Submitted by Helena Bejio (helena.bejio@unioeste.br) on 2017-11-16T22:45:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Sarah Maria Hoppen 2017.pdf: 773988 bytes, checksum: 54b7784e5987fc7f5a70f27152d52cb7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-16T22:45:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Sarah Maria Hoppen 2017.pdf: 773988 bytes, checksum: 54b7784e5987fc7f5a70f27152d52cb7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Temperate forages are widely used in cold regions as a form of nutritious and inexpensive food to the producer, often in a consortium manner in order to increase their productivity. However, this activity must be studied to prove its effectiveness. So this is the objective of this study, in order to evaluate the structural, productive and nutritional characteristics of these forages, in single or intercropping cultivation. The study was conducted between April and August 2015, in a randomized complete block design, with five treatments, four replicates and three plots subdivided in time. The treatments were: AE - white oat IPR Esmeralda, AP - black oat IAPAR 61, T - forage triticale Tpolo 981, AE (T) - white oat + forage triticale, and AP (T) - black oat + forage triticale. The evaluations occurred at 46, 82 and 119 days post emergence (DPE), representing the three evaluation periods. There was a productive difference (P <0.05) between treatments AP and AE (T) in the last period, at which time all treatments presented decreases in number of live leaves (NFV) and tillers per plant, and rate of appearance and Tiller survival. The consortium favored the increase of the apical meristem and survival of tillers of white oats in the last period, compared to their single use, as well as increasing plant height in the final third, and favored higher NFV of black oat IAPAR 61 in the second period, while reducing population density. The longevity of the forage triticale can be observed in NFV and population density higher than the others at the end of the experiment. All species showed excellent quality, increasing the dry matter (DM) concentration as a function of time, reaching 22.98%. Protein was higher in the treatments AP, AP (T) and T, with averages of 18.46%, 18.80% and 19.93%, respectively. The organic matter did not differ between the means in the treatments, increasing gradually in the time, unlike the total digestible nutrients, that maintained average of 79.69%. The fibrous components (FDNcp and FDAp) presented higher concentrations in AE and AE (T), compared to the others. FDNcp, as well as hemicellulose, presented a gradual increase throughout the study. The cellulose was constant in all aspects, being related to lignin, which differed only between the periods, with superiority of the third (2.03%) in relation to the second (1.77%). The in vitro digestibility of DM presented a general decrease in concentration as a function of time, with values between 68.29% and 88.10%. Among the minerals K was higher in the first period, with a gradual decrease over time. The treatments containing AE presented the lowest concentrations of P, Zn and Mn. All minerals have met the plant requirements, however, mineral supplementation is indicated for grass-fed animals only. Due to the increase of unwanted structures, such as stalk and dead material, the emerald white IPR oats had their nutritional quality reduced, nevertheless, presenting values within the indicated for animal feed. Oats, when unmarried, can be supplied to animals from June to early September, and can be combined with triticale to increase longevity. / As forrageiras de clima temperado são amplamente utilizadas em regiões frias como forma de alimento nutritivo e barato ao produtor, muitas vezes de maneira consorciada objetivando aumentar sua produtividade. Contudo, tal atividade deve ser estudada para comprovação da efetividade, sendo este o objetivo deste estudo, de maneira a avaliar as características estruturais, produtivas e nutricionais destas forrageiras, em cultivo solteiro ou consorciado. O estudo foi realizado entre abril e agosto de 2015, em um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos, quatro repetições e três parcelas subdividas no tempo. Os tratamentos foram: AE – aveia branca IPR Esmeralda, AP – aveia preta IAPAR 61, T – triticale forrageiro Tpolo 981, AE(T) – aveia branca + triticale forrageiro, e AP(T) – aveia preta+ triticale forrageiro. As avaliações ocorreram aos 46, 82 e 119 dias pós-emergência (DPE), representando os três períodos de avaliação. Houve diferença produtiva (P<0,05) entre os tratamentos AP e AE(T) no último período, momento em que todos os tratamentos apresentaram quedas do número de folhas vivas (NFV) e de perfilhos por planta, e taxa de aparecimento e sobrevivência de perfilhos. O consórcio favoreceu o aumento do meristema apical e sobrevivência de perfilhos da aveia branca no último período, em comparação com seu uso solteiro. Assim como aumentou a altura de planta no terço final, e favoreceu maior NFV da aveia preta IAPAR 61 no segundo período, enquanto reduziu a densidade populacional. A perenidade do triticale forrageiro pode ser observada no NFV e densidade populacional superiores aos demais ao final do experimento. Todas as espécies apresentaram qualidade excelente, com aumento da concentração de matéria seca (MS) em função do tempo, chegando aos 22,98%. A proteína foi maior nos tratamentos AP, AP(T) e T, com médias de 18,46%, 18,80% e 19,93%, respectivamente. A matéria orgânica não diferiu entre as médias nos tratamentos, aumentando gradativamente no tempo, ao contrário dos nutrientes digestíveis totais, que mantiveram média de 79,69%. Os componentes fibrosos (FDNcp e FDAp) apresentaram concentrações maiores em AE e AE(T), comparados aos demais. O FDNcp, assim como a hemicelulose apresentou aumento gradativo ao longo do estudo. A celulose foi constante em todos os aspectos, estando relacionada à lignina, que diferiu somente entre os períodos, com superioridade do terceiro (2,03%) em relação ao segundo (1,77%). A digestibilidade in vitro da MS apresentou queda geral de concentração em função do tempo, com valores entre 68,29% e 88,10%. Dentre os minerais o K foi superior no primeiro período, com queda gradativa ao longo do tempo. Os tratamentos contendo AE apresentaram as menores concentrações de P, Zn e Mn. Todos os minerais atenderam as exigências vegetais, contudo, indica-se suplementação mineral aos animais mantidos somente a pasto. Devido ao aumento de estruturas indesejadas, como colmo e material morto, a aveia branca IPR esmeralda teve sua qualidade nutricional reduzida, ainda assim, apresentando valores dentro do indicado para alimentação animal. As aveias, quando solteiras, podem ser fornecidas aos animais entre o período de junho a início de setembro, podendo ser consorciadas com triticale para aumento da perenidade.

