E. E. Cummings' avant-garde drama, Him (1927) is the subject of this study. As poet and painter, Cummings drew a picture of the play for the cover of the "sacrosanct" [his word) first edition. This picture is a unique psychological rebus-mandala. The rebus concept of the ancient Chinese picture puzzle was used by Freud as an indicator of mental illness and progressive cure. The related mandala was adopted by Carl Jung as a universal logo or archetypal symbol of the transcending psyche. Cummings' remarkable rebus-mandala cryptically depicts the themes of Him which involve the archetypes of birth and death and the poet's quest for love and transcendance. The play revolves like a prism in the mirror and its artist's symbol is the mystical mirror mandala showing E. E. Cummings' signature written in a mirror.Voluminous "Notes for the Plays" in the unsurpassed Harvard Houghton Library illuminate mysteries about the misunderstood Him. Cummings' own suggested references for understanding the play are introduced by his comment: "I feel that anyone who is seriously interested in Him will get a good idea of the way it's made if he or she will run through the following references."Chapter One: Cummings' Rubik-cube writing style.Chapter Two: 1. Cummings' "Notes for Him," includes a metaphor study; 2. An examination of his authorized shortened version of the play which enables a director to prepare a script from this chapter; 3. Structure: The word or logos as the "microcosm in the macrocosm."Chapter Three: 1. The unique mirror mandala is a crystal or visual equivalent of the play. 1 t is a logo of Him as a universal monomyth. 2. Extensive references that key the acts and scenes of Him to twelve noted psychological sources.Chapter Four: 1. Explication of the twenty-one scenes in order (100 pp.) on four planes or levels: Freudian, Jungian archetypal theory, literary and poetic considerations and transcendental theory 2. Play is concluded by a ten-column matrix showing inter-relationships of structure, theme, staging, and characters for a skeletal summary (coda) for the intricate play.Bibliography and 103 topics for research papers. The play is well suited to dramatic theory and seminar study.

The Helium Ion Microscope (HIM) is a new tool capable of imaging at resolutions not possible in the ubiquitous Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). However, along with this improvement in imaging, the helium ions used in HIM cause greater damage to samples. Reducing ion doses decreases the amount of damage incurred at the expense of increased noise in the final image. Motivated by the damage to samples inherent in HIM imaging, the possibility of imaging at low ion doses is investigated. A two-parameter Neyman Type A model of pixelwise Ion induced Secondary Electron (iSE) emission is introduced. This model takes into account randomness in both the Poisson emission of helium ions and the Poisson emission of iSE per each incident helium ion. HIM images are simulated for low ion doses. Using the Neyman Type A model, an image formation algorithm is developed using maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. This estimation procedure is regularized by sparsity in the wavelet domain to account for spatial correlations inherent in real world samples.

Objetivo: Evaluar el manejo terapéutico seleccionado por los estudiantes de pregrado, egresados y docentes de una Universidad privada de Lima en piezas dentarias con HIM Materiales y métodos: En este estudio se trabajo con 151 participantes, siendo estudiantes de pregrado, egresados y docentes entre los 20 a 42 años de una Universidad Privada en Chorrillos, Lima-Perú. Se les aplicó un cuestionario el cual se subdividió en 2 fases: tipo de material y tipo de preparación cavitaria con 3 casos de HIM con diferente grado de severidad. Para el análisis univariado, se procedió a obtener la estadística descriptiva, frecuencias absolutas y relativas (P<0.05). Resultados: En el caso 1 el tratamiento más seleccionado por todos los encuestados fue “Sellante de fisuras a base de material de ionómero de vidrio” siendo en pregrado 31(68.9%), egresados 37(47.43%) y docentes 19(67.86%). En el caso 2 el tratamiento más seleccionado fue “corona preformada” siendo en pregrado de 20(44.45%), egresados de 33(42.30%) y docentes 15(53.57%). En el caso 3 en la primera opción “Remover solo el esmalte blando y dañado” fue más elegida por egresados 45(57.69%). En la segunda opción “Remover mayor sustancia dental, pero dejar el borde de la preparación en esmalte hipomineralizado” fue más elegida por pregrado 27(60%). En cuanto a la tercera opción, “Remover todo el esmalte afectado con HIM y dejar el borde de la preparación en esmalte sano", fue más elegida por docentes 7(25%). También se observa que si hubo diferencia significativa entre el nivel de formación con manejo terapeutico. (p=0,000). Conclusiones: En base a los resultados encontrados es posible concluir que el tratamiento para HIM debe ser elegido de acuerdo a las características individuales de la pieza afectada, las cuales, determinaran el tipo de preparación cavitaria o el tipo de material a utilizar. / Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic management selected by undergraduate students, graduates and teachers of a private University of Lima in dental pieces with HIM. Materials and methods: In this study worked with 151 participants, being undergraduate students, graduates and teachers between the ages of 20 and 42 of a Private University in Chorrillos, Lima-Peru. A questionnaire was applied which was subdivided into 2 phases: type of material and type of cavitary preparation with 3 cases of HIM with different severity. For the univariate analysis, the descriptive statistics, absolute and relative frequencies were analyzed (P <0.05). Results: In case 1, the treatment most selected by all respondents was “glass ionomer fissure sealants” being undergraduate 31 (68.9%), graduates 37 (47.43%) and teachers 19 (67.86%). In case 2, the most selected treatment was “preformed crown” being undergraduate of 20 (44.45%), graduates of 33 (42.30%) and teachers 15 (53.57%). In case 3, in the first option “Remove only soft and damaged enamel”, it was most chosen by graduates 45 (57.69%). In the second option "Remove more dental substance, but leave the edge of the preparation in hypomineralized enamel" was most chosen by undergraduate 27 (60%). As for the third option, "Remove all the enamel affected with HIM and leave the edge of the preparation in healthy enamel", was most chosen by teachers 7 (25%). It is also observed that if there was a significant difference between the level of training with therapeutic management (p = 0,000). Conclusions: Based on the results found, it is possible to conclude that the treatment for HIM should be chosen according to the individual characteristics of the affected piece, which will determine the type of cavitary preparation or the type of material to be used. / Tesis

