abstract: Guitar repertoire from the Baroque period consists primarily of transcriptions, which suggests that modern performers may explore more sources to identify eligible works to transcribe. The Musikalischer Parnassus, a collection of dance suites for harpsichord by Johann Kaspar Ferdinand Fischer (1656-1746), is worthy of such a transcription. This collection has high artistic value and possesses a range and texture that make much of it playable on the guitar. The purpose of this research project is to introduce Fischer and his works to the classical guitar community, and also to explore the artistic qualities of Musikalischer Parnassus that qualify it for transcription for guitar. This document addresses the transcription process of two selected suites: VI, Euterpe and VIII, Polymnia by Fischer. The outcome is an edition for guitar and a performance guide, which includes interpretations and stylistic considerations for each movement. / Dissertation/Thesis / it is the appendix for the dissertation / D.M.A. Music 2013

Orientador: Edmundo Pacheco Hora / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T11:49:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gatti_Patricia_D.pdf: 6570909 bytes, checksum: c3770189cc77bccf38252c20f45300eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O presente estudo propõe um olhar diferenciado sobre o cravo que busca ir além de sua identificação, do ponto de vista organológico e de repertório, exclusivamente com um projeto da música erudita europeia. A partir de uma reconstrução do percurso histórico do instrumento ¿ no que diz respeito aos seus aspectos construtivos, repertório ou na prática interpretativa ¿ traçam-se considerações sobre os vários debates estéticos acerca da sua adoção, a questão da autenticidade, que remete a critérios de fidelidade e legitimidade do instrumento e da sua flexibilização. Numa segunda linha de abordagem histórica do percurso do instrumento, busca-se refazer a trajetória da inserção do cravo no Brasil, com destaque em São Paulo e Campinas, a partir das referências do período colonial, das décadas de 1950 a 1970, até a formação do primeiro curso superior de cravo na Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Nesse trajeto desenhado interviram diversidade de concepções relacionadas a hábitos culturais e exigências de gostos musicais, conduzindo-se uma leitura menos restritiva dos usos do cravo ou "cravos". Dialogando com o panorama de diversidade de práticas musicais, evidencia-se a presença sutil, mas significativa do cravo em manifestações musicais modernas da cultura pop, tais como Rock, Jovem Guarda e Tropicalismo, entre outras. O estudo também aborda repertórios da atualidade, escrito para o cravo em linguagem da música brasileira de fonte popular. Por meio de dois estudos de caso, apresenta leitura analítica de peças escritas para dueto instrumental com cravo dos compositores: José Eduardo Gramani (1944-1998), que escreveu quarenta e sete peças para "cravo e rabeca", e Ricardo Matsuda (n. 1965), que compôs doze peças para "cravo e viola caipira". Buscou-se o referencial da Teoria das Tópicas, como ferramenta analítica proposta a partir do material musical usado, obtendo-se a caracterização do discurso musical para compreensão da musicalidade brasileira. O enfoque analítico orienta não só os leitores a compreenderem os mecanismos estruturais e traços significativos de peças selecionadas, mas também promovem uma possível escuta informada e um diálogo com dois autores que deixam registros musicais criativos e expressivos para o cravo, em sons com tempero e atmosfera de brasilidade / Abstract: The present study proposes a differentiated look at the harpsichord which seeks beyond its identification, from the organological and repertoire¿s viewpoint, solely with a European "soft music" project. From a reconstruction of the instrument¿s historical course ¿ regarding its constructive, repertoire and practice aspects ¿ considerations are traced about the many aesthetical debates over its adoption and authenticity, referring to accuracy and legitimacy criteria of the harpsichord and its pliancy. In a second historical approach to the instrument¿s course, the study aims to reconstruct the trajectory of its Brazilian insertion highlighting São Paulo and Campinas, from references from the Colonial period, of the 1950¿s to 70¿s, until the formation of the first higher education course in harpsichord at the Universidade Estadual de Campinas (State University of Campinas). Over that course of events, intervened a variety of conceptions related to cultural manners and demands of musical tastes, with a much less restrictive reading of the uses of harpsichord, or "harpsichords", being conducted. Dialoguing with the diverse panorama of musical practices, the study evidences the subtle, but significant presence of the harpsichord in modern pop culture music manifestations, such as Rock, Jovem Guarda, Tropicalismo, among others. It also approaches current repertoire written for harpsichord in the language of Brazilian popular-sourced music. Through two instance studies, it presents analytical readings of compositions for instrumental duets with harpsichord from composers José Eduardo Gramani (1944-1998), who wrote forty seven works for harpsichord and Brazilian fiddle, and Ricardo Matsuda (b. 1965), who composed twelve works for harpsichord and Brazilian ten-stringed guitar. The Topic Theory¿s referential was sought as the proposed analytical tool for the musical material utilized, obtaining the characterization of the musical speech as to comprehend Brazilian musicality. Such foci of analysis guide not only the readers as to comprehend the structural mechanisms and significant features of selected works, but also does promote an informed listening and a dialogue with the two authors, which leave creative and expressive musical records for the harpsichord, in sounds with particular Brazilian temper and atmosphere / Doutorado / Praticas Interpretativas / Doutora em Música