In this thesis I present three essays that explore various economic situations on strategic choices from different perspectives: the individuals’ strategic decision to work on the informal/formal sector, the US strategic decision on the provision of foreign aid, and the firm’s strategic decision to engage in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The first essay presents an analysis on the effect of income taxes and its effect on worker’s transitions towards informality. We find that an increase in average tax rate leads to a statistically significant increase in transitions towards informality for women and those with low incomes. The second essay offers evidence of how patterns of US foreign aid to Latin America differ from aid allocation observed elsewhere. We find that while political institutions and events in recipient countries greatly influence US aid allocations, the ideological orientation of US administrations can explain part of the divergent patters of aid towards Latin America. Finally, the third essay studies two possible mechanisms that affect the decision of a firm to engage in CSR: the role of growth in value added and workers’ preferences. The results suggest that firms engage in CSR in times of economic prosperity; peer effects are increasingly important in a firm’s decision to engage in CSR when the proportion of firms within an industry increases. And finally, I find a weak link between workers’ preferences and a firm’s decision to engage in CSR activities related with diversity.

I’ve made my own currency, created my own wealth. This work is a metaphor for the acquisitiveness that rules and affect our time. I’m thinking about the capitalistic culture where wealth out- weighs everything else. I see it as denial of true values. Money is an illusion that we as a society have let dictate the worlds distribution of rights, as well as its responsibilities. I want to create the same illusion of value, and through that, possibly have created something valuable. The moment when the existing and non-existing blends together. I see it as my mission to bend our conceptions of materiality. I almost exclusively use recycled materials in my practice, because I can. The materials are there, and I see them. This figuration of stacks, made of different materials trough different techniques, might give all materials equal worth and cancel out the hierarchy of values. / <p>Opponent vid examinering: Åsa Elzén</p>

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou plazmového nanášení bioaktivních keramických povlaků hydroxylapatitu s využitím technologie radio-frekvenčně buzeného indukčně vázaného plazmatu. Cílem bylo optimalizovat proces a nanést kompaktní hydroxylapatitové povlaky na substráty z titanové slitiny Ti6Al4V. Nanesené vzorky byly následně podrobeny analýzám povrchové drsnosti, mikrostruktury a fázového složení. Ze získaných výsledků byly vyvozeny závěry, které byly srovnány s dalšími odbornými pracemi zabývajícími se příbuznou problematikou.

