ce79251e70c488 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-16T19:35:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) DISCLOSURE DE INFORMAÇÃO –.pdf: 947838 bytes, checksum: 827dc04a72f7ce1452ce79251e70c488 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / O disclosure de informações contábeis já vem sendo estudado há vários anos, principalmente pelo fortalecimento e disseminação de modelos padronizados como o International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). O presente trabalho propôs-se a analisar quais são as caraterísticas dos relatórios de sustentabilidade de duas organizações. O principal intuito foi entender as características do disclosure, analisando esses materiais, as informações disponibilizadas, suas ações, suas práticas de avaliação e monitoramento e a utilização de um dos programas de diretrizes mais conhecidos do mundo, o Global Reporting Initiative - GRI. Foi possível verificar que os relatórios de sustentabilidade, apesar de trazerem diversas informações importantes sobre aspectos ambientais, econômicos e sociais, ainda deixam de trazer informações que permitam uma avaliação mais consistente das ações das organizações nesses três campos, como, por exemplo, dados comparativos e indicadores de impacto que demonstrem a efetividade das ações. / The disclosure of accounting information has already been studied for several years, mainly by strengthening and dissemination of standardized models such as the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). This study aimed to analyze which are the characteristics from the sustainability reports of two companies. The main goal was to understand the disclosure features, analyzing these materials, the information made available, their actions, their assessment and monitoring practices and the use of one of the best guidelines programs known, the Global Reporting Initiative - GRI. It was observed that the sustainability reports, despite bringing important information about environmental, economic and social, yet fail to bring information to enable a more consistent evaluation of the actions of the organizations in these three fields. For example, comparative data and impact indicators that demonstrate the effectiveness of actions.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine whether the prioritization of subject-specific disclosures in Swedish companies' sustainability reports, which report in accordance with GRI Standards, is in line with previous research where GRI standards have been investigated. Theory: The theoretical frame of reference for the study is formed around legitimacy theory, stakeholder theory and institutional theory. Sustainability reporting is a part of the legitimacy-creating activities that are relevant to the explicit as well as implicit demands on companies in society, and companies in similar industries may tend to imitate or resembleeach other by isomorphism. Method: A quantitative research method is used and together with a content analysis meansto study how sector affiliation affects the prioritization of subject-specific disclosures. The priority measurements used in the study are the topic areas Economy, Environment and Social, which are measured through companies’ materiality analysis and GRI-index. The final sample for the study consists of all companies that reported sustainability in accordance with GRI Standards in 2019 in Sweden after sample-loss, which resulted in a total of 72 companiesand 20 sectors. Collection of empirical data has been produced using the GRI Sustainability Disclosure Database. Conclusion: The empirical results indicate a connection between sector affiliation and companies' choice of subject-specific disclosures in Sweden, where at least one of three disclosures must be prioritized for the sustainability report to be prepared in accordance with GRI Standards. The GRI Standards GRI-index and materiality analysis clarify which subjectarea is prioritized. The study shows that the sector division Financial services prioritizes economic sustainability, Transport, communication and services prioritizes social sustainability and the remaining sector divisions prioritize environmental sustainability. The results are largely in line with previous research that examined GRI standards, where similar results regarding this connection have been demonstrated. / Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka huruvida prioriteringen av ämnesspecifika upplysningar i svenska företags hållbarhetsrapporter, som rapporterar i enlighet med GRI Standards, är i fas med tidigare forskning där GRI-standarder undersökts. Teori: Den teoretiska referensramen för studien formas kring legitimitetsteorin, intressentteorin och institutionell teori. Hållbarhetsrapportering är en del av de legitimitetsskapande aktiviteter som är relevanta för de explicita såväl som implicita kraven som finns på företag i samhället, samt att företag inom likartade sektorer kan tendera att härma eller likna varandra genom olika typer av isomorfism.  