Florida's mild climate supports year round enzootic transmission of arthropod-borne (arbo) viruses, such as St. Louis Encephalitis virus (SLEV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis virus (EEEV). First isolated in 1960 from two Florida blue jays, Highlands J virus (HJV) is endemic to the state and vectored by the same mosquitoes as EEEV (Henderson et al, 1962). EEEV and HJV are both alphaviruses, but HJV is not pathogenic to humans, occasionally causes encephalitis in horses, and is a recognized pathogen in some bird species (turkeys, emus, etc) (Cilnis et al, 1996). The Florida Sentinel Chicken Arboviral Surveillance Program, established in 1978, utilizes sentinel chickens to detect arboviral activity throughout the state. Current serologic antibody detection methods include the hemagglutination inhibition (HAI), IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent (MAC-ELISA), and serum neutralization plaque reduction (PRNT) assays (Blackmore et al, 2003). In 2003, sentinel chickens detected significantly greater alphavirus activity than seen in the previous 15 years (Stark & Kazanis, 2003). This increase raised concerns that bridging into the human population had become a serious threat as well as an important issue for veterinary health. The objective of this study was to determine if cross-reactions with Highlands J virus were impacting the serologic diagnostic tests routinely performed for identification of EEEV. For 2003, the HAI test detected 476 alphavirus positive sentinels. We tested 316 of these chickens in the PRNT, which identified 176 EEEV positive sentinels and 75 HJV positive sentinels. Our results indicate that Highlands J virus is extensively cross-reactive in the HAI test and that the MAC-ELISA is more specific for the detection of antibodies solely to EEEV. We demonstrated that EEEV antibody titers in the HAI test were positively correlated to antibody titers in the PRNT assay. Analysis of alphaviral activity by county indicates widespread transmission of HJV across the northern and panhandle regions of the state; however EEEV activity was greater than HJV activity in all but four counties. Consequently, distinguishing between the two agents can reduce the expenditure of resources on unnecessary vector control and medical alerts to protect the public health from Highlands J virus.

Abstract The Hai-Wai-Chi Society, an overseas organization derived from the ¡§Chi Society¡¨ based in Shanghai, was initiated and founded by Hsu Fu-Yuan, one of the six poets of the Chi Society. Towards the end of the Hung Kung reign of the late Ming dynasty, in the wake of the defeat of the Sungchiang uprising staged by the society, Hsu continued to work for the recovery of the Ming legacy against the ruling Qing regime. At first, he left Shanghai to follow Emperor Lungwu in Fujian. After Emperor Lungwu was defeated, he proceeded to Choushan to follow King Lu and cooperated with Chang Huang-Yen. Later on, after Choushan was seized by the Qing army, Hsu accompanied King Lu under the shelter of Koxinga in Xiamen. It was at this point that the society came to its apex. When Koxinga took hold of Taiwan following his defeat at Nanjing battle, the society members began to enter the island along with the soldiers. Therefore, the literature of Hai-Wai-Chi Society is viewed as the beginning of Han Taiwanese literature. Taiwan Shih Cheng by Lien Heng refers to Hsu Fu-Yuan, Chang Huang-Yen, Lu Jo-Teng, Sheng Chuan-Chi, Chao Tsung-Lung, Chen Shih-Ching as ¡§The Six Poets of Hai-Wai-Chi Society.¡¨ This paper, entitled A Study of Three Poets in the Hai-Wai-Chi Society, is intended to follow the same way of thinking in its exploration of Hsu Fu-Yuan, Chang Huang-Yen, and Lu Jo-Teng through the existing anthology of the society. Meanwhile, the relevant literature concerning the other three poets will be reviewed for necessary references. The Hai-Wai-Chi Society is characterized by its composition of core members, mainly loyalists to King Lu, who followed Koxinga to Taiwan as a consequence of the fall of Choushan. Mourning over the end of the Ming empire, intellectuals of high morality and talent assembled to form a society of poetry to express their emotions toward the fatherland. The members of the Hai-Wai-Chi Society were actively involved in the fight against the Qing court. In spite of successive defeats, they would live and die in exile