Orientador: Edmundo Pacheco Hora / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T23:46:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zumpano_NiviaGasparini_D.pdf: 2081333 bytes, checksum: 2bd12f885adec4fb185459793cebd470 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O presente trabalho apresenta uma reflexão a respeito da expressividade cravística com ênfase em alguns parâmetros da execução. Para tanto, foram delimitados fatores associados à expressividade a partir da literatura especializada e, na etapa seguinte, realizou-se um estudo sobre sua influência na sonoridade do instrumento, procurando-se destacar questões relativas à possibilidade de dinâmica no cravo. Com o objetivo de verificar a maneira como a expressividade tem sido abordada no contexto de aprendizado cravístico e a forma como os estudantes manipulam os parâmetros analisados, realizou-se também uma pesquisa com alunos e ex-alunos de diversas Instituições de Ensino do país. Ao final, a análise dos resultados obtidos possibilitou a visualização da forma como os parâmetros podem influenciar acusticamente a sonoridade na execução, permitindo concluir que sua manipulação pelo intérprete amplia as possibilidades expressivas do instrumento / Abstract: In this thesis we offer a discussion about harpsichord's expressiveness with emphasis on some performance parameters. Thus, we defined some factors associated to the expressiveness from the specialized literature and in the next step we performed a study about its influence on harpsichord's sound, seeking to highlight the instrument dynamic possibilities. In order to check how the expressiveness has been addressed in the context of harpsichords' learning and how students manipulate the parameters, we also carried out a survey involving harpsichord students in different educational institutions. Finally, the results' analysis showed us how expressive parameters can influence acoustically the harpsichord sound, allowing conclude that performer's manipulation expands the instrument expressive possibilities / Doutorado / Fundamentos Teoricos / Doutora em Música