Metod: En kvantitativ forskningsmetod används för att med en innehållsanalys undersöka hur sektortillhörighet påverkar prioritering av ämnesspecifika upplysningar i företags hållbarhetsrapporter. För att mäta prioritering i denna studie används ämnesområdena Ekonomi, Miljö, och Social, vilka kvantifieras genom företagens väsentlighetsanalys samt GRI-index. Det slutliga urvalet för studien utgörs av alla företag som hållbarhetsrapporterade i enlighet med GRI Standards år 2019 i Sverige efter bortfall, vilket resulterade i totalt 72 företag och 20 sektorer. Insamling av empiri är framtaget med hjälp av databasen GRI Sustainability Disclosure Database.  Slutsats: Det empiriska resultatet tyder på ett samband mellan sektortillhörighet och företagens val av ämnesspecifika upplysningar i Sverige, där minst en av tre upplysningar måste prioriteras för att hållbarhetsrapporten ska vara upprättad i enlighet med GRI Standards. Genom GRI Standards GRI-index och väsentlighetsanalys tydliggörs vilket ämnesområde som prioriteras. Studien visar att sektorindelningen Finansiella tjänster prioriterar ekonomisk hållbarhet, Transport, kommunikation och tjänster prioriterar social hållbarhet och resterande sektorindelningar prioriterar miljömässig hållbarhet. Resultatet är till större del i fas med tidigare forskning som undersökt GRI-standarder, där liknande resultat gällande detta samband påvisats.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability have been rising topics in the contemporary business environment over the recent years and disclosing on sustainability have become increasingly important. While some countries have legislation mandating companies to report CSR, other countries leave the decision of reporting to the companies themselves. There are numerous ways of reporting and communicating on sustainability activity and the quality of the reports can deviate heavily between companies. Theories such as stakeholder theory and legitimacy theory suggest that entities reporting comprehensive responsibility information can achieve better financial results than their non-reporting peers. There has been a myriad of studies conducted on the relationship between corporate social responsibility and corporate financial performance. Despite the great number of research, there have been only a few studies that have investigated the true effect of CSR disclosure. The best way for a company to communicate their sustainable agenda is to disclose it for their stakeholders. Therefore, we took it upon ourselves to fill this research gap by investigating if level of CSR disclosure has a substantial impact on corporate financial performance. We approach CSR reporting from a stakeholder perspective, which to our knowledge have not been done before.  This study examines 189 Finnish companies that are selected from a list of the 500 largest companies in Finland. These companies are divided into the subgroups GRI, CSR, and non-CSR, depending on their level of CSR disclosure. The financial information used in this study are comprised from the time period 2015-2019 and gathered from the database Orbis by Bureu van Dijk. This study investigates if there exists a relationship between level of sustainability reporting and the financial performance ratios ROA, ROE, Sales growth, and Profit margin. We find that there exists a strong positive relationship between the subgroup GRI and ROA and ROE, which implies that companies see a clear financial benefit from providing comprehensive CSR reports. Contrary, we find an increasingly negative relationship with sales growth as level of reporting increases, which suggest that CSR implementations stagnates growth. Profit margin showed a neutral behavior across all three groups. Overall, we conclude that there exists a relationship between the level of CSR reporting and financial performance, but that the results are mixed.

Given the current environmental developments and the poor state of human rights in some countries, sustainability is a necessity, and one of the biggest actors regarding sustainability are companies. Nowadays the companies are obligated by law to present a yearly sustainability report, but this has not always been the case. Given the relative recency of the term sustainability, the purpose of this paper is to analyse and identify changes in sustainability reporting and what the reason(s) of these changes may be. In order to research this we have used a qualitative research strategy, namely a case study. Annual reports and sustainability reports over the span of 16 years, have been read through, in order to establish the empirical data. Due to the current situation regarding COVID-19, the study has unfortunately been limited to an analysis of two companies’ sustainability reporting, and to conduct a document analysis. However this study has shown a change in time where the studied companies included societal and environmental issues in the areas that they and their suppliers affect. In conclusion the companies see agenda 2030 as a method to further legitimize the company and therefore the changes have been made in order to satisfy the goals of agenda 2030.

No description available.