overseas rather than surrender as subjects of the Qing regime. The Introduction aims to explain the motivation of this study, the meaning and formation of The Hai-Wai-Chi Society, with a literature review of the three poets. The first chapter explores the public opinions of The Dong-Lin Party¡]ªFªLÄÒ¡^ and the Restoration Society¡]´_ªÀ¡^ in the Late Ming period, and the poetry of patriotism by Chen Tzu-Lung and Hsia Wang-Chun of The Hai-Wai-Chi Society, to be defined in this study as two typical kinds of heritage of The Hai-Wai-Chi Society. The second chapter gives an analysis of the historical background of South Ming royalists fighting against the Qing regime and the formation and development of The Hai-Wai-Chi Society. The third chapter is focused on the Tiao-Huang-Tang Manuscript by Hsu Fu-Yuan to study his overseas poems that express his uncompromising anti-Qing mentality and noble patriotic integrity. The fourth chapter represents the social reality of war-ridden Kinmen during the Koxinga period based on Niao-Yi Poetry and Liu-An Anthology by Lu Jo-Teng. The fifth chapter deals with Chi-Ling Grass, Ping-Tsa Collection, and Tsai-Wei Recitation by Chang Huang-Yen to distinguish him as a great noble Ming loyalist who had fought against the Qing power for 19 years overseas. The Conclusion sums up the poetry by the three poets as: (1) a reflection of history with a national concern, (2) an expression of opposition against invasion with a firm anti-Qing determination, and (3) a kind of oceanic literature with a universal sympathy.

The thesis is a study of the May Fourth Spirit in Lin Hai-yin¡¦s novel. Her acceptance of the May Fourth literature thoughts and May Fourth women¡¦s novel had affect her writing. The first chapter is the research history of Lin Hai-yin¡¦s novel and theory of this thesis: Aesthetics of reception, narratology and Feminist Literary Criticism. In the second chapter we research Lin Hai-yin¡¦s personal history during the time of May Fourth. The May Fourth Spirit had affect her vision, but because her marginal perspective, which made her novel more objective and unique. The third chapter is the influence of May Fourth women¡¦s novel in Lin¡¦s. On the theme, subject matter, writing strategy, she followed these writer¡¦s strategy, but present more profound thoughts which different from them. In the fourth chapter we discuss the plot and characters of Lin¡¦s novel. The narrator in Lin¡¦s novel is usually a woman. Through these women¡¦s eyes, we saw a women¡¦s world that has solid sisterhood. We also saw the faces of men in her novel which are weak and escape from making decision are not the same with the traditional men¡¦s character kinds. And there also shows her concern of society through these characters. The last chapter is discussing Lin¡¦s novel¡¦s acceptation and influences in Taiwan. In past criticism, her novel¡¦s theme had been seen like homesick. But the writing strategy of women during the anti-commu period is selected themes that considered not important, like love, marriage¡Ketc. to show they concerned society by these characters¡¦ fate. In conclusion we affirmed Lin Hai-yin¡¦s novel has great value, and she is one of the most important novelists in the 1950¡¦s age.

Increasing evidence illustrates an involvement of stress in a large variety of physical and mental illness. Together with the evolutionary development of the social behavior in humans, the traditional interpretations of the attachment theory and the social support theory underscores the importance of affection, belonging and appreciation for human well-being. Not only can an imbalanced stress system be the cause of severe pathological consequences, insufficient social contact can also hamper recovery. Frequent usage of animals in various settings steadily illustrates both physiological and psychological benefits on both the young and the old, the healthy and the ill. Through the study of neurobiological factors, with oxytocin as a central mediator of social behavior and its  impact in turn on the stress- and cortisol system, this paper examines the possibility of animals to function as social support. The potential of animals to reduce the suffering in patients with stress related psychiatric disorders, such as the highly frequent exhaustion disorder, human-animal interactions might offer a non-invasive complementary tool to current treatment methods.