No description available.

This study delves into the relationship between Dynamic Game Difficulty Balance and Game User Experience in the context of puzzle games. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of DGDB on user experience in puzzle games, focusing on player engagement, immersion, and the occurrence of a-ha moment. To this end, the researchers conducted a control group experiment and analyzed the results both quantitatively and qualitatively based on participants' objective data during the game and subjective responses in the post-game questionnaire. The findings suggest that DGDB has the potential to increase player engagement and satisfaction, but the impact is modest, as evidenced by higher completion rates and flow channels in puzzle games. We explored the impact of the DGDB system on a-ha moment and the results were mixed. However, it is clear that the relationship between DGDB and puzzles is a delicate one, with players' preferences and perceptions varying.

In real life, immediately after joint replacement, the artificial joint is actually bathed in blood (and clotted blood) instead of synovial fluid. Blood contains large molecules and cells of size ~ 5 to 20 2m suspended in plasma and considered to be a non-Newtonian (pseudoplastic) fluid with density of 1060 Kg/m3 and viscosity ~ 0.01 Pas at shear rates of 3000 s-1 (as obtained in this work). The effect of these properties on friction and lubrication is not fully understood and, so far to our knowledge, hardly any studies have been carried out regarding friction of metal-on-metal bearings with various clearances in the presence of lubricants such as blood or a fluid containing macromolecules such as hyaluronic acid (HA) which is a major component of synovial fluid increasing its viscosity and lubricating properties. In this work, therefore, we have investigated the frictional behaviour of a group of Smith and Nephew Birmingham Hip Resurfacing implants with a nominal diameter of 50mm and diametral clearances in the range ~ 80 2m to 300 2m, in the presence of blood (clotted and whole blood), a combination of bovine serum (BS) with hyaluronic acid (HA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC, as gelling agent) adjusted to a range of viscosities (~0.001-0.2 Pas), and bovine serum with CMC adjusted to a similar range of viscosities. These results suggested that reduced clearance bearings have the potential to generate high friction especially in the presence of blood which is indeed the in vivo lubricant in the early weeks after implantation. Friction factors in higher clearance bearings were found to be lower than those of the lower clearance bearings using blood as the lubricant. Similar trends, i.e. increase in friction factor with reduction in diametral clearance, were found to be also the case using a combination of BS+CMC or BS+HA+CMC as lubricants having viscosities in the range 0.1-0.2 and 0.03-0.14 Pas, respectively. On the other hand, all the lubricants with lower viscosities in the range 0.001-0.0013 and 0.001-0.013 Pas for both BS+CMC and BS+HA+CMC, respectively, showed the opposite effect, i.e. caused an increase in friction factor with increase in diametral clearance. Another six large diameter (50mm nominal) BHR deflected prostheses with various clearances (~ 50-2802m after cup deflection) were friction tested in vitro in the presence of blood and clotted blood to study the effect of cup deflection on friction. It was found that the biological lubricants caused higher friction factors at the lower diametral clearances for blood and clotted blood as clearance decreased from 2802m to 502m (after deflection). The result of this investigation has suggested strongly that the optimum clearance for the 50 mm diameter MOM BHR implants to be ¿1502m and <2352m when blood lubricant used, so as to avoid high frictions (i.e. avoid friction factors >0.2) and be able to accommodate a mixed lubrication mode and hence lower the risk of micro- or even macro-motion specially immediately after hip implantation. These suggested optimum clearances will also allow for low friction (i.e. friction factors of <0.2-0.07) and reasonable lubrication (dominantly mixed regime) for the likely cup deflection occurring as a result of press-fit fixation. / Smith & Nephew Orthopaedics Ltd.

No description available.

