With the rising electricity, raw material and fossil fuel prices, as well as the relatively low selling price of steel, the steel industry has been put under strain to produce steel as cost–effectively as possible. Ideally the industry requires a cost–effective, stable source of energy to cater for its electricity and energy needs. Modern High Temperature Reactors are in a position to provide industries with not only electricity, but also process heat. Therefore, a study was conducted into the economic viability of centering the steel industry on nuclear power. This study considered 3 technology options: a nuclear facility to cater for solely the electricity needs of the steel industry; a nuclear facility producing hydrogen for the process needs of the steel industry; and a nuclear facility co–generating electricity and process heat for the steel industry. An economic model for each of the 3 scenarios was developed that factored in the various cost considerations for each of the 3 options. In general, this included the construction costs, operational and maintenance cost, build time and interest rate of the financed amount. For each option, the model calculated the cost of production per unit output. The outputs were electricity for option 1, hydrogen for option 2, and both electricity and process heat for option 3. Each model was optimised based on a realistic best case scenario for the capital and operational costs and respective best case cost per unit outputs for each of the options were calculated. Using the optimised cost model, it was shown that electricity produced from nuclear power was more cost effective than current electricity prices in South Africa. Similarly, it was shown that a nuclear facility could produce heat at a more cost–effective means than by the combustion of natural gas. Hydrogen proved to be not cost effective compared to reformed natural gas as a reducing agent for iron ore. Based on the cost savings, a cash–flow analysis showed that the payback period for a nuclear power plant that produced electricity for the steel industry would be around 12 years at 0% interest and 15 years at 5% interest. Due to the long payback period and lack of certainty in the steel industry, any steel manufacturer would opt for purchasing electricity from a nuclear based electricity utility rather than building a facility themselves. Savings of over $70 million/year were achievable for a 2 million tonne/year electric arc furnace. Overall this analysis showed that electricity generation is the only viable means for nuclear power to be integrated with the steel manufacturing industry. / Thesis (M.Ing. (Nuclear Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Effects of temperature and light intensity on photofermentative hydrogen production by Rhodobacter capsulatus DSM1710 by use of acetic and lactic acids as substrates were studied. Experiments were conducted at 20, 30 and 38oC incubator temperatures under light intensities in the 1500 &ndash / 7000 lux range. pH of the medium and quantity of hydrogen forming together with quantity of biomass, and concentrations of acetic, lactic, formic, butyric and propionic acids in the medium were determined periodically. Growth took place and hydrogen was produced under all experimental conditions. Growth was found to increase with increase in temperature but to decrease with increase in light intensity. Total hydrogen produced increased with light intensity up to 6000 lux at 20oC, 5000 lux at 30oC and 3000 lux at 38oC and decreased beyond these values. Medium temperature of about 30oC was found to be optimum for cumulative hydrogen. pH was found to increase slightly and almost all of lactic acid and most of acetic acid was consumed while formic, butyric and propionic acids were first formed and then consumed in the experiments. Growth data fitted well to the logistic model and hydrogen production data fitted well to the Modified Gompertz Model. Lactic acid was found to be almost completely consumed by first order kinetics in early times. Consumption of acetic acid was found to follow zero order kinetics in the early times when lactic acid existed in the system but the order shifted to one later when most of lactic acid was consumed.

Facultative phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus has two c-type electron carrier cytochromes (cyt) / the soluble cyt c2 and the membrane-attached cyt cy, that act as electron carriers during respiratory and photosynthetic growth of this species. Previously, a soluble form of cyt cy was constructed by fusing genetically the signal sequence of cyt c2 to the cyt c domain of cyt cy. The obtained novel soluble cyt cy (cyt S-cy) was unable to support photosynthetic growth of R. capsulatus but yielded photosynthetically functional (Ps+) revertants frequently. In the first part of this study, photosynthetic electron transfer properties of some of Ps+ revertants of cyt S-cy were analyzed by biochemical and biophysical methods and compared with the cyt cy and cyt c2. Reduction-oxidation titration of membrane supernatants showed that the redox midpoint potential of cyt S-cy was +338 mV which is similar to midpoint potentials of cyt cy or the cyt c2. However, light-activated, time resolved spectroscopy revealed that reaction center mediated oxidation kinetics of cyt S-cy exhibited only a slow phase, unlike cyt c2 which has both fast and slow phases. It therefore appeared that during electron transfer cyt S-cy does not interact with the reaction centre as tightly as cyt c2. These findings imply that attaching electron carrier cyts to the membrane allowed them to weaken their interactions with their partners, while restricting their spatial diffusion, so that they accomplish rapid multiple turnovers. In the second part of this study, hydrogen production of various R. capsulatus strains harboring the genetically modified electron carrier cytochromes, cyt cbb3 deleted and Qox deleted strains were compared with the wild type. Under photoheterotrophic growth conditions with limiting nitrogen source, the excess reducing equivalents generated by organic acid oxidation are consumed to reduce protons into hydrogen by the activity of nitrogenase in R. capsulatus. The results indicated that the hydrogen production of mutant strains with modified electron carrier cytochromes decreased 3-5 folds, and the hydrogen production rate of the cyt cbb3- mutant increased significantly. Moreover in this study, the hydrogen production efficiency of different R. capsulatus strains was increased by the chromosomal inactivation of uptake hydrogenase genes and enzymatic activity of uptake hydrogenase of R. capsulatus strains were determined.