Electromagnetic induction in the continental Bohai Bay coastal region of China and the island region of Japan is studied with the aid of laboratory analogue models. Detailed model measurements of the electric (Ex, Ey) and magnetic (Bx, By, Bz) field components are presented for an approximately uniform overhead horizontal source field for E- and B-polarizations. With the aid of 2D numerical models, criteria are developed for permitting approximate removal of the coast effect responses in field site measurements in coastal regions. For the Bohai Bay laboratory analogue model, large anomalous in-phase and quadrature model magnetic fields are observed over the Korea-Japan strait for E-polarization, and over the Bohai strait for B-polarization, due to current channelling through the straits. Large responses over the peninsulas in the shallow coastal areas occur at short periods but decrease abruptly with increasing period. The model induction arrows show that the induction in the local Bohai Bay is important primarily at short periods. At long periods, induction in the distant deeper Yellow Sea must be considered in any interpretation of field site measurements. In general, the analogue model results indicate that the effects of peninsulas, straits, bays and the irregularities in the coastlines play an important role in determining the electric and magnetic field responses both on-shore and off-shore for this complex coastal Bohai Bay region. For the Japan laboratory analogue model, electromagnetic field measurements are examined in detail for a series of traverses over Japan, the Korean peninsula, and the coastal region of China and the U.S.S.R. Large anomalous in-phase model magnetic fields are observed over the Korea-Japan strait for E-polarization and over Bohai strait, Tsugaru strait, and La Perouse strait for B-polarization due to off-shore current channelling. The significant responses observed at short periods over the peninsulas in the shallow coastal areas decrease with increasing period. Large gradients in the in-phase BZ are observed over all regions of Japan for E-polarization for both short and long periods due to the effects of induced currents in the surrounding oceans. Thus, induction arrow responses over all regions of Japan show the dominant effects of the ocean. The 2D numerical calculations of EM induction in continental and island coastal regions for an anomalous conductor in the form of an upwelling or a depression in the conductive substratum, show that if the anomalous conductor - ocean separation distance is at least as great as the coast effect response range YR (defined in the present work to be the range where the coast effect |Bz/Byn| has decreased to a value of 0.2), then the coast effect can be removed by vector subtraction to yield a response, approximately that of the anomalous conductor alone. For a given period (in the range 5 -120 min), YR is found to increase with increasing ocean depth, conductive substratum depth, and island width. Further, the dependan.ee on period is found to vary from model to model, but the general trend is for YR to decrease with increasing period, on account of the increasing importance of the underlying conductive substratum through the skin depth effect in the host. Empirical curves are presented showing how the response range depends on the ocean depth, the conductive substratum depth, the island width and the period. Coast effect response values for 3D laboratory analogue models are employed to approximately remove the geomagnetic coast effects in field measurements for some coastal sites in the Bohai Bay continental region of China and the island regions of Japan. The validity of the subtraction is examined for several models of conductive anomalies at sufficiently large anomalous conductor - ocean ranges to satisfy the response range criteria developed for 2D numerical models. The resulting interpretation of field site measurements in complex coastal regions is discussed. With the coast effect removed though subtraction of the model arrows from field site results available in the Bohai Bay region, the resulting difference arrows indicate a N-S striking conductor to the west of Bohai Bay. These difference arrows, as well as the 2D numerical calculations, support the premise of such a conductor, in the form of an upwelling in the conductive substratum (with conductivity 0.5Sm-1 at 80 km depth), situated at about 150 km from the Bohai Bay coastline to account for the field site observations. A comparison of laboratory analogue model and field site MT results at two sites west of Bohai Bay shows that the analogue model