This thesis investigates the market rules of the European carbon market (EU ETS) during 2005-2007. We provide theoretical and empirical analyses of banking and borrowing provisions, price drivers and risk hedging strategies attached to tradable quotas, which were introduced to cover the CO2 emissions of around 10,600 installations in Europe.In Chapter 1, we outline the economic and environmental effects of banking and borrowing on tradable permits markets. More specifically, we examine the banking and borrowing provisions adopted in the EU ETS, and the effects of banning banking between Phases I and II on CO2 price changes. We show statistically that the low levels of CO2 prices recorded until the end of Phase I may be explained by the restriction on the inter-period tranfer of allowances, besides the main explanations that were identified by market observers.In Chapter 2, we identify the carbon price drivers since the launch of the EU ETS on January 1, 2005. We emphasize the central role played by the 2005 yearly compliance event imposed by the European Commission in revealing the net short/long position at the installation level in terms of allowances allocated with respect to verified emissions. The main result of this study features that price drivers of CO2 allowances linked to energy market prices and unanticipated weather events vary around institutional events. Moreover, we show the influence of the variation of industrial production in three sectors covered by the EU ETS on CO2 price changes by applying a disentangling analysis, that has also been extended at the country-level.In Chapter 3, we focus on the risk hedging strategies linked to holding CO2 allowances. By using a methodology applied on stock markets, we recover the changes in investors' average risk aversion. This study shows that, during the time period considered, risk aversion has been higher on the carbon market than on the stock market, and that the risk is linked to an increasing price structure after the 2006 compliance event. With reference to Chapter 1, we finally evaluate how banking may be used as a risk management tool in order to cope with political uncertainty on a tradable permits market. We detail an optimal risk-sharing rule, and discuss the possibility of pooling the risk linked to allowance trading between agents.Overall, this thesis highlights the inefficiencies following the creation of the European carbon market that prevented the emergence of a price signal leading to effective emissions reductions by industrials. However, in a changing institutional environment, these inefficiencies do not seem to have been transfered to the period 2008-2012.

Tras la acción de un sismo, es frecuente encontrarnos con estructuras de hormigón armado que llegan al colapso o quedan fuera de servicio debido al daño sufrido en los elementos estructurales de la misma. Con el fin de reforzar las estructuras susceptibles de sufrir daños importantes, o bien reparar las estructuras que ya los han sufrido, surgen diferentes técnicas de refuerzo, destacando el empleo de angulares y presillas metálicas como una de las técnicas de refuerzo de soportes de hormigón armado más utilizada a nivel mundial. No obstante, en la actualidad no existen investigaciones que hayan tratado el comportamiento frente a carga cíclica de nudos interiores viga-columna de HA cuando el soporte es reforzado con esta técnica. Considerando la necesidad del estudio de este refuerzo, se planteó la investigación ¿Estudio experimental y numérico de nudos viga-soporte y losa-soporte en pilares de HA reforzados¿, financiada por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España, con cargo al proyecto de investigación BIA 2008-06268. Dicha investigación se desarrollada en el Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Hormigón (ICITECH) de la Universitat Politècnica de València. Esta Tesis Doctoral se engloba dentro este proyecto de investigación, y pretende ser una continuación al trabajo desarrollado por Gimenez (2007), Adam (2007) y Garzón-Roca (2013). El objetivo de la presente Tesis Doctoral es conocer el comportamiento de estos nudos frente a cargas cíclicas. Para ello, se ha realizado un estudio experimental constituido por 20 ensayos de nudos interiores viga-columna a escala real, como parte representativa del comportamiento sísmico de una estructura porticada de HA. La geometría y armado de los especímenes, han sido diseñados según construcciones habituales de edificación proyectadas únicamente frente a cargas gravitatorias, sin detalles sísmicos y bajo el concepto de viga fuerte-columna débil. El refuerzo de las columnas se ha ejecutado con angulares y presillas metálicas, y se han probado varias formas de conexión entre las columnas a través del nudo, que a su vez sirve como refuerzo de éste. Se han obtenido diferencias importantes en los ensayos realizados en función del tipo empleado conexión columna-nudo, del tipo de armado de las vigas, y de la combinación de cargas aplicadas sobre los especímenes. Por tanto, el programa experimental desarrollado ha permitido estudiar las pautas de comportamiento frente a cargas cíclicas de los elementos reforzados en su conjunto. Asimismo, ha permitido estudiar las mejoras en el comportamiento a cortante del nudo interior viga-columna. / Ruiz Pinilla, JG. (2013). Estudio experimental de nudos interiores viga-columna de entramados de hormigón armado con detalles no-dúctiles, con columnas reforzadas mediante angulares y presillas de acero, sometidos a cargas cíclicas [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/33752 / Premios Extraordinarios de tesis doctorales