Sammanfattning Examensarbete (kandidat), Företagsekonomi III –organisation, Ekonomihögskolan vid Linnéuniversitetet, 2FE95E, VT2016 Författare: Gofi Aldstam Handledare: John Jeansson Titel: Fördelning i hållbarhetsrapportering- en uppsats om svenska företag och organisationers hållbarhetsrapportering Problem: CSR-rapportering ökar hos företag och organisationer men att rapportera på de tre CSR-perspektiven:socialt, miljömässigt och ekonomiskt är inte tillräckligt. De tre CSR-perspektiven behöver vara jämnt fördelade för att skapa stabila och långsiktiga företag och organisationer som bidrar till ett välmående samhälle. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka, i vilken utsträckning de svenska företag och organisationer rapporterat data avseende alla tre CSR-perspektiven och hur jämn fördelningen mellan de rapporterade CSR-perspektiven är. Syftet är även att undersöka om rapporteringsgraden rörande antal CSR-perspektiv och fördelningen mellan de tre CSR-perspektiven skiljer sig åt, utifrån faktorerna, ägare, marknad och internationell verksamhet. Metod: Studien har en tvärsnittsdesign med kvantitativ ansats. Sekundäranalys användes som metod, då analys gjordes av CSR-rapporter hämtade ur databasen från Global reporting Initiative (GRI). Excel användes för sammanställning av data. Utifrån det teoretiska ramverket analyserades informationen från GRI-databasen. Resultat: Resultatet från denna studie visar att de flesta företag och organisationer rapporterar på alla CSR-perspektiv. Svenska företag och organisationer förefaller ha jämn fördelning mellan CSR-perspektiven. Resultatet skiljer sig inte nämnvärt utifrån faktorerna ägare, marknad och internationell verksamhet förutom rörande rapporteringsgraden för CSR-perspektiven och till viss del rörande fördelningen mellan CSR-perspektiven. Nyckelord: Hållbarhet, CSR, GRI, fördelning, ägare, marknad, internationellt / Abstract Bachelor Thesis, Business Administration III- Organisation, School of Business and Economics, Linnaeus University, 2FE95E, Spring 2016. Author: Gofi Aldstam Supervisor: John Jeansson Title: Distribution within sustainability reporting – a thesis regarding sustainability reporting from Swedish companies and organisations Problem: CSR reporting is increasing within companies and organisations, but to report on three CSR perspectives: socially, environmentally and economically is not enough. The three CSR perspectives need to be evenly distributed to create long-term business and organisations that contribute to a prosperous society. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to examine the extent to which Swedish companies and organisations reported data on all three CSR perspectives and how even distribution between the reported CSR perspectives are. The purpose is also to investigate whether the rate of reporting on the number of CSR perspectives and the distribution between the three CSR perspectives, differ, based on the factors owner, market and international business. Method: The study was a cross-sectional design with quantitative approach. Secondary analysis was used as a method, when the analysis was made by CSR reports retrieved from the database of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). Excel was used for the compilation of data. Based on the theoretical framework information was analyzed from the GRI database. Results: This study shows that most companies and organisations report on all CSR perspectives. Swedish companies and organisations appear to have equal distribution between CSR perspectives. The results do not differ significantly regarding the factors owner, market and international business, except on reporting rate for CSR perspectives and to some extent distribution between CSR perspectives. Key words: Sustainability, CSR, GRI, distribution, owner, market, international

Introduktion Den 1 december 2016 trädde en ändring av årsredovisningslagen (ÅRL, SFS 1995:1554) i kraft vilken innebär att stora företag ska upprätta en hållbarhetsredovisning från och med räkenskapsår efter den 31 december 2016. Påtagliga brister har uppmärksammats i hållbarhetsrapporternas innehåll efter utredningar av det första rapporteringsåret 2017, trots försöket att öka öppenheten. Flera studier har undersökt hållbarhetschefens effekt på hållbarhetsarbetet, däremot har få studier fokuserat på huruvida hållbarhetschefers egenskaper och roller påverkar innehållet och mängden redovisning i hållbarhetsrapporterna. Syfte Syftet är att förklara hur hållbarhetschefers olika egenskaper och roller påverkar innehåll och mängd i svenska noterade företags hållbarhetsrapporter. Metod En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie har genomförts på svenska noterade bolag med en anställd hållbarhetschef. Studien utgår från en deduktiv ansats där hypoteser formulerades med hjälp av Upper Echelon Theory, legitimitetsteori, institutionell teori samt tidigare studier. Datainsamlingen har samlats in genom en dokumentsstudie. Mängden operationaliserades till antal sidor och hållbarhetsrapporternas innehåll med hjälp av en checklista, där elva indikatorer från Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) användes för att bedöma innehållet. Slutsats Studien hittade ett signifikant samband att företag med hållbarhetschefer som suttit en längre tid på posten påverkar innehållet positivt i hållbarhetsrapporterna. Ett signifikant negativt samband hittades även mellan hållbarhetschefer med annat ansvar och innehållet i hållbarhetsrapporterna, det vill säga att innehållet påverkas negativt av att hållbarhetschefen har ett annat ansvar (HR, kommunikation eller marknad) utöver hållbarhet. Om hållbarhetschefen sitter i ledningen finner denna studie inget samband med att innehållet blir bättre i hållbarhetsrapporterna. Resultatet visade att hållbarhetschefers egenskaper och roller inte påverkar mängden redovisning i hållbarhetsrapporterna. / Introduction On December 1st 2016, the Swedish regulation regarding mandatory sustainability reporting was legislated for large companies, starting with financial years after December 31st 2016. The legislation is the first step for companies to be more transparent towards the society. Despite the initiatives, investigations have shown deficiencies in the content of the sustainability reports in the first reporting period. Earlier studies have focused on how sustainability managers affect the sustainability activities. However, only a few studies have focused on how the sustainability managers characteristics and roles affect the number of pages and the content of the sustainability reports.      