apparent resistivities are about an order of magnitude greater than the field site apparent resistivities. This result also supports the model of a conductive anomaly, in addition to the conductive substratum at 80 km depth. Laboratory analogue model measurements are employed to subtract the ocean effect in field measurements to yield difference arrow for these complex island regions of Japan ( the Kii Peninsula region, the central Honshu region and the regions of northern Honshu, Hokkaido and Tsugaru strait). These difference arrows as well as the 2-D numerical model result for the Kii Peninsula region, the central Honshu region, and the northern Honshu region support the premise of two conductive anomalies (with conductivity 0.5Sm-1), one beneath the Pacific Ocean and one beneath the Japan Sea at a depth of 30 km. Further, the difference arrows over the entire Japan region suggest that the two conductors roughly follow the general trend of the island arc, and eventually may be connected by an E-W striking conductor beneath Tsugaru strait to the north. / Graduate

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2015-07-17T14:17:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Walquiria Barcelos de Figueiredo.pdf: 11234029 bytes, checksum: dbf21e923a2bfae3e29f6be02048db53 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-17T14:17:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Walquiria Barcelos de Figueiredo.pdf: 11234029 bytes, checksum: dbf21e923a2bfae3e29f6be02048db53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-19 / The present study aimed to point out the reasons of failure of supply of inputs to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a tertiary public hospital, identifying the risks associated with lack of essential materials in patient care and the occurrence of Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI). For this purpose, a study delineated as action research was conducted, as well as surveys and document analysis of recorded cases of HAI in the studied unit between 2012 and 2013, apart from the content analysis of the spreadsheet input supply. A literature search was conducted on standards, legislation and scientific articles related to the subject. Aiming to understand the perception of the professional group, a survey instrument was applied to the staff of the unit in a form of a semi-structured questionnaire. Through opportunities for improvement related to the management and control of essential materials, care of patients, a scoring model to material considered essential to the ICU, based on the classification system into categories ABC and XYZ was proposed. According to the criticality of the missing material to be used in sector, it was possible to generate a report to the Sub Committee on Hospital Infection Control and the administrative sector, to help in emergency procurement and distribution of basic materials for the assistance and thus minimize the occurrence of adverse events and consequently increased professional satisfaction and patient safety. / O presente estudo objetivou levantar quais as razões das falhas de abastecimento dos insumos de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) de um hospital público terciário, identificando os riscos associados à falta de materiais essenciais na assistência ao paciente e na ocorrência de infecções relacionadas à saúde (IRAS). Para isso, foi realizado um estudo delineado como pesquisa-ação, além de levantamentos e análise documental dos casos registrados de IRAS na unidade entre 2012 e 2013, bem como análise de conteúdo das planilhas de fornecimento de insumos. Uma pesquisa bibliográfica também foi realizada, sobre normas, legislações e artigos científicos relacionados ao assunto. Com o objetivo de compreender a percepção do grupo profissional, um instrumento de pesquisa foi aplicado na forma de questionário semiestruturado à equipe da unidade estudada. Através das oportunidades de melhoria relacionadas à gestão e controle de materiais essenciais para o cuidado de pacientes, foi proposto um modelo de pontuação a esses materiais considerados fundamentais para a UTI, baseado no sistema de classificação em categorias ABC e XYZ. De acordo com a criticidade do material em falta a ser utilizado no setor, foi possível gerar um relatório à Subcomissão de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar e ao setor administrativo, para auxiliar na aquisição emergencial e distribuição dos materiais básicos para a assistência, e desta forma minimizar a ocorrência de eventos adversos e aumentar, consequentemente, a satisfação dos profissionais e segurança dos pacientes.