Hydrogen production by photosynthetic bacteria occurs under illumination in the presence of anaerobic atmosphere from the breakdown of organic substrates, which is known as photofermentation. In this study, single-stage and two-stage process development were investigated for photofermentative hydrogen production from olive mill wastewater by Rhodobacter sphaeroides O.U.001 within indoor and outdoor photobioreactors. It was proven that diluted olive mill wastewater (OMW) could be utilized for photobiological hydrogen production as a sole substrate source. However, pretreatment of the system is needed to reduce the dark color and bacteriostatic effects of OMW. In this study, several two stage processes including pretreatment of OMW followed by photofermentation were investigated to increase the hydrogen production yields in addition to the significant remediation of OMW. Explored pretreatment methods contain chemical oxidation with ozone or Fenton&rsquo / s reagent, photodegradation by UV radiation, adsorption with clay or zeolite and dark fermentation with acclimated or non-acclimated sewage sludge. Among these different two-stage processes / clay treatment method resulted the highest hydrogen production capacity. As a result of clay pretreatment, 65% of the initial color and 81% of the phenolic content were decreased. Hydrogen production capacity was 16 LH2/LOMW without pretreatment, while it was enhanced up to 29 LH2/LOMW by two-stage processes. Moreover, clay pretreatment process made it possible to utilize highly concentrated OMW (50% and 100%) media for hydrogen production and for remediation. On the aspects of environment, treatment of OMW was achieved in the present work. The final composition of the organic pollutants in the effluent of two-stage processes was below the wastewater discharge limits. The overall results obtained throughout this study may open a new opportunity for the olive oil industry and for the biohydrogen area as a result of the effective biotransformation of OMW into hydrogen gas and valuable by-products.

Hydrogen is considered to be an important potential energy carrier; however, its advantages are unlikely to be realized unless efficient means can be found to produce it without generation of CO2. Sorption-enhanced steam methane reforming (SE-SMR) represent a novel, energy-efficient hydrogen production route with in situ CO2 capture, shifting the reforming and water gas shift reactions beyond their conventional thermodynamic limits. The use of fluidized bed reactors for SE-SMR has been investigated. Arctic dolomite, a calcium-based natural sorbent, was chosen as the primary CO2-acceptor in this study due to high absorption capacity, relatively high reaction rate and low cost. An experimental investigation was conducted in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor of diameter 0.1 m, which was operated cyclically and batchwise, alternating between reforming/carbonation conditions and higher-temperature calcination conditions. Hydrogen concentrations of >98 mole% on a dry basis were reached at 600°C and 1 atm, for superficial gas velocities in the range of ~0.03-0.1 m/s. Multiple reforming-regeneration cycles showed that the hydrogen concentration remained at ~98 mole% after four cycles. The total production time was reduced with an increasing number of cycles due to loss of CO2 -uptake capacity of the dolomite, but the reaction rates of steam reforming and carbonation seemed to be unaffected for the conditions investigated. A modified shrinking core model was applied for deriving carbonation kinetics of Arctic dolomite, using experimental data from a novel thermo gravimetric reactor. An apparent activation energy of 32.6 kJ/mole was found from parameter fitting, which is in good agreement with previous reported results. The derived rate expression was able to predict experimental conversion up to ~30% very well, whereas the prediction of higher conversion levels was poorer. However, the residence time of sorbent in a continuous reformer-calciner system is likely to be rather low, so that only a fraction of the sorbent is utilized, highlighting the importance of the carbonation model at lower conversions. A dual fluidized bed reactor for the SE-SMR system was modeled by using a simple two-phase hydrodynamic