Les particules de suies émissent lors de la combustion incomplète de carburants fossiles et biosourcés sont reconnues comme étant un problème environnemental et sanitaire majeur. Il est essentiel d'acquérir une compréhension fondamentale de leur formation, dont l'étape de nucléation donnant naissance aux premières particules de suie, les nucléis, afin de développer des modèles capable de prédire leur formation et d'aider à la conception de dispositifs de combustion plus efficaces et plus propres. Ce travail démontre en combinant différentes techniques expérimentales: incandescence induite par laser (LII), granulométres SMPS et de microscopie à faisceau d'ions d’hélium (HIM) que ces nucléis ont une taille comprise entre 2 et 4 nm et sont capable d’émettre un rayonnement de type corps noir. Ces nucléis ont été étudiés dans des flammes prémélangées dites de nucléation dans lesquelles les particules de suie sont formées par nucléation, sans croissance de surface et standard où ces nucléis subissent les processus de croissance. Les résultats obtenus offrent une base de données expérimentale utile à l’amélioration des modèles cinétique de formation des suies notamment sur la phase de nucléation dans diffèrent carburants: n-butane et un mélange de n-butane et n-propylbenzene. Pour chaque carburant une flamme de nucléation et une flamme standard sont étudiées. La base de donnée comprend des profils d’espèces obtenus par chromatographie, profils de température mesurés par fluorescence induite par laser sur NO, les profils de fractions volumique de suies mesurés par LII et calibrés par extinction multi passage et les distributions de taille des particules de suies obtenus par SMPS et HIM. / Emission of soot formed from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biofuels and biomass is a serious concern due to soot’s harmful impact on human health, environment and its radiative forcing on climate. Gaining fundamental understanding of soot formation, particularly the nucleation step leading to the formation of the nascent soot particles, is critical to develop reliable predictive soot models and to help the design of more efficient and cleaner combustion devices. This work demonstrates that nascent soot particles in the size range of 2-4 nm are able to emit a black body radiation by combined Laser Induced Incandescence (LII), scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and helium-ion microscopy (HIM). These nascent soot particles are investigated in nucleation premixed flames in which soot particles are essentially formed by nucleation, without growth by soot surface processes and in standard sooting premixed flames in which growth processes occur. This work provides an extensive database for improvement of kinetics modelling of sooting flames with a focus on the soot nucleation in flames. Two kinds of fuels have been selected: n-butane and mixture of n-butane and n-propylbenzene. For each fuels two flames have been studied: a nucleation and a standard sooting flames. The database consist of species profiles obtained by online gas chromatography, temperature profiles measured by Laser induced fluorescence thermometry, soot volume fraction profiles obtained by LII calibrated by cavity ring-down extinction and particles size distributions obtained in n-butane flames by SMPS and HIM. From this database effect of equivalence ratio and fuel composition is analyzed.

