A Hepatite Autoimune (HAI) é uma doença inflamatória crônica oriunda de autoimunidade, ocasionando fibrose hepática. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar possíveis inter-relações entre HLA-G, BAMBI e processos inflamatórios/fibrogênicos hepáticos na Hepatite Autoimune, tanto em biópsias de pacientes pré quanto póstratamento com imunossupressores. Foram selecionadas noventa e cinco biópsias de pacientes do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto diagnosticados com HAI, associados ou não a depósitos de ferro no fígado. As biópsias foram submetidas à imuno-histoquímica para marcação das proteínas HLAG e BAMBI. As estatísticas foram determinadas pelos testes Mann-Whitney e correlação de Spearman. A expressão de HLA-G e de BAMBI se apresentou aumentados conforme o agravamento da inflamação e fibrose em pacientes pré- tratamento com boa ou má resposta ao tratamento. No entanto, a expressão de HLAG e de BAMBI foi reduzida nas biópsias pós-tratamento apenas nos pacientes bom respondedores (diminuição da fibrose). Não houve quaisquer relações entre as quantificações de HLA-G e BAMBI com o número de plasmócitos ou com depósitos de ferro no fígado tanto em pacientes pré quanto pós-tratamento. Os resultados sugerem que tanto HLA-G quanto BAMBI são imunorreguladores sensíveis à intensidade do processo inflamatório no fígado, tendo suas expressões aumentadas ou diminuídas de acordo com a demanda por substâncias que regulem compostos e células imunológicas na HAI. Sugerem também que o infiltrado plasmocitário não é regulado diretamente pelo HLA-G ou BAMBI, e que os depósitos de ferro no fígado não são capazes de influenciar nem o grau inflamatório, nem as expressões de HLAG e BAMBI. / Autoimmune Hepatitis (HAI) is a chronic inflammatory disease originating from autoimmunity, causing liver fibrosis. The objective of this study was to verify possible interrelations between HLA-G, BAMBI and inflammatory / fibrogenic hepatic processes in Autoimmune Hepatitis, both in pre and post-treatment immunosuppressive biopsies. Ninety-five biopsies of patients from the Clinical Hospital of the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto diagnosed with HAI, associated or not with iron deposits in the liver, were selected. Biopsies were submitted to immunohistochemistry for the labeling of HLA-G and BAMBI proteins. The statistics were determined by the Mann-Whitney tests and Spearman\'s correlation. The expression of HLA-G and BAMBI was increased as worsening of inflammation and fibrosis in pre-treatment patients with good or poor response to treatment. However, the expression of HLA-G and BAMBI was reduced in post-treatment biopsies only in patients with good responders (decreased fibrosis). There were no relationships between the quantifications of HLA-G and BAMBI with the number of plasma cells or with liver iron deposits in both pre and post-treatment patients. The results suggest that both HLA-G and BAMBI are immunoregulators sensitive to the intensity of the inflammatory process in the liver, their expressions being increased or decreased according to the demand for substances that regulate immune cells and compounds in HAI. They also suggest that plasmacytic infiltrate is not directly regulated by HLA-G or BAMBI, and that the liver iron deposits are not capable of influencing either the inflammatory grade or the expressions of HLA-G and BAMBI.

After developing for a century, science fictions and movies are becoming huge culture enterprises in Europe and America. But in Taiwan, the audiences and readers are only interested in special effect Hollywood movies or comics, science fictions are still considered deduction novels and being put aside. Writers don¡¦t want to invest their time to initiate a science fiction, but Hwang-Hai does. Hwang-Hai had TB since he was young. He dropped out from school at grade 8 to fight the disease. Beyond his sickness, he kept learning and practicing writing, and making a profit from payment of written to improve his family finance. He started his science fiction writing when he was 26 years old, and kept on writing until now, for 40 years. His creation list is just like an epitome of Taiwan science fiction literature history. He was an ascetic monk of science fiction writing, walking haltingly, alone on his way, kept standing on and became evergreen of science literature among Taiwan writers. TB like the shadow following Hwang-Hai during his adolescent, but he kept on learning and writing. At age 31, he passed high school educational authenticate exam and joint college entrance examination, accomplished his dream on college study. After age 40, he won a lot award on literature and his achievement is approved by literary circles. Hwang-Hai¡¦s writing includes literary novels, prose, columns, science articles, and adult and children science fictions. The author wants to build up the interaction between science evolutions and the developing history of science fictions by historical analysis, and tries to establish the relationship among scientific hermeneutics, sociology, arts, psychology and philology by theoretical research, and studies the details of his creations one by one on literature text, to posit his role in science literature history of Taiwan. Keywords: Science fiction, Hwang-Hai, Robot, UFO, time machine, Scientific Hermeneutics.