Aim The aim is to explain how sustainability managers’ characteristics and roles affect the content and number of pages ofSwedish listed companies’ sustainability reports.   Method This study has a quantitative approach with a cross-cultural design and focused on Swedish listed companies with an employed sustainability manager. A deductive approach was used to formulate hypothesis from Upper Echelon Theory, legitimacy theory, institutional theory and earlier studies. This study used archival data in order to collect information about the variables. The variable content was operationalized through a checklist method where eleven GRI-indicators was used to determine the content of the sustainability report.  Conclusion If a sustainability manager has held the position for a longer time, it positively influences the content of the sustainability reports. Furthermore, if the sustainability manager has another responsibility than sustainability issues (HR, communication or marketing) it negatively influences the content of the sustainability reports. If the sustainability manager is a part of the management team, this study finds that it has no effect on the content in the sustainability reports. Sustainability managers’ characteristics and roles does not affect the number of pages in the sustainability report.

Esta pesquisa faz uma avaliação de indicadores ambientais relacionados à geração de créditos de carbono contidos nos relatórios de sustentabilidade de 59 empresas brasileiras listadas no ISE (Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial) e no ICO2 (Índice de Carbono Eficiente), entre maio e setembro de 2011. O objetivo central deste trabalho é identificar e avaliar informações contidas nos relatórios de sustentabilidade pertinentes à potencialidade de realização de projetos de créditos de carbono por meio de Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL) e avaliar a percepção de especialistas sobre o mercado. A metodologia pode ser classificada como pesquisa aplicada; quanto aos objetivos, é exploratória e descritiva; em relação aos procedimentos técnicos, trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Abordou-se o problema sob o aspecto qualitativo por meio de análise de conteúdo. Foi realizada, por meio de entrevista, uma pesquisa qualitativa nas empresas certificadoras de projetos de créditos de carbono, a qual demonstrou outros benefícios proporcionados pelos investimentos socioambientais, como economia de custos, marketing empresarial, certificações, dentre outros. Estima-se que os projetos analisados tenham capacidade de obter receitas de 201,7 milhões de Euros (aproximadamente 450 milhões de reais na época) com a comercialização de créditos de carbono. Apesar deste mercado potencial, aparentemente, as empresas não estão se dedicando ao desenvolvimento de projetos de crédito carbono, muitas vezes limitando suas ações à eficiência energética, reestruturação de habitats degradados e redução de emissão de CO2. Fatos que se associam à produtividade da empresa, enquanto a geração de crédito carbono representa um ganho indireto e de longo prazo. / This research is an assessment of environmental indicators associated with the generation of credit carbon contained in the sustainability reports of 59 Brazilian companies listed on the ISE (Corporate Sustainability Index) and ICO2 Index (Carbon Capture), classified in the period from May to September 2011. The main objective of the study is to identify in sustainability reports published relevant information for assessing the potential for projects of carbon credits through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). The research methodology in relation to type it is an applied research, the aims are exploratory and descriptive. As technical procedures, we used literature and documentary. In addressing the issue joined to the qualitative method for analyzing the content, and the quantitative method, by using descriptive statistics. The information contained in the indicators of environmental performance reports. A qualitative research was conducted in companies that certify carbon credit projects, which showed other interests and other opportunities for environmental investments. It is estimated that the projects analyzed have earning capacity of 201.7 million euros (about 450 million dollars at the time) from the sale of carbon credits. The projects analyzed demonstrated the ability to foster a carbon market with revenues from the sale of carbon credits of around R$ 450 million. Despite this potential market, apparently companies are not engaged in the development of carbon credit projects, limiting their actions to energy efficiency, restructuring of degraded habitats and reduction of CO2 emissions. Fact that we associate with an immediate connection with the company\'s productivity, while generating carbon credit represents an indirect gain and long term.