<p>Bakgrund: Varje dag smittas i genomsnitt cirka 14 000 personer av HIV i världen. Ny behandling har gjort att dessa patienter idag lever längre. Sjukdomsförlopp samt komplikationer går inte att förutsäga utan är individuellt. Eftersom personer med HIV/AIDS-diagnos nu lever längre kommer behovet av arbetsterapeutiska insatser att öka. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva arbetsterapeutiska insatser för personer med HIV/AIDS samt vilken roll arbetsterapeuten har i arbetet kring dessa personer. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie gjordes för att få svar på syftet. Resultat: Vi har kommit fram till att arbetsterapeutiska insatser för personer med HIV/AIDS kan delas in i fem teman; Handledning, Hjälpmedel och anpassning, Undervisning, Förhållningssätt samt Existentiella frågor och andlighet. Arbetsterapeuten hjälper patienten att formulera målsättningar och att uppnå ökad självständighet genom att bland annat tillhandahålla hjälpmedel och bedriva utbildning. HIV/AIDS-patienters bakgrund är viktig att tänka på då den kan visa hur mottaglig en patient är för olika arbetsterapeutiska behandlingsmetoder. Slutsats: Arbetsterapeutiska insatser som används i arbetet med HIV/AIDS-patienter skiljer sig inte mot insatser riktade till andra patientgrupper.</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-113).

<p>This study aimed to explore the attitudes to HIV testing among a group of black, low socio-economic status pregnant women from Gugulethu, South Africa. The key research interest was to evaluate the attitudes and understandings of HIV/AIDS that underpin the decision to comply or not comply with prenatal HIV testing. Theories of health behaviour concur that the extent to which an individual will engage in a given health behaviour, such as HIV test compliance, will be a function of the extent to which a person believes she is personally susceptible to the particular illness and her evaluation of the severity of the consequences of contracting the disease.</p>

<p>The quantitative findings indicated high levels of HIV/AIDS knowledge, self-concept and self-efficacy. Risky sexual behaviour was measured in terms of condom use and the number of sexual partners in the 12 months prior to the study with males reporting significantly more risky sexual behaviour. More males (70% vs. 43 % females) reported no condom use when engaging in sex. More males (62 % vs. 28 % females) reported having had two or more sexual partners in the 12 months prior to the study. Results also suggested that an increase in knowledge of HIV/AIDS would predict an increase in the use of condoms particularly for males. Lower self-efficacy seemed to predict an increase in the number of sexual partners for males. The focus group discussions highlighted students' views of HIV/AIDS knowledge in relation to their sexual practices, attitudes and sexual decision-making. Influences such as personal factors (self-concept and self-efficacy), social factors (e.g. peer influences, gender, and status) and environmental factors (e.g. media) were investigated. Participants also commented on the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS campaigns and the adequacy in provision of health services at college and community level. From the findings, guidelines were developed which may be used to reflect on current intervention programmes and may be considered when developing future interventions programmes, policies, or campaigns in promoting safer sexual practices amongst youth as a means of addressing the HIV/AIDS pandemic.</p>

Syftet med studien var att öka kunskapen om och förståelsen för hiv-smittade narkomaner i kriminalvård. Den övergripande frågeställningen löd; Hur beskriver ett mindre urval av hiv-smittade narkomaner i föremål för kriminalvård sina tankar och känslor kring sin sjukdom och sin livssituation? Studien var av kvalitativ design och den vetenskapliga positionen av hermeneutisk karaktär. Det empiriska materialet bestod av intervjuer med fem hiv-smittade narkomaner i kriminalvård. Tre teman var grundläggande i intervjuerna; Tankar, känslor och reaktioner kring hiv-diagnosen, Existentiella frågor, drivkraft och copingstrategier samt Bemötande i och utanför kriminalvården. Studiens teoretiska perspektiv; kristeori, existentialistisk teori, upplevelseteori och hälsoteori, valdes i syfte att nå en ökad förståelse för intervjupersonernas upplevelse av sin livssituation. Studiens resultat och analys visade att hiv-smittan fått olika konsekvenser för de intervjuade. För tre personer blev livet bättre genom sjukdomen; två av dem menade att de annars skulle varit döda. För de övriga två innebar sjukdomen i stället att döden kommit närmare och grusat alla förhoppningar om ett bättre liv. Tolkningen visade att en möjlig förklaring till de olika förhållningssätten kunde bero på skillnader i vilken inre privat betydelse sjukdomen haft för de intervjuade, samt i vilken mån de lyckats komma igenom krisen.

