Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:42:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francieli Mezzomo Franca.pdf: 9113266 bytes, checksum: 69739900e6b245fc96e4c04694f8f406 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-24 / In the path of Brazilian energy production, the dams have a leading role in the national development, but also in sociospatial transformations. This study examines the Salto Caxias Hydroelectric Power Plant, its economic and social role in the formation of territories in the urban community that had affected areas. The paper presents an overview of the Brazilian energy production and the sociospatial transformations resulting from the construction of dams, as well as a history of the Brazilian energy sector under the bias of the environmental issue. It was held a conceptual review of some geographic categories used constantly by the literature by studying tourism, such as landscape, place, space and territory, beyond the concept of leisure. Specify the tourism and recreation in the reservoirs and the production and consumption of space by their activities. The methodology used was based on the survey of literature on the topic and empirical research, through questionnaires, interviews and observations in situ. The results obtained allowed to understand the importance that the construction of the Salto Caxias dam had in the new sociospatial dynamics that originated in the urban communities affected. The tank formation as well as its use and use of its banks allowed the leisure and tourism practice in the region. The research revealed the tourism contribution of second homes for the production of space and the (re)creation of the territory. / Na trajetória da produção energética brasileira, as hidrelétricas têm papel preponderante no desenvolvimento nacional, como também, nas transformações socioespaciais. O presente estudo analisa a Usina Hidrelétrica de Salto Caxias, seu papel econômico e social na formação de territórios nos municípios que tiveram áreas atingidas. O trabalho apresenta uma contextualização da produção energética brasileira e as transformações socioespaciais decorrentes da construção de hidrelétricas, bem como, um histórico do setor energético brasileiro sob o viés da questão ambiental. Realiza-se uma revisão conceitual sobre algumas categorias geográficas utilizadas constantemente pela literatura ao se estudar o turismo, como paisagem, lugar, espaço e território, além do conceito de lazer. Especifica-se o turismo e o lazer nos reservatórios e a produção e o consumo do espaço por suas atividades. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se no levantamento de bibliografia sobre a temática e na pesquisa empírica, através da aplicação de questionários, de entrevistas e de observações in loco. Os resultados alcançados permitiram compreender a importância que a construção da UHE de Salto Caxias teve nas novas dinâmicas socioespaciais que se originaram nos municípios atingidos. A formação do reservatório bem como o seu uso e o uso de suas margens permitiram a prática de lazer e turismo na região. A pesquisa revelou a contribuição do turismo de segundas residências para a produção do espaço e a (re)criação do território.

Ce travail propose une méthodologie pour l'analyse du fonctionnement global d'un système HPP ainsi qu'une étude théorique et expérimentale des systèmes commutateur à plasma (POS), schéma LL et Compression de Flux. Une modélisation analytique des phases de fonctionnement est donnée pour évaluer leur rendement et les comparer. En s'appuyant sur un développement de la MHD Hall et sur un modèle de distribution du plasma, l'étude POS expose les modes de pénétration de B pendant la conduction et la transition vers la physique de l'ouverture. L'analyse des essais LL montre des spécificités (configuration de B, pertes) et conduit à un modèle électrique complet. L'usage du modèle analytique pour l'étude des essais CF révèle la circulation du courant dans l'épaisseur du plasma et son impact sur l'efficacité du schéma. Enfin, les performances des futures machines sont traduites en caractéristiques spécifiques aux schémas et comparées à l'expérience pour aborder leur viabilité et les travaux à venir.