L'objectif de ce travail est de montrer que l’'expertise peut-être une solution aux baisses de performances observées dans un paradigme de multitâche. Beaucoup d'expériences sur l'expertise expliquent que les experts vont mobiliser leurs connaissances antérieurement acquises afin de réaliser une tâche (stratégie top-down). Au contraire des novices, qui vont explorer le matériel de manière plus exhaustive en partant uniquement de l’objectif de la tâche à réaliser (stratégie bottom-up). Nous avons réalisé trois études. La première porte sur les patterns visuels des experts du jeu WoW. Alors que les experts devaient mémoriser des éléments d’une vidéo (simple vs complexe) tout en écoutant une histoire, on observe que lorsque le matériel est simple, les experts mettent en place une stratégie top-down, au contraire lorsque la tâche est plus complexe ils vont retourner progressivement à une stratégie bottom-up. Les novices, quant à eux suivront une stratégie bottom-up tout le long de l’expérience. La saillance capturerait le regard des novices, au contraire des experts qui arriveraient à l'inhiber. Grâce à ces résultats, nous avons mis à jour une grille d’heuristiques ergonomique. Enfin, nous avons étudié les patterns visuels dans un environnement plus écologique comme la réservation de billets d’avion en ligne. Les résultats, tout comme ceux de la première expérience, montrent le même type de pattern visuel trouvé dans les recherches n’impliquant que l’expertise. Les experts dans un domaine seraient aussi experts en multitâche dans ce domaine. De plus, la dernière expérience montre que les experts, quelques soient la charge de travail, mettent en place des stratégies top-down. / The aim of this project is to show how expertise can be a solution to the decrease of the performance in a multitasking paradigm. A lot of experience on the expertise explain that these experts will use their knowledge previously learned to explore an interface (top-down strategy). Unlike novices, who will explore the material in a more exhaustive way based on the objective of the task to be achieved (bottom-up strategy).We have carried out three studies to answer this problem. We studied the visual patterns of the WoW game experts, while asking them to memorize elements of a video (simple vs complex) and listening a story . We observe ambivalence in the strategy of exploration. Effectively, when the material is simple, experts will use a top-down strategy, and progressively with the complexity of the task, they will return to a bottom-up strategy. The novices, meanwhile, will follow a bottom-up strategy throughout the experience. The study of the map of salience shows that the attention of the novices will be captured by this one. This is not the case for experts who will inhibit it and explore the most important information for the task. From these results, we have updated an usability heuristic grid. Finally, we have completed this research by studying visual patterns in a more ecological context as booking airline tickets online. The results, like those of the first experiment, show the same type of visual pattern found in research involving only expertise. Experts in one field would also be experts in multitasking in this field. Moreover, in the last research, we found experts use all long these top-down’ strategy even on the more complex condition.

[pt] Gustavo Dahl (1938-2011), conhecido principalmente pelo seu trabalho de gestor nas duas principais instituições de cinema no Brasil: a Embrafilme (1975- 1979) e a Ancine (2002-2006), começou sua carreira como crítico de jornal e depois cineasta. Este trabalho debruça-se sobre os anos iniciais dessa trajetória quando o então jovem estudante, convidado por Paulo Emílio Sales Gomes, publica o primeiro artigo para o Suplemento Literário do jornal O Estado de S. Paulo (1958 -1961) e estende-se pelo período de estudos de cinema na Europa (1960-1964). Como método, privilegia-se a análise dos artigos e as correspondências do período europeu, quando Dahl teve por interlocutores: Paulo Emílio, Glauber Rocha, Paulo César Saraceni e Joaquim Pedro de Andrade. Na análise dos artigos observou-se o processo de aproximação do jovem crítico paulista com os jovens bossa novíssimos, nome que Glauber Rocha utilizou para nomear o grupo de diretores cujos primeiros filmes deram origem ao movimento. Na análise das cartas foi possível um entendimento mais alargado das relações entre Dahl e os jovens diretores de modo a ressaltar as diversas fases desse processo de aproximação, da desconfiança inicial para a profunda cumplicidade na defesa do novo cinema brasileiro. Por esta intersecção, foi possível apreender a atuação estratégica de Dahl na origem do Cinema Novo. Em jogo, o desejo de modernização do cinema brasileiro e sua inserção nas vanguardas artísticas da década de 1960, em consonância com os jovens cinemas do período: a nouvelle vague francesa, o cinema independente americano e o cinema revolucionário cubano. / [en] Gustavo Dahl (1938-2011), known mainly for his managerial work at the two major Brazilian film institutions: Embrafilme (1975-1979) and Ancine (2002- 2006), began his career as a film critic in newspapers and then became a filmmaker. This work focuses on the early years of this trajectory when the then young student, invited by Paulo Emílio Sales Gomes, publishes the first article for the Literary Supplement of the newspaper O Estado de S. Paulo (1958 -1961) and extends for the period of film studies in Europe (1960-1964). As a method, the analysis of articles and correspondence of the European period is favored, when Dahl had as interlocutors Paulo Emílio, Glauber Rocha, Paulo César Saraceni and Joaquim Pedro de Andrade. In the analysis of the articles, we observed the process of approaching the young São Paulo critic with the Young bossa novissimos, as Glauber Rocha used to name the group of directors whose first films gave rise to the movement. In the analysis of the letters it was possible to have a broader understanding of the relationship among Dahl and the young directors in order to emphasize the different phases of this process of approximation, from initial mistrust to deep complicity in the defense of the new Brazilian cinema. Through this intersection, it was possible to apprehend Dahl s strategic performance at the origin of Cinema Novo. At stake was the desire for the modernization of Brazilian cinema and its insertion in the artistic avant-garde of the 1960s, in consonance with the young cinemas of the period: the French nouvelle vague, the American independent cinema and the Cuban revolutionary cinema.