Nosokomiale Infektionen (NKI) gehören zu den häufigsten Komplikationen eines Krankenhausaufenthaltes, insbesondere auf Intensivstationen mit einer Prävalenz von rund 18,65%. Die Folgen sind eine längere Verweildauer, erhöhte Morbidität und Letalität sowie höhere Kosten für das Gesundheitssystem. Die Erfassung NKI stellt einen wichtigen Qualitäts- Parameter für Intensivstationen dar. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Übereinstimmung von nur nach KISS (Krankenhaus-InfektionsSurveillance System)- Definitionen erfassten Infektionen mit der klinisch diagnostizierten nosokomialen Infektion zu prüfen und den Zusammenhang zwischen ärztlicher Diagnose und den laborchemischen und klinisch erhobenen Kriterien darzustellen. Hierfür wurden auf einer interdisziplinären operativen Intensivstation nosokomiale Infektionen sowohl nach ITS- KISS (VAP, ZVK- assoziierte Infektionen und HWI), als auch nach ärztlicher Diagnose plus Beginn oder Eskalation einer Antibiotikatherapie erfasst. Zusätzlich zu den KISS-Parametern wurden laborchemische Entzündungsparameter (CRP und PCT) registriert. Es traten 32 Infektionen nach ITS- KISS und 69 Infektionen nach ärztlicher Diagnose auf. Acht Infektionen wurden ausschließlich nach KISS und 45 ausschließlich nach der ärztlichen Diagnose erfasst. Die Infektionsrate nach KISS für VAP lag bei 20,6, für ZVK bei 5,9 und für HWI bei 2 Infektionen, jeweils pro 1000 Devicetage. Spezifität und positiv prädiktiver Wert hinsichtlich der Vorhersage einer ärztlich diagnostizierten Infektion waren gering. Auch durch Kombination verschiedener Parameter wurden keine höheren prädiktiven Werte erreicht. Die geringe Übereinstimmung der beiden Methoden legt nahe, dass KISS die klinisch relevanten Infektionen nicht wesentlich erfasst und relevante Infektfoci nicht berücksichtigt werden, beispielsweise abdominelle Infektionen. Zudem erlauben die erfassten Laborparameter keine zuverlässige Diagnose bzw. Prädiktion einer nosokomialen Infektion. Die ärztliche Diagnose in Verbindung mit dem Beginn oder der Eskalation einer Antibiotikatherapie könnte eine vereinfachte Methode zur Surveillance nosokomialer Infektionen darstellen.

With the change in political and economic situations, increased urbanization and the growing population in China leads to extended housing needs, which results in various problems for the real estate market, such as the pronounced rise of housing price and unreasonable housing supply system. At present, the major issue that the government is facing with is how to improve the housing availability and provide space to the urban residents to solve the problem that many urban residents are unable to afford housing. In order to fully understand the housing market in Beijing city, this paper adopted quantitative methods of Housing Price to Income Ratio, Residual Income, and the Housing Affordability Index to examine the housing affordability of Beijing urban residents from 2004 to 2013, based upon the data collected from Beijing Statistic Yearbook mostly. The analysis revealed that there is a declining trend of housing affordability in Beijing and the gap between residential housing prices and urban households’ incomes and the difference between the poor and the rich is obvious.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第19285号 / 工博第4082号 / 新制||工||1629(附属図書館) / 32287 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 寶 馨, 教授 角 哲也, 准教授 佐山 敬洋 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

No / Background Effective and tolerable chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin for advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) has been established recently. However, overall prognosis is still poor, and additional therapeutic approaches are needed for patients with locally advanced, irresectable and/or pretreated tumors. Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of chemotherapy represents a safe and well-established treatment modality, but data on its use in patients with BTC are still sparse. Methods Patients with irresectable BTC predominant to the liver were included in a prospective, open phase II study investigating HAI provided through interventionally implanted port catheters. Intraarterial chemotherapy consisted of biweekly oxaliplatin (O) 85 mg/m2 and folinic acid (F) 170 mg/m2 with 5-FU (F) 600 mg/m2. Results Between 2004 and 2010, 37 patients were enrolled. A total of 432 cycles of HAI were applied with a median of 9 (range 1–46) cycles. Objective response rate was 16 %, and tumor control was achieved in 24 of 37 (65 %) patients. Median progression-free survival was 6.5 months (range 0.5–26.0; 95 % CI 4.3–8.7), median overall survival was 13.5 (range 0.9–50.7; 95 % CI 11.1–15.9) months. The most frequent adverse event was sensory neuropathy grade 1/2 in 10/14 patients. Conclusions Using a minimal invasive technique, repetitive HAI with OFF is feasible and results in clinically relevant tumor control with low toxicity in patients with liver predominant advanced BTC.