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-08-05T13:52:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Renata Santiago Alberto Carlos.pdf: 1449902 bytes, checksum: e7a95db4b4c56f516c350e9c2b885966 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-05T13:52:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Renata Santiago Alberto Carlos.pdf: 1449902 bytes, checksum: e7a95db4b4c56f516c350e9c2b885966 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico, CNPq. / Toxoplasma gondii is an obrigatory intracelular parasite that has the felids as definitive host (DH) and the homoeothermic animals as intermediary hosts (IH). The infection occurs by ingesting sporulated oocysts that were eliminated in DH feces, by bradyzoites when ingested by IH meat or by tachyzoites when occur vertical transmission. In this study, 529 canine blood samples were collected, 120 at the municipality of Itabuna, and 409 at the municipality of Ilh?us. All blood samples of Itabuna were consisted of animals from domiciled urban areas. From Ilh?us, 96 were domiciled from urban areas, 135 were urban but strayed dogs from Centre for Zoonosis Control (CZC) and 178 were domiciled and from rural area. The Indirect hemagglutination test was used to test the presence of anti-T. gondii and a questionnaire were applied to the domiciled dog owners to analyze risk factors associated to the infection. From all 529 dogs, 193 were positive (36.5%). At Ilh?us 37.7% (154/255) and at Itabuna 32.5% (39/81) of animals were positive. The risk factors associated to the infection were localization, rural dogs had higher chance than urban (p=0.001), the behavior, the strayed urban dogs had more chance than the urban domiciled dogs (p=0.01), home-made food and meat ingestion (p= 0.034 and 0.027 respectively), race, the undefined race dogs had more risk (p=0.0001) and age, were the animals under five years old had a higher risk to the infection (p=0.009). The presence of veterinary assistance was considered as a protection factor. The logistic regression confirmed the habitat and age of the animals as the main risk factor associsted with the infection. / Toxoplasma gondii ? um parasito intracelular obrigat?rio que tem como hospedeiro definitivo membros da fam?lia Felidae e animais homeot?rmicos como hospedeiros intermedi?rios. A infec??o se d? pela ingest?o de oocistos esporulados eliminados nas fezes dos felinos, pela ingest?o de bradizo?tos nos tecidos dos HI ou ainda pela transmiss?o vertical de taquizo?tos. Neste estudo coletou-se sangue de 529 c?es, sendo 120 do munic?pio de Itabuna e 409 de Ilh?us. Todos os animais de Itabuna eram urbanos domiciliados. Dentre os c?es de Ilh?us, 96 eram urbanos domiciliados, 135 eram urbanos errantes provenientes do Centro de Controle de Zoonoses (CCZ), e 178 eram rurais domiciliados. Foi realizado o Teste de Hemaglutina??o Indireta (HAI) para analisar a presen?a de anticorpos anti-T.gondii e um question?rio foi aplicado junto aos propriet?rios dos animais domiciliados para avalia??o dos principais fatores de risco associados ? infec??o. Do total de 529 c?es, 193 foram positivos (36,5%). No munic?pio de Ilh?us 37,7% (154/255) e em Itabuna 32,5% (39/81) foram positivos. Os fatores de risco associados ? infec??o foram o habitat, onde os animais rurais tiveram maior risco do que os urbanos (p=0,001), o modo de vida, em que os animais urbanos errantes tiveram maior risco do que os urbanos domiciliados (p=0,01), ingest?o de comida caseira e de carne (p= 0,034 e 0,027, respectivamente), ra?a apresentando os SRD com maior risco (p=0,0001) e idade onde os animais acima de cinco anos tiveram maior risco (p=0,009). A presen?a de orienta??o do M?dico Veterin?rio se mostrou fator de prote??o (p=0,002). A regress?o log?stica confirmou como principais fatores de risco a idade e o habitat dos animais do estudo