model, the experimentally derived carbonation kinetics and literature values for the kinetics of steam reforming and water gas shift reactions. The model delineates important features of the process. Hydrogen concentrations of >98 mole% were predicted for temperatures ~600°C and a superficial gas velocity of 0.1 m/s. The reformer temperature should not be lower than 540°C or greater than 630°C for carbon capture efficiencies to exceed 90%. Operating at relatively high solid circulation rates to reduce the need for fresh sorbent, is predicted to give higher system efficiencies than for the case where fresh solid is added. This finding is attributed to the additional energy required to decompose both CaCO3 and MgCO3 in fresh dolomite. Moreover, adding fresh sorbent is likely to result in catalyst loss in the purge stream, requiring sorbents with lifetimes comparable to those of the catalyst. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to study the reversible CO2-uptake of sorbents. In general, the multi-cycle capacity of the dolomite was found rather poor. Therefore, synthetic sorbents that maintain their capacities upon multiple reforming-calcination cycles were investigated. A low-temperature liquid phase co-precipitation method was used for synthesis of Li2ZrO3 and Na2ZrO3. Li2ZrO3 showed a superior multi-cycle capacity compared to Arctic dolomite in TGA, but the rate of reaction in diluted CO2 atmospheres was very slow. The synthesized Na2ZrO3 proved to have both fast carbonation kinetics and stable multi-cycle performance. However, regeneration in the presence of carbon dioxide was not easily accomplished. The findings of this thesis suggest that the bubbling fluidized bed reactor is an attractive reactor configuration for SE-SMR. Low gas throughput is the major disadvantage for this configuration, and operation in the fast fluidization regime is most likely to be preferred on an industrial scale of the process. Future work should focus on developing sorbents and catalysts that are suited for high velocity operation, with respect to reactivity and mechanical strength.

Η ρύπανση του περιβάλλοντος και η εξάντληση των ορυκτών καυσίμων έχουν φέρει την ανάγκη για νέες ανανεώσιμες πηγές καυσίμων, όπως το υδρογόνο ειδικά όταν παραχθεί με ηλεκτρολυτική μέθοδο. Σ' αυτήν την εργασία, παρασκευάσαμε και αξιολογήσαμε ηλεκτρόδια(λεπτά υμένια) για την αποτελεσματική παραγωγή υδρογόνου. Χρησιμοποιήσαμε την ηλεκτροαπόθεση για την παρασκευή των λεπτών υμενίων σε υπόστρωμα χαλκού. Πιο συγκεκριμένα αποθέσαμε λεπτά υμένια με βάση το νικέλιο. Τα υμένια Ni-Fe, Ni-Zn, Ni-Co-Zn, Ni-Mo-Zn, Ni-Mo-Fe και Ni-Mo-Fe-Zn παρασκευάστηκαν με ηλεκτροαπόθεση. Τα ηλεκτρόδια χρησιμοποιήθηκαν ως κάθοδοι σε μια συσκευή ηλεκτρόλυσης τύπου Hoffmann, ώστε να εξεταστούν ως προς την παραγωγή υδρογόνου. Για περαιτέρω χαρακτηρισμό των ηλεκτροδίων πραγματοποιήθηκαν μετρήσεις υπερδυναμικού για αρκετές πυκνότητες ρεύματος. Μέσω των διαγραμμάτων Tafel λάβαμε χρήσιμα πειραματικά αποτελέσματα όπως η κλίση Tafel και η πυκνότητα ρεύματος ανταλλαγής. Τέλος εικόνες SEM μας έδωσαν πληροφορίες για τη μορφολογια και τις ηλεκτροκαταλυτικές ιδιότητες των λεπτών φιλμ. / The environmental pollution and the depletion of fossil fuels have brought the need for new renewable fuels, such as hydrogen, especially when it has been produced with electrolytic process. In this work, we report on the preparation and evaluation of special electrodes (thin film alloys) for high efficiency H2 production. We are using the electrochemical deposition method copper is used as substrate. In particular we have deposited films of the transition metal Ni on copper substrates. films Ni-Fe, Ni-Zn, Ni-Co-Zn, Ni-Mo-Zn, Ni-Mo-Fe and Ni-Mo-Fe-Zn are produced using the electrochemical deposition method. These electrodes are used as cathodes in an electrolyte cell of the Hoffmann type in order to examine their efficiency in producing hydrogen. Furthermore, in order to consider the individual characteristics of the electrodes, measurements of overpotentional for several current densities were taken. In addition to the previous measurements, the Tafel plot has given useful experimental results. The most important from the Tafel plot, is the Tafel slope and the exchange current density. Finally SEM images gave more accurate results on