Orientador: Helena Jank / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T16:44:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hora_EdmundoPacheco_D.pdf: 7784572 bytes, checksum: 6dea0baba38779974864d2974087d576 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Com o objetivo de verificar a adequação do sistema de afinação utilizado no século XVII, com a produção musical de Johann Jacob Froberger (1616-1667), elaboramos um sistema de análise de todo o material publicado, visando identificar as eventuais discrepâncias entre eles. Assim, tanto a Denkmaeler der Tonkunst in Osterreich (Viena, Áustria 1903), a primeira edição com as obras do autor, quanto a mais recente e completa Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Clavier- und Orgelwerke (Kassel, Alemanha 2003), foram comparadas. Os casos excepcionais, aquelas obras que não se adequaram ao parâmetro do sistema, foram extraídas e para elas, elaboramos uma tabela à parte (Tabela 2). Nela, encontramos uma obra que não se enquadra ao mesotônico padrão e para a qual elaboramos um estudo especial (Item 2.5.3), no final destacamos os problemas cruciais da enarmonia. Enarmonias nos instrumentos de afinação fixa não se referem ao temperamento mesotônico padrão com a divisão da coma em -1/4 S. Portanto, algum outro tipo de sistema de afinação foi provavelmente utilizado por Froberger, ainda que de maneira especulativa. Dessa forma, buscando compreender para qual tipo de afinação o compositor pensou as suas obras, centramos o nosso trabalho visualizando as possíveis contribuições proporcionadas aos sistemas de afinação e ao campo tonal da música erudita / Abstract: This work analyses the oeuvre of J. J. Froberger (1616-67) in order to show its adequacy, or eventual discrepancies, with the prevalent temperament in use in the 17th century. Therefore, a comparison was made between the Denkmaler der Tonkunst in Osterreich (Vienna, Austria 1903), the first available edition of Froberger's works, and the more recent and complete, Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Clavier - und Orgelwerke (Kassel, Germany 2003). The exceptions, pieces which did not match the parameters of the tuning system, were put aside (a list of these pieces can be found on table 2). Among those, one work does not fit the standard meantone temperament, and for this a special analysis is provided (see item 2.5.3), pointing to crucial enharmonic problems at the end. Enharmonies, in instruments with fixed tuning, do not refer to standard meantone temperament, in which the division of the coma is ¿1/4 S. Consequently, it is probable that Froberger made use of other temperament, even if in a speculative way. Along our investigation to comprehend which temperament the composer has made use of when composing his works, we have also focused on his contributions to the field of tuning systems and tonal music / Doutorado / Doutor em Música

L’ornement fait partie intégrante de la musique pour clavecin aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Ce doctorat a pour objet l’étude des ornements dans les pièces pour clavecin seul, de la première édition connue de cette école : Chambonnières en 1670, au premier livre de François Couperin de 1713. Cette dernière date correspond à un tournant historique, celui de la fin du Grand Siècle et un tournant musical dans l’écriture des pièces de clavecin en France. Le corpus est composé au total de douze compositeurs (Chambonnières, Lebègue, Jacquet de La Guerre, d’Anglebert, Marchand, Dieupart, Clérambault, Dandrieu, Le Roux, Rameau, Siret, Couperin) qui ont pu corriger, dans le cadre de l’édition, le travail de la publication et donc celui de l’ornement, contrairement aux pièces des manuscrits. La problématique de cette recherche soulève la question de l’interprétation de l’ornement : Quelle place tient l’ornement dans la société et la musique de clavecin en France ? Y a-t-il une réalité sonore de l’ornement dans les pièces pour clavecin ? Peut-elle et doit-elle être la même aujourd’hui qu’il y a plus de trois cents ans ? Comment a évolué le son du répertoire pour clavecin au travers de la compréhension des ornements ? L’analyse quantitative, stylistique et esthétique des ornements (agréments, ornements écrits et diminutions) dans les éditions, rééditions et dans les enregistrements sonores du microsillon au disque compact, accompagnée de l’analyse des écrits du XVIIe au XXIe siècle sur la perception des ornements au clavecin ainsi qu’un dialogue avec les acteurs de la pratique d’aujourd’hui permettent de comprendre l’évolution de l’utilisation de cet élément indissociable du clavecin baroque. / Ornaments were an integral part of harpsichord music in the 17th and 18th centuries. The aim of this doctoral thesis is to study the use of ornaments in solo harpsichord pieces, from the first known printed edition of the music of this school: Chambonnières in 1670 to the first book by François Couperin in 1713. The latter date represents a turning point in history, with the end of the reign of Louis XIV, and also a musical turning point in the writing of harpsichord pieces in France. The corpus studied is made up of twelve composers (Chambonnières, Lebègue, Jacquet de la Guerre, d’Anglebert, Marchand, Dieupart, Clérambault, Dandrieu, Le Roux, Rameau, Siret and Couperin) who succeeded in correcting printed publications of music, including ornaments, unlike what had been possible with manuscripts. This research focuses mainly on the interpretation of musical ornamentation. What was the importance of ornaments in society and in French harpsichord music? What was the reality of how ornaments were heard in harpsichord pieces? Can and should this reality be the same today as it was more than three hundred years ago? How has the sound of the harpsichord repertoire evolved through our understanding of ornaments? The evolution of this crucial element of Baroque harpsichord music will be explored using quantitative, stylistic and aesthetic analysis of ornaments (agréments, written ornaments and diminutions) in original editions, re-editions, and recordings from the phonograph to the compact disc ; accompanied by an examination of writings from the 17th to the 21th centuries about the perception of harpsichord ornamentation, and testimony from musicians working with this instrument today.

L'étude mécanique des instruments de musique met en oeuvre l'étude des musiciens, des instruments et de l'interaction complexe qui existe entre eux. L'analyse du geste musical nécessite de nombreuses mesures sur des musiciens pour en extraire les paramètres pertinents qui permettent de construire un modèle d'interaction musicien / instrument. Dans le cas des instruments à corde pincées, il s'agit de déterminer les conditions initiales imposées à la corde par le mécanisme de pincement contrôlé par le musicien (plectre, doigt). Comment obtenir tous ces paramètres sans perturber le jeu du musicien ? Comment vérifier qu'ils sont les seuls à déterminer la vibration future de la corde et lui donner sa signature acoustique ? Une plateforme expérimentale robotisée a été mise en place pour répondre à ces questions. Elle permet de reproduire le geste des musiciens, en particulier des harpistes et des clavecinistes. Il faut préciser ici que la notion de geste musical s'entend au sens large : le robot peut soit reproduire complètement la trajectoire suivie par le doigt du musicien, soit imposer les conditions initiales résultant de cette trajectoire, indépendamment du chemin suivi. Le premier cas est adapté à la résolution de problème de dynamique inverse pour accéder aux efforts articulaires mis en jeu par le musicien pendant l'accomplissement d'un extrait musical. La second cas sera privilégié pour imposer des conditions initiales à l'instrument, par l'intermédiaire de trajectoires d'études conçues spécifiquement par l'expérimentateur. La reproduction des trajectoires avec le robot nécessite de rejeter les perturbations introduites par le contact avec l'instrument. La conception d'un capteur d'effort intégré au robot a permis de satisfaire partiellement cette exigence. Après le détail de la conception de la plateforme robotisée, de sa validation comme un outil d'étude juste et répétable, un exemple d'utilisation est présenté dans le cadre d'une étude sur l'harmonisation des becs de clavecin. L'harmonisation est un processus complexe de réglage de l'instrument, réalisé par le luthier. Un modèle prenant en compte le toucher pendant l'interaction plectre / corde, et intégrant la géométrie du plectre résultant de l'harmonisation, ainsi que des expériences effectuées sur un clavecin, montrent que la forme du plectre affecte non seulement les conditions initiales de vibration des cordes de l'instrument mais aussi le ressenti du claveciniste. / The study of musical instruments involves the study of musicians, instruments and of the complex interaction that exists between them. The analysis of musical gestures requires numerous measurements on musicians to extract the relevant parameters in order to model their interaction. In the case of plucked string instruments, the goal is to determine the initial conditions imposed on the string by the plucking mechanism (plectrum, finger). How does one get all these parameters without disrupting the musician in playing conditions ? How can one know that the parameters are the best ones to describe the initial conditions of the string vibrations and its acoustic signature ? An experimental platform has been designed to answer these questions. It can reproduce the gesture of a musician, in particular of a harpist or a harpsichordist. It should be pointed out that the concept of a musical gesture is defined here in a broad sense : the robot can reproduce either the path followed by the musician's fingers, or the initial conditions resulting from this trajectory. The first method is particularly suited for the resolution of an inverse dynamic problem. One can then calculate the forces developed by the musician's muscles during the execution of a musical piece, for example. The second method is better suited for imposing specific initial conditions on the instrument through trajectories designed by the experimenter. The correct reproduction of the trajectories needs to reject disturbances due to the contact between the robot and the instrument. The design of a force sensor, integrated into the robot end effector, is a first step toward satisfying this requirement. After the design of the robotic platform, its precision and repeatability is investigated. The force sensor is then integrated on the robot end effector, and an example of its use is presented. The experiment is focused on the harmonization of the harpsichord plectra. Harmonization is a complex process of adjustments achieved by the luthier on the instrument. A model of the plectrum / string interaction, taking into account the geometry of the plectrum, as well as experiments performed on a real harpsichord, show that harmonization have an impact on the string initial conditions of vibration.