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本研究採用美國國家不動產經紀人協會（National Association of Realtors；NAR）編制的房屋購買力指數（Housing Affordability Index，簡稱HAI）來衡量近年來台灣地區房屋購買力變化的情況。 實證結果顯示，在各縣市中，92年度桃園區之民眾的HAI指數可望突破1，為各區購屋能力首先達到標準的縣市。但預期未來房地產回溫以及房貸利率在93年初觸底回升之後，各區將面臨到購屋能力惡化的情形。此外，在所得差距持續拉大的情況下，位於不同所得級距之民眾購屋能力的差距已拉大為四至六倍之間，其中又以高雄區與台南區貧富之間的購屋力指數差距最大。 在敏感性分析分析方面，房貸利率與房價的變動和HAI指數是呈反向變動的關係，而所得則與HAI呈正向變動，與過去各實證結果一致。而在三個變數之中，房價的下降與所得的增加，對HAI指數的提昇最為明顯。但近年來因為利率變動的幅度遠超過於房價與所得變動的幅度，因此近幾年HAI指數的提昇，主要是反映房貸利率的下降。 此外，本研究透過Logit模型來研究家戶特徵對於購屋能力的影響為何。實證結果方面，若以總括來看或分區討論之結果有相當大之差異，例如在本研究中，除就業人口數、經濟戶長性別、教育程度與從業身分以外，其餘變數像是層別、家庭組織型態、經濟戶長婚姻狀態以及所從事之行業，台灣區實證結果與各區有相當大的出入。 在各區呈現顯著正向關係的變數有戶內人口數（新竹區除外）、就業人口數、經濟戶長年齡（除新竹區、台中區近年與台南區89年以前之外）、教育程度、經濟戶長是否為雇主。值得注意的是，經濟戶長為雇主此一變數之係數在85年或86年有大幅下降的情況(台南區除外)，近年則因利率不斷調降而使雇主與非雇主間的購屋能力差距下降。 而大致呈現不顯著的變數有層別（鄉村相較於城鎮）、家庭組織型態、經濟戶長性別、經濟戶長已婚與否、經濟戶長行業（除台北市與高雄區無業之經濟戶長）。其中在家庭組織型態方面，各區近年來有單親家庭或單人家庭之購屋能力較普通家庭差的現象產生。 其餘變數則因地區的不同而有不同的實證結果。在都市化層別方面，新竹區、台中區、台南區居住在城市的家戶相較於居住在城鎮的家戶，其較有能力負擔該區中價位的房子，而台北縣、桃園區、高雄區則無差別；居住在城鎮或鄉村之家戶，除以台灣區來觀察有差別以外，各區皆家戶購屋能力皆無顯著之差別。 台北市、台北縣、高雄區有自用住宅之家戶較無自用住宅之家戶有能力負擔該區中價位之房子；桃園區、新竹區、台中區為不顯著之正相關；台南區歷年則呈現負的不顯著，有可能暗示台南區家戶即使擁有自用住宅，也面臨著房貸本息負擔過重之問題。

Tonic arterial smooth muscle can produce strong contractions indefinitely by formation of slowly cycling crossbridges (latchbridges) that maintain force at a high energy economy. To fully understand the uniqueness of mechanisms regulating tonic arterial contraction, comparisons have been made to phasic visceral smooth muscles that do not sustain high forces. This study explored mechanisms of force maintenance in a phasic artery by comparing KCl-induced contractions in the tonic, femoral artery (FA) and its primary branch, the phasic saphenous artery (SA). KCl rapidly (5 N/m2) and [ca2+]i (250 nM) in FA and SA. By 10 min, [ca2+]i declined to 175 nM in both tissues but stress was sustained in FA (1.3 x 105N/m2) and reduced by 40% in SA (0.8 x l05 N/m2). Reduced tonic stress correlated with reduced myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation in SA (28% vs. 42% in FA). SA expressed more MLC phosphatase than FA, and permeabilized (β-escin) SA relaxed more rapidly than FA in the presence of MLC kinase blockade, suggesting that MLC phosphatase activity in SA was greater than that in FA. The reduction in MLC phosphorylation in SA was insufficient to account for reduced tonic force (latchbridge model), and SA expressed more "fast" myosin isoforms than did FA. Cytochalasin-D reduced force-maintenance more in FA than SA. These data support the hypothesis that strong force-maintenance is absent in SA because expressed motor proteins do not support latchbridge formation, and because actin polymerization is not stimulated.

Nosokomiale Infektionen (NKI) gehören zu den häufigsten Komplikationen eines Krankenhausaufenthaltes, insbesondere auf Intensivstationen mit einer Prävalenz von rund 18,65%. Die Folgen sind eine längere Verweildauer, erhöhte Morbidität und Letalität sowie höhere Kosten für das Gesundheitssystem. Die Erfassung NKI stellt einen wichtigen Qualitäts- Parameter für Intensivstationen dar. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Übereinstimmung von nur nach KISS (Krankenhaus-InfektionsSurveillance System)- Definitionen erfassten Infektionen mit der klinisch diagnostizierten nosokomialen Infektion zu prüfen und den Zusammenhang zwischen ärztlicher Diagnose und den laborchemischen und klinisch erhobenen Kriterien darzustellen. Hierfür wurden auf einer interdisziplinären operativen Intensivstation nosokomiale Infektionen sowohl nach ITS- KISS (VAP, ZVK- assoziierte Infektionen und HWI), als auch nach ärztlicher Diagnose plus Beginn oder Eskalation einer Antibiotikatherapie erfasst. Zusätzlich zu den KISS-Parametern wurden laborchemische Entzündungsparameter (CRP und PCT) registriert. Es traten 32 Infektionen nach ITS- KISS und 69 Infektionen nach ärztlicher Diagnose auf. Acht Infektionen wurden ausschließlich nach KISS und 45 ausschließlich nach der ärztlichen Diagnose erfasst. Die Infektionsrate nach KISS für VAP lag bei 20,6, für ZVK bei 5,9 und für HWI bei 2 Infektionen, jeweils pro 1000 Devicetage. Spezifität und positiv prädiktiver Wert hinsichtlich der Vorhersage einer ärztlich diagnostizierten Infektion waren gering. Auch durch Kombination verschiedener Parameter wurden keine höheren prädiktiven Werte erreicht. Die geringe Übereinstimmung der beiden Methoden legt nahe, dass KISS die klinisch relevanten Infektionen nicht wesentlich erfasst und relevante Infektfoci nicht berücksichtigt werden, beispielsweise abdominelle Infektionen. Zudem erlauben die erfassten Laborparameter keine zuverlässige Diagnose bzw. Prädiktion einer nosokomialen Infektion. Die ärztliche Diagnose in Verbindung mit dem Beginn oder der Eskalation einer Antibiotikatherapie könnte eine vereinfachte Methode zur Surveillance nosokomialer Infektionen darstellen.

