The Swedish armed forces are facing a change, a change in both organization and profession. From a conscript military service system, the Swedish Armed Forces has changed to having full-time contracted soldiers. Conscript military service has a history of over a hundred years; it was introduced in 1901 and has survived two world wars and the Cold War. The Swedish armed forces have changed to have contracted soldiers. My reflection is whether the armed forces really have had time for this changes that the new professionalization has meant. Today the Swedish armed forces consists of contracted soldiers, soldiers who are employed full time and costs the armed forces a lot of money. It's too expensive to have the same number of soldiers now compared to the older system in the defense against invasion by conscript soldiers. This has enabled us with a lower mass and cannot always perform the same tasks as we could before. In this study, I will analyze if the professionalization really needs changes in the approach, and how these changes have been met by the Swedish armed services.

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¡@¡@In recent year, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ¡]OFDM¡^ technology has been widely used in high-speed communication systems. One primary reason for the popularity of OFDM is its ability to provide good performance in multi-path channels than the other systems through the use of Guard interval(GI). By using the Guard interval, it can convert these inter-symbol interference (ISI) channels into ISI-free channels. But Guard interval without any information will caused inter-channel interference. In order to solve this problem, a guard interval using cyclic prefix (CP) is inserted to avoid inter-symbol interference from the adjacent symbols and inter-channel interference from other sub-channels. However, using long cyclic prefix will decrease the transmission rate, reduce the spectral efficiency, and increase the signal-to-noise power ratio¡]SNR¡^loss. If we choose a shorter one, the channel length may be longer than the cyclic prefix. The interference caused by insufficient cyclic prefix can seriously degrade the performance of OFDM systems. In order to solve this problem, a time domain equalizer¡]TEQ¡^is usually used in the receiver to shorten the channel length of OFDM transmission system, and therefore minimize the ISI and ICI. However, because of its high complexity, the optimum design of TEQ is hard to realize. ¡@¡@So we use an iterative channel estimation technique between time domain and frequency domain to mitigate the ISI and ICI which is caused by insufficient cyclic prefix. The iterative technique can remove ISI and hold the circular convolution property. By utilizing the iterative technique we can improve the channel estimation performance as the OFDM symbol used sufficient cyclic prefix. ¡@¡@In the computer simulations, we consider the worst case that the OFDM symbol is transmitted without guard interval. The results show that our proposed method can effectively suppress residual ISI. The comparison between our proposed method including both proposed channel estimation¡]PCE¡^and proposed data demodulation¡]PDD¡^, decision feedback channel estimation¡]DFCE¡^, avoid ISI preamble channel estimation¡]AISIP¡^, and residual ISI cancellation¡]RISIC¡^algorithm are made in this thesis. Finally, the performance improvement of the proposed algorithm under several channel conditions is considered and compared with other algorithms.

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Object-oriented programming has had a significant impact on software development because it provides programmers with a clear structure of a large system. It encapsulates data and operations into objects, groups objects into classes and dynamically binds operations to program code. With the emergence of multi-core processors, application developers have to explore concurrent programming to take full advantage of multi-core technology. However, when it comes to concurrent programming, object-oriented programming remains elusive as a useful programming tool. Most object-oriented programming languages do have some extensions for concurrency, but concurrency is implemented independently of objects: for example, concurrency in Java is managed separately with the Thread object. We employ a programming model called Lime that combines action systems tightly with object-oriented programming and implements concurrency by extending classes with actions and guarded methods. This provides programmers with a unified and straightforward design view for a concurrent object-oriented program. In this work, using coroutines with guarded methods and actions is proposed as a means of implementing the concurrency extension for objects. Mapping objects to coroutines can result in stack overflow as the number of objects increases. A dynamically segmented stack mechanism, which does not introduce runtime overhead, is implemented to support large-scale concurrency. Since Lime allows guarded methods and actions to "get stuck," a new user-level cooperative scheduler, and a fast coroutine context switch mechanism are implemented to improve the performance. Compared with the traditional segmented stack mechanisms, the new dynamically segmented stack mechanism gets equal performance for more common scenarios. Besides, it outperforms the contemporary stack mechanisms for deep recursion scenarios. Above all, Lime does not only provide the programmers with a unified and straightforward object-oriented programming model for concurrency, but also accomplishes a better performance than concurrent programming languages such as Erlang and Go, in fine-grained, highly concurrent benchmarks. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The National Guard in America began in the Revolutionary War. The Texas units resulted from the earlier concept and emerged in 1835 to resist Mexican oppression. Following achievement of statehood, Texas militiamen served in the Mexican War, the Civil War, and the Spanish-American War. As the twentieth century began, Texans had a long history of service in reserve military organizations in spite of a prevailing attitude of contempt for citizen soldiers held by influential regular army officials.