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Objectives: The aims of this study were to: 1) Assess whether naturally induced anti-HPV antibodies are associated with subsequent acquisition of genital HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 infections in men, 2) assess the recurrence (redetection) of genital HPV infections of the 9-valent vaccine HPV types and investigate factors associated with recurrent infections among men, and 3) assess the risk of type-specific sequential acquisition of anal HPV infection following a genital HPV infection of the 9-valent vaccine HPV types among men who have sex with women (MSW). Methods: 4,123 healthy men were followed every six months (median follow-up time 4.1 years). HPV antibodies were measured at baseline using a virus-like particle-based ELISA assay. Genital and anal HPV genotypes were detected using the Roche Linear Array assays. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox models were developed to assess associations between serum anti-HPV antibody and subsequent incident HPV infections. Individual type analyses and grouped analyses were carried out to assess type-specific recurrence of the 9-valent vaccine HPV types. Risk of sequential anal HPV infection was assessed by examining incident rate ratios (IRR) and adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) among men with a prior genital HPV infection compared to men without a prior genital HPV infection. Results: 1) Significantly higher rates of incident infections were observed for HPV 16 among baseline HPV 16 seropositive men (aHR 1.37, 95% CI 1.01-1.86). Risk of persistent HPV 18 infection was significantly lower among HPV 18 seropositive men in unadjusted models, but not in the adjusted model, while incident and six-month persistent HPV 6 and 11 infections did not differ by baseline serostatus. 2) Up to 31% of prior prevalent and 20% of prior incident HPV infections recurred over time in individual type analyses. New female sexual partners, frequency of sexual intercourse with female partners, and new male sexual partners were associated with type-specific recurrence of HPV infections (HPV 6, 16, 31 and 58). In grouped analyses, lifetime number of male sexual partners (aOR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.19-4.84) and number of new male sexual partners (aOR 2.35, 95% CI 1.16-4.74) were associated with recurrence of HPV infections. 3) In individual type analyses, men with a prior HPV 16 genital infection had a significantly higher risk of subsequent anal HPV 16 infection (aHR=4.63, 95% CI 1.41-15.23). Significantly higher HRs were observed for any of the nine HPV types (aHR= 2.8, 95% CI1.32-5.99), high risk HPV types (aHR=2.65, 95% CI 1.26, 5.55) and low risk HPV types (aHR=5.89, 95% CI1.29, 27.01) in grouped analyses. Conclusion: Baseline seropositive status among men was not associated with a reduction in subsequent incident genital HPV 6, 11, and 16 infections, but with a possible protective effect for persistent HPV 18 infections. Men are also susceptible to recurrence of type-specific genital HPV infections, and recurrence of HPV infection was associated with high-risk sexual behaviors. MSW men with prior genital HPV infections are more likely to have a subsequent type-specific anal HPV infection than men who did not have prior genital HPV infections. Understanding the natural history of HPV infections among men is essential to control HPV associated diseases in both men and women.

The increased use of technology has affected almost every aspect of how data are collected, stored, retrieved, and analyzed across the health care system. The health information management (HIM) workforce in the United States is predominantly composed of women. With HIM employment rising by 2020, additional education of the current workforce is a necessity. This qualitative phenomenological study evaluated women working with HIM associate degrees and RHIT certifications to determine their perceived need for advanced education for career advancement. This study used the social cognitive career theory (SCCT) to determine how women in HIM perceive needs based on self-efficacy, expected outcomes, and goals. The research questions evaluated education type, subject matters, and ability to advance. The study recruitment process included the use of HIM online research forums resulting and narrative inquiry data collection from 22 personal interviews across 19 states in the Unites States. Colaizzi's data analysis strategy demonstrated themes of HIM education access, barriers, preparedness, and role interests. The data gathered showed need and interest in further education directly correlated to time remaining in career and role aspirations. Recommendations for further research include evaluation of advanced HIM education needs in a male population or individuals with post-graduate education. To affect positive change, dissemination of this study's findings to HIM leaders may create awareness and rationale for women to obtain technology and data related advanced education. In addition, this study may influence educational institutions to promote HIM as a field of study and fill the anticipated gap in HIM field expertise in the coming decade.