Thesis advisor: LISA S. CAHILL / The Nuremberg trials ushered in a new era in which the four principles approach has become progressively the norm in Euro-American biomedical ethics, while the concepts of virtue and character become marginalized. In recent decades, the AIDS pandemic has highlighted the social aspects of health and illness, and the individualistic nature of the four principles approach proves inadequate in addressing the social causes of illness and poor health. At the global level, the promotion of the four principles approach as the universal norm can lead to the displacement of local values and customs, and the alienation of people from their cultural heritage. In this dissertation, I argue that although principles are indispensable, the virtue-based approach is more adequate in addressing these needs. The dissertation demonstrates that a virtue-based medical ethics informed by the gospel vision of healing would support models of health care that take seriously the social determinants of illness, and advocate action on behalf of the poor and the marginalized. At the global level, virtue-based medical ethics also allows the coexistence of the universal values and the local norms, and encourages cross-cultural dialogue. This dissertation develops a virtue-based medical ethics grounded in the Aristotelian teleological structure, and integrating insights obtained from the historical critical study of the healing narratives in Luke-Acts. It also provides a correlative study of the love command in Luke and the virtue of humaneness in the medical ethics of eighteenth century Vietnamese physician Hai Thuong Lan Ong. The concluding chapter brings these elements together in a discussion of the work of the Vietnamese Catholic AIDS care network. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2013. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Theology.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, when young Chinese scholars looked to Western nations for answers in hope of revitalizing a nation that once dominated the East, musicians and poets embarked on a journey of establishing a new Chinese style of music. Three sets of composer/poet collaborations and three different ways of infusing Western culture with Chinese culture laid the foundation for Chinese choral music today. Chao Yuan-Ren was a brilliant linguist and music lover who thought that to simply implant Western music onto Chinese text would suffice–his HaiYun, set to a poem of the equally brilliant poet Xu Zhi-Mo serves as a good example. Huang Zi believed in Confucius’ teachings that all new things must grow out of tradition. He and the lyricist Wei Huang-Zhang extended a literary tradition started in the Tang dynasty and produced Song of Everlasting Sorrow, which illustrates this philosophy quite well. Yet, for the underprivileged people who also loved music, folk songs provided a fertile ground as seen in the works of Xian Xing-Hai. During the second Sino-Japanese War, the poet Guang Wei-Ran and Xian worked hand-in-hand, producing the Yellow River Cantata that contains folksong-like melodies and many folk-music elements. Chinese choral music today is unavoidably connected to these three pieces. This document traces the early history of Chinese choral music through these three pieces and explains their influences on Chinese choral music today.

Central-line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) occur during the insertion or change of the dressing of the central venous catheter (CVC) and are reportable healthcare-associated infections at the state and the national level. The purpose of this systematic review of the literature was to evaluate and synthesize available evidence to establish the effectiveness of using an adhesive transparent chlorohexidine gluconate (CHG) Tegaderm™ gel dressing for CVC in the prevention of CLABSIs. The logic model was used as a framework to guide the review of the literature to establish how an intervention that is not currently practiced can contribute to CVC prevention of infection. The practice question focused on gathering evidence to support the effects of CHG Tegaderm™ gel central-line dressing compared with the Biopatch® dressing. A total of 373 articles were retrieved and 16 met the inclusion for review and were graded according to the Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt hierarchy level of evidence and evidence synthesis broken down into the reduction of CLABSI, the cost-effectiveness and ease of use of the CHG Tegaderm™ gel. Findings from the systematic review supported the use of CHG gel dressing as a CLABSI preventative measure. The findings from the project support positive social change by reducing CLABSI and associated illnesses and saving the increased cost, mortality, and morbidity associated with CLABSIs.