Neurotoxins, in the general sense, represent novel chemical structures which when administered in vivo or in vitro, are capable of producing neuronal damage or neurodegeneration - with some degree of specificity relating to neuronal phenotype or populations of neurons with specific characteristics (.e., receptor type, ion channel type, astrocyte-dependence, etc.). The broader term 'neurotoxin' includes this categorization but extends the term to include intra- or extracellular mediators involved in the neurodegenerative event, including necrotic and apoptotic factors. Moreover, as it is recognized that astrocytes are essential supportive satellite cells for neurons, and because damage to these cells ultimately affects neuronal function, the term 'neurotoxin' might reasonably be extended to include those chemical species which also adversely affect astrocytes. This review is intended to highlight developments that have occurred in the field of 'neurotoxins' during the past 5 years, including MPTP/MPP+, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), meth-amphetamine; salsolinol; leukoaminochrome-o-semi-quinone; rotenone; iron; paraquat; HPP+; veratridine; soman; glutamate; kainate; 3-nitropropionic acid; peroxynitrite anion; and metals (copper, manganese, lead, mercury). Neurotoxins represent tools to help elucidate intra- and extra-cellular processes involved in neuronal necrosis and apoptosis, so that drugs can be developed towards targets that interrupt the processes leading towards neuronal death.

The Swedish national plan for reapproval of hydropower describes that hydropower plants (HPPs) are required to be reassessed to ensure that modern environmental conditions are set for the permits. Since dams and HPPs create barriers for migrating fish and consequently disfavor biological diversity, one consequence of the national plan is that fishways are being constructed. This, in combination with an old, unfinished approval procedure from the 1960’s, resulted in the construction of three up- and downstream fishways in Mora municipality, at the HPPs in Spjutmo, Blyberg and Väsa. To fulfill requirements in regard to the fishway’s incline and safety, but at the same time minimize the need of space, the fishways have new, innovative and not yet tested design features. One of these features is the “parking garage” layout of the upstream fishway. Despite these features, the fishways take up a large amount of space and thus require large amounts of blasting, excavation and materials such as concrete and steel parts. These are climate impact influence intensive procedures and materials, but the construction has so far not been evaluated from a climate impact perspective. This, in combination with a lack of studies on the climate impact of fishways, has resulted in this project.The aim of this project was to examine the climate impact caused by the fishways in Spjutmo and Blyberg, to identify what affects the total climate impact as well as providing measures that could reduce the climate impact for future similar fishways. To provide an extensive overview of the climate impact that the fishways cause during their entire lifetime, the method life cycle analysis (LCA) was used. The construction of the fishways at Väsa HPP starts later than for Spjutmo and Blyberg, and therefore Väsa is excluded from the scope due to the lack of required information.The fishways in Spjutmo and Blyberg have the same design features, but the material consumptions differ due to their differences in head. Spjutmo’s head is 21,4 meter and Blyberg’s is 11 meter. A larger head generally results in a longer fishway which in turn results in a more material consuming construction. This resulted in the total life cycle climate impact being twice as big for Spjutmo as for Blyberg, 2 807 tonne CO2-eq respectively 1 361 tonne CO2-eq. The resource extraction is the LCA- phase that contributes the most. Concrete and its reinforcement have the biggest share of that impact, followed by mechanical parts and other steel products, road construction process in Spjutmo and the excavation process in Blyberg. Based on this result, it can be concluded that the materials and components contribute more to the fishways’ total climate impact, rather than processes. Roughly 80 % of the total climate impact origins from the upstream fishway, while the rest either stems from the downstream fishway or others. Sensitivity analyses include the climate impact caused by the fishways using some water that otherwise could have been used to generate electricity from, and the result indicates that all examined alternative energy sources would result in larger climate impact compared to if the electricity was generated by hydropower.One of the result’s uncertainties is that the fishways were under construction while this project was performed. Therefore some assumptions was made to compensate for lack of data. For example, the future electricity consumption was scaled up based off the then used electricity data. However, even if some amounts of required materials and processes changed as time went by, the changes did not make a significant difference from the bigger perspective. Sensitivity analyses that examined the climate impact of a delay in the construction also showed that the processes that are most likely to continue turned out to have a relatively small climate impact. Thus, this issue might not be as problematic as initially thought.Although the result is presented in total values, the result is also provided per a functional unit (FU) level in accordance with traditional LCA methodology. This was to facilitate a comparison for future LCAs on other fishways. The FU in this project was decided to be “One meter head for a technical, stationary, up- and downstream fishway in connection to a medium or large run-of-river hydropower plant in a cold tempered climate zone”. For future studies, LCAs on different types of fishways using the proposed FU is recommended.