Bakgrund: Varje dag smittas i genomsnitt cirka 14 000 personer av HIV i världen. Ny behandling har gjort att dessa patienter idag lever längre. Sjukdomsförlopp samt komplikationer går inte att förutsäga utan är individuellt. Eftersom personer med HIV/AIDS-diagnos nu lever längre kommer behovet av arbetsterapeutiska insatser att öka. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva arbetsterapeutiska insatser för personer med HIV/AIDS samt vilken roll arbetsterapeuten har i arbetet kring dessa personer. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie gjordes för att få svar på syftet. Resultat: Vi har kommit fram till att arbetsterapeutiska insatser för personer med HIV/AIDS kan delas in i fem teman; Handledning, Hjälpmedel och anpassning, Undervisning, Förhållningssätt samt Existentiella frågor och andlighet. Arbetsterapeuten hjälper patienten att formulera målsättningar och att uppnå ökad självständighet genom att bland annat tillhandahålla hjälpmedel och bedriva utbildning. HIV/AIDS-patienters bakgrund är viktig att tänka på då den kan visa hur mottaglig en patient är för olika arbetsterapeutiska behandlingsmetoder. Slutsats: Arbetsterapeutiska insatser som används i arbetet med HIV/AIDS-patienter skiljer sig inte mot insatser riktade till andra patientgrupper.

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mso-style-parent:"" / mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt / mso-para-margin-top:0cm / mso-para-margin-right:0cm / mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt / mso-para-margin-left:0cm / line-height:115% / mso-pagination:widow-orphan / font-size:11.0pt / font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif" / mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri / mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin / mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri / mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin / mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman" / mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi / mso-fareast-language:EN-US / } </style> <![endif]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt / line-height:115% / font-family:&quot / Times New Roman&quot / ,&quot / serif&quot / mso-fareast-font-family:&quot / Times New Roman&quot / mso-ansi-language:EN-ZA / mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA / mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">The Western Cape AIDS Training, Information and Counselling Centre (ATICC) primarily focuses on the development and provision of information and different types of training programmes on HIV/AID/STIs. The Director of the Health Service of the Cape Metropolitan Council was invited by ATICC to select seven health educators and nurses who were involved in health education and counselling in their local clinics to complete a six-month training course. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the ATICC training course on the counselling practice of trainees at their clinics.</span></p>

<p>The Western Cape AIDS Training,Information and Counselling Centre (ATICC) primarily focuses on the development and provision of information and different types of training programmes on HIV/AID/STIs. The Director of the Health Service of the Cape Metropolitan Council was invited by ATICC to select seven health educators and nurses who were involved in health education and counselling in their local clinics to complete a six-month training course. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the ATICC training course on the counselling practice of trainees at their clinics.</p>

Human immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a major health concern in the United States, as well as globally (CDC, 2001). Certain ethnic groups in the United States have more reported HIV/AIDS cases then others. In particular, African American adults and adolescents are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS. For that reason, there is a great need for prevention/intervention work within this population to decrease the growing number of HIV/AIDS cases. One prevention effort is the Youth Empowerment Project, which is an HIV/AIDS prevention program targeted to reduce risky behaviors in a Midwest African American adolescent population. A total of three hundred and ninety-four youth between the ages of 12-17 participated in this program over the course of three years. Participants were exposed to safer sex skill building, condom use negotiation with a partner, selfefficacy skills, and general refusal skills. This study examined the differences in self-efficacy of the participants and investigated the relationships found between self-efficacy and reported condom use. Participants were randomly assigned to either an HIV/AIDS safer sex class or a health promotion class. No significant differences in self-efficacy were found between the two groups. However, female participants were found to have higher self-efficacy than male participants. Reported sexual activity was low for this population, so no significant findings were discovered between selfefficacy and condom use. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology. / "July 2006." / Includes bibliographic references (leaves 44-51)

Injection drug users (IDUs) account for an estimated 44% of people living with HIV/AIDS in China and are the major driving force behind the expanding epidemic. Developing effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence interventions in the Chinese IDU population is a major challenge. In conjunction with ART scale-up in Yunnan province, our goal was to gather patient perspectives on ART and ideas for feasible adherence support. Between December 2005 and March 2006, eight focus groups with a total of 55 HIV positive IDUs were conducted at three sites in Yunnan to ascertain ART knowledge, barriers to adherence, and acceptable adherence support methods. Focus groups included ART experienced and naïve participants, and HIV positive IDUs in methadone maintenance clinics. Discussions were audiotaped, notes were transcribed and coded for analyses. All participants were former or current IDUs and 31 were from the rural countryside (59.6%), and 19 (36.5%) resided in a small city. ART was viewed positively but the principal barriers for urban IDUs were stigma and discrimination, while geography was the main problem for rural IDUs. Major themes were stratified between four components: knowledge, motivation, cues to action, and access to care. Adherence tools that were spontaneously endorsed included watches, pill boxes, and diaries. Directly observed therapy (DOT) within methadone programs was acceptable but community-based DOT would need to address stigma issues in urban areas. Two separate HIV epidemics exist within IDUs in China, stratified between small-city urban and rural populations. No single model for adherence will work and interventions must be broad-based. This study provides an expanded conceptual framework for ART adherence in the HIV positive IDU population, which includes the unique barriers posed by the ecological context surrounding this doubly-discriminated population.