The purpose of this study was to determine the various values that may be contaminating the military's communication and to describe the predominant levels of psychological existence. The design of the study involved a National Guard battalion that was composed of 432 personnel. The sample drawn was 280. Data was collected through the use of a values test. Comparisons of the differing scores of demographic variables formed the bases of the conclusions drawn in the study. The results were highly significant at the .0001 level. The data indicate much support to the past research done in the field of Value System Analysis. Much research is yet needed to fully describe the value levels in all military organizations. This investigation is the beginning.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the current legal regulations of public guards and outline possibilities of its development de lege ferenda. This thesis consists of 7 chapters (including the introduction and conclusion), and these chapters are further divided into subsections. After the introduction follows chapter, which defines the basic concepts (public guards and environmental protection). The third chapter deals with the historical development of public guards. In the fourth, the largest chapter of this work is comprehensively described, analyzed and as knowledge of the practice confronted by applicable law of public guards. The following chapter deals with a brief insight into foreign legal regulations of environmental protection (France, Italy). The sixth chapter presents legal regulations de lege ferenda. In conclusion, there are actually assessed, identified and summarized considerations de lege ferenda.

SyfteSyftet med studien är att undersöka translationella accelerationer och rotationsaccelerationer hos huvudet vid lätt sparring hos manliga ungdomsboxare samt hur dessa påverkas av slagens acceleration, hastighet, slagteknik, träffområde och blockerande guard.MetodUrvalet baserades på fyra manliga ungdomsboxare tillhörande viktklass -60 kg och -77 kg. Tandskyddssensorer (Hybrid Mouthguard, Prevent Biometrics, USA) och handledsaccelerometrar (Corner Wearables Ltd. U.K.) användes för att mäta accelerationer i huvudet respektive slaghastighet och slagacceleration. Testupplägget bestod av 15 minuter individuell uppvärmning och två ronder a’ 3 minuter per rond på 50 % intensitetsnivå. Pearsons korrelationstest har använts för att undersöka samband och independent-samples t-test har använts för att mäta skillnader.ResultatEtt starkt positivt samband uppmättes mellan translationell acceleration och rotationsacceleration (r = 0,75; p < 0,001) hos huvudet. Inget signifikant samband upptäcktes mellan träff med/utan blockerande guard gällande translationella accelerationer (t = -0,09; p = 0,93) eller rotationsaccelerationer (t = -0,80; p = 0,43) hos huvudet.SlutsatserInget signifikant samband upptäcktes mellan uppmätt slaghastighet och translationella accelerationer hos huvudet eller mellan slaghastighet och rotationsaccelerationer hos huvudet. Ett starkt signifikant samband mellan translationella accelerationer och rotationsaccelerationer hos huvudet. Kollisionerna kännetecknades av de kinematiska egenskaperna som indikerar potentiella skaderisker. Det krävs mätningar i större omfattning för att undersöka de potentiella effekterna av upprepade subkonkusiva slag, då samtliga kollisioner låg under de tidigare uppsatta gränsvärderna för milda hjärnskador. / PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the translational and rotational accelerations from head impacts during low intensity sparring bouts among competitive teen boxers and how they are affected by punch velocity, acceleration, punch type, impact locations and a defending guard.MethodsFour male competitive teen boxers in the -60 kg and -77 kg weight classes participated in the study. Mouthguard accelerometers (Hybrid Mouthguard, Prevent Biometrics, USA) and wrist accelerometers (Corner Wearables Ltd. U.K.) were equipped to measure the accelerations to the head as well as the punch velocity and punch accelerations. The test battery included 15 minutes of individually chosen warm-ups and two sparring rounds at three minutes each at an intensity of 50 %. Pearson’s correlation test was used to examine the relationships between variables and independent-samples t-test was used to compare means.ResultsA strong correlation was found between translational acceleration and rotational acceleration (r = 0,750) (p < 0,001). No significant relationship was found between the translational and rotational accelerations of a clean punch to the head and a punch to the guard (t = -0,09, p = 0,93 (t = -0,80, p = 0,43).ConclusionsNo significant relationship between punch velocity and translational accelerations or between punch velocity and rotational accelerations of punches to the head. This result emphasizes the need of defensive movements to further avoid the risks of punches to the head. There was a strong correlation between translational accelerations and rotational acceleration. The kinematic properties of the head impacts could indicate potential injuries to the head during sparring even at lower intensities. Even though none of the impacts surpassed the 25 % probability threshold for brain injury, more extensive research is needed to evaluate the potential risks of sub concussive impacts.