The purpose of this paper is to identify Spanish elements in the sonatas of Domenico Scarlatti and to determine the extent of their use. All 555 sonatas in facsimile edition, edited by Ralph Kirkpatrick, were compared to the printed anthologies of Spanish folk music by Kurt Schindler and Felipe Pedrell as well as recordings of authentic Spanish folk music. The study concludes that Scarlatti incorporated Spanish musical elements extensively. In some sonatas, fragments of folk tunes occur, but always with some rhythmical alterations or melodic elaborations. Only K. 513 contains an entire folk tune. Scarlatti evidently wrote melodies of folk-like quality and did not merely copy the folk tunes.

Das überschaubare Cembalowerk von Iannis Xenakis ist aus musikanalytischer Perspektive ergiebig. Gerade sein erstes (Khoaï, 1976) und letztes (Oophaa, 1989) Werk für Cembalo zeigen auf, wie unterschiedlich er mit dem performativen Aspekt seiner Musik kompositorisch umgegangen ist. Während in Khoaï zahlreiche Überlegungen zur Spielbarkeit mit einflossen, was gerade anhand der Stellen, die Xenakis aus seinen beiden Klavierwerken Erikhthon (1974) und Evryali (1973) übertrug, deutlich wird, konzentrierte er sich bei Oophaa eher auf das dem Werk zugrundeliegende Konstruktionsprinzip und die architektonische Struktur des Werks, was in unspielbaren Stellen resultierte. Der Beitrag zeigt diese dem Werk Xenakis’ inhärente Dichotomie analytisch auf und untersucht aufgrund dessen zwei interpretatorische Lösungsvorschläge für Oophaa. Der Aspekt der Spielbarkeit bzw. Performance-Überlegungen auf Seiten des Komponisten werden somit als einen die Analyse mitbestimmenden Parameter ernst genommen. / The small harpsichord oeuvre of Iannis Xenakis yields a great deal of insight from a musicanalytical perspective. Especially his first (Khoaï, 1976) and last (Oophaa, 1989) works for harpsichord show how differently he dealt with the performative aspects. Whereas in Khoaï, numerous considerations regarding playability were incorporated, which becomes particularly evident in the passages that Xenakis transferred from his two piano works Erikhthon (1974) and Evryali (1973), in Oophaa, he concentrated more on the underlying construction principle and the architectural structure of the work, which resulted in unplayable passages. This contribution analytically demonstrates this dichotomy inherent in Xenakis’ work and, based on this, examines two proposed performative solutions for Oophaa. Thus, the aspect of playability, or performance considerations on the part of the composer, are taken seriously as a parameter contributing to the analysis.

No description available.

If we are to account for a “decisive turn,” four questions must be asked, based upon the preceding considerations. First, what was the artistic ambience in seventeenth-century France that could have imposed a secular keyboard style upon a church-associated instrument? Second, what harpsichord composer or composers had sufficient contact with these organists to influence them to use a more secular style? Third, what stylistic similarities exist between that composer and the organists whose work he may have influenced? Fourth, are any of the same stylistic similarities present in the organ works of other seventeenth-century organ composers? By answering these questions, the writer intends to present evidence that Jaques Champion de Chambonnières was the inspirer of these four stylistic traits which appeared in French Baroque organ music during the second half of the seventeenth century. In so doing we shall regard his influence as a part of the cultural and artistic ambience which existed in France at that time.