<p>Det finns en kedja till en bra välfärd. Alla individer har behov och önskningar. Dessa ska tillgodoses med de resurser som landet får genom sin årliga produktion av varor och tjänster, BNP. Hur resurserna ska fördelas är en politisk fråga. Det är svårt att mäta välfärd. Några problem kan vara:"Reducering av verklighetens pluralism och mångfald"; Individernas olika preferenser Olika välfärdsmått är bruttonationalprodukten (BNP), Human Development Index (HDI) och Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI). Där BNP är rent baserat på produktion medan HDI och PQLI är sammansatta index med olika indikatorer. Min analys går ut på att jämföra 3 i-länder samt 3 u-länder för att urskilja något samband mellan dels tillväxt och HDI. Jag söker också ett svar på hur storleken på de offentliga utgifter påverkar tillväxten samt HDI. Tillväxten har ökat i så väl i-länderna Sverige, USA och Japan som u-länderna Haiti, Bangladesh och Nigeria. HDI har dock minskat i i-länderna men ökat i u- länderna. Min analys visar att Japan är det enda land av de tre observerade i- länderna som har ökat sin offentliga konsumtion. Sverige och USA har minskat sin offentliga konsumtion mellan åren 1987 och 1997.</p>

Det finns en kedja till en bra välfärd. Alla individer har behov och önskningar. Dessa ska tillgodoses med de resurser som landet får genom sin årliga produktion av varor och tjänster, BNP. Hur resurserna ska fördelas är en politisk fråga. Det är svårt att mäta välfärd. Några problem kan vara:"Reducering av verklighetens pluralism och mångfald"; Individernas olika preferenser Olika välfärdsmått är bruttonationalprodukten (BNP), Human Development Index (HDI) och Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI). Där BNP är rent baserat på produktion medan HDI och PQLI är sammansatta index med olika indikatorer. Min analys går ut på att jämföra 3 i-länder samt 3 u-länder för att urskilja något samband mellan dels tillväxt och HDI. Jag söker också ett svar på hur storleken på de offentliga utgifter påverkar tillväxten samt HDI. Tillväxten har ökat i så väl i-länderna Sverige, USA och Japan som u-länderna Haiti, Bangladesh och Nigeria. HDI har dock minskat i i-länderna men ökat i u- länderna. Min analys visar att Japan är det enda land av de tre observerade i- länderna som har ökat sin offentliga konsumtion. Sverige och USA har minskat sin offentliga konsumtion mellan åren 1987 och 1997.

This thesis is an examination of the concept of human development and does a comparative study of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum. Sen rectifies the emphasis on income by welfare economics, and argues for the ‘equality of capability’; a goal that he says can be achieved by means of the intrinsic and instrumental role of democracy. However, the author notes that Sen’s development paradigm is inadequate as an account for what constitutes the kind of well-being that is fully human and asserts that Sen’s framework should be concretized politically. In view of this, the author argues that Nussbaum’s articulation of a ‘threshold of capabilities’, anchored on her reading Aristotle’s concept of human flourishing and Marx’s insight on human dignity, is a politically realistic human development framework. Nussbaum thinks that the essential human capabilities are entitlements that must be constitutionally guaranteed to ensure a decent and dignified human life for all. As a response to the reality of pluralism, Nussbaum says that the universality of these entitlements can be secured by means of an overlapping consensus. Furthermore, the extreme poverty in many nations which exposes women and children to much vulnerability has provoked the author to inquire about the applicability of Nussbaum’s framework to the global arena. As such, the thesis argues for the radical expansion of the Human Development Index used by the United Nations Development Program in measuring the quality of human life, notably the inclusion of political liberties and gender equality. In addition to this, the study puts forward the argument that global human development is best achieved through democracy, and asserts that global institutions have a moral duty to protect and promote the central human capabilities.

<p>This thesis is an examination of the concept of human development and does a comparative study of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum. Sen rectifies the emphasis on income by welfare economics, and argues for the ‘equality of capability’; a goal that he says can be achieved by means of the intrinsic and instrumental role of democracy. However, the author notes that Sen’s development paradigm is inadequate as an account for what constitutes the kind of well-being that is fully human and asserts that Sen’s framework should be concretized politically. In view of this, the author argues that Nussbaum’s articulation of a ‘threshold of capabilities’, anchored on her reading Aristotle’s concept of human flourishing and Marx’s insight on human dignity, is a politically realistic human development framework. Nussbaum thinks that the essential human capabilities are entitlements that must be constitutionally guaranteed to ensure a decent and dignified human life for all. As a response to the reality of pluralism, Nussbaum says that the universality of these entitlements can be secured by means of an overlapping consensus. Furthermore, the extreme poverty in many nations which exposes women and children to much vulnerability has provoked the author to inquire about the applicability of Nussbaum’s framework to the global arena. As such, the thesis argues for the radical expansion of the Human Development Index used by the United Nations Development Program in measuring the quality of human life, notably the inclusion of political liberties and gender equality. In addition to this, the study puts forward the argument that global human development is best achieved through democracy, and asserts that global institutions have a moral duty to protect and promote the central human capabilities.</p>

This thesis uses the United Nations Human Development Index as a model for comparing a selected set of socioeconomic indicators across Florida’s sixty-seven counties. Whether for urban planning, hazards mitigation, transportation forecasting, or other county-level and state-level functions, information and understanding of socioeconomic conditions are keys to efficient planning and policy making, both in the early development stages as well as during implementation. A summary overview of socioeconomic well-being and its distribution across a given area offers a distinct advantage in terms of deciding where planning or policy changes are most needed and where they will prove most beneficial. This thesis takes a well-established and well documented index used for examining and comparing human development in nations across the globe, and modifies it for comparing county-level socioeconomic conditions across Florida. The results from this modified index are then displayed using choropleth maps as an aid to location interpretation of the ranked socioeconomic values, thereby providing a spatial context for the indexing. In the end, this thesis seeks to answer whether or not the modified index model is a suitable one for normalizing, aggregating, and ranking county-level socioeconomic data for Florida, and whether the use of choropleth mapping to display the rankings is a viable choice.

This thesis deals with identification and analysis of ways to measure the healthcare factor affecting living standards. The first part is the study of expert publications and databases, examining international organizations and identification of ways to measure selected categories of healthcare factors. Identified indicators are then analyzed using in-depth interviews with experts in the field of healthcare. Regression analysis was performed for selected indicators, which is crucial in assessing the degree to which the indicator explains the standard of living. The last part based on established methodology evaluates current situation in healthcare in relation to the standard of living in the Czech republic.

The Doctoral dissertation, the Strategy of Regional Development and Rural Development supported by the EU and their implementation in the Czech Republic, deals with the evaluation of a link between prosperity of a municipality based on the population or migration growth or population decline and drawing subsidies from the European Union. The aim of this work is to determine whether the thriving municipalities are more successful in drawing of subsidies than the unprofitable municipalities. A sub-goal of this Doctoral dissertation is to analyse the impact of human potential of municipalities on drawing of EU funds. The author, in the practical part of the Doctoral dissertation first focused on testing the prosperity of 100 randomly selected rural municipalities and their drawing of EU subsidies during the period 2007 - 2011. For these 100 municipalities was calculated the modified HDI which represents the human potential of municipalities and was compared with municipalities with respect to their prosperity. Finally, there was determined the dependence of drawing money from EU funds on the human potential of municipalities using the correlation and regression analysis.

This paper argues that there is a finiteness distinction in Hdi and that the notion is of value for a description of the language. The definition of finiteness suitable for the language has been suggested to be the one given by Anderson (2007) combined with Bisang (2007). The finite clauses are argued to be the pragmatically independent ones while the non-finite clauses are argued to be the pragmatically dependent. However, no morphological reductions were found in the non-finite clauses relative to the finite ones. What is more, negation in Hdi shows a nontypical behaviour regarding finiteness properties as there are aspectual distinctions made for dependent clauses that are not made for independent. Verbless clauses and imperatives may be viewed as finite and non-finite depending on their capacity to licence independent predication or, alternatively, they may be viewed as not displaying finiteness properties at all. The latter is argued to be preferred in order to avoid a redundant definition of finiteness.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:53:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Emadina Soares.pdf: 751137 bytes, checksum: 886ccfba52ad365c98aac821abae47ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-04 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / primeiro aconteceu no período áureo da borracha e o segundo na implantação da Zona Franca de Manaus e do seu Polo Industrial. O crescimento acelerado exerce uma forte pressão na infra-estrutura existente da cidade, uma vez que a população necessita de mínimas condições para uma boa vivência urbana, bem como disponibilidade de serviços e equipamentos urbanos. O surgimento de assentamentos desordenados, sem o devido controle, ocasionou uma cidade com problemas, tais como: carência de infra-estrutura básica, água encanada, energia, esgoto, asfalto e serviços públicos essenciais. O Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD) é a entidade das Nações Unidas que tem a missão de promover mudança e conectar países à experiências, conhecimentos e recursos, apontando soluções que se consiga sociedades e Nações fraternas e socialmente justas. O Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) é uma ferramenta do PNUD que sintetiza o nível de sucesso atingido pela sociedade no atendimento a três necessidades básicas e universais do ser humano: acesso ao conhecimento (dimensão educação), direito a uma vida longa e saudável (dimensão longevidade) e direito a um padrão de vida digno (dimensão renda). A construção de indicadores socioeconômicos tem como principal finalidade permitir uma análise da dinâmica das coletividades em seus vários aspectos, proporcionando, dessa forma, subsídios para a avaliação e estabelecimento de objetivos e prioridades. Esta dissertação intitulada O que revelaram os Índices de Desenvolvimento Humano na Cidade de Manaus , está delimitada à Cidade de Manaus, no período 1991- 2000 e tem como objetivo geral investigar as características qualitativas e quantitativas dos Índices de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH), 1991-2000. Quanto aos os objetivos específicos, passa-se a enumerá-los: Verificar alguns dos melhores Índices de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) do Brasil e no exterior; examinar os melhores e os piores Índices de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) entre os municípios do Estado do Amazonas; analisar as Unidades de Desenvolvimento Humano (UDHs) do município de Manaus, bem como os IDHMs desta capital. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura com finalidades descritivas, explicativas e analíticas

Abstract The role of the thesis is to analyze the financial situation of households and changes in living standards in Slovakia since 2000 through the creation of economic crisis to the present. In the thesis are described in detail information about unemployment, income and economically active population, but also the inflow of foreign investment, social security, household indebtedness of individuals and social situation in the Slovak Republic. These indicators compared with countries of European Union Member States. This topic is very interested because of its topicality. I chose Slovakia for two reasons. The first is that I am citizen of the Slovak Republic and the second is the availability of statistical data and work with them. Keywords: social situation, GDP, HDI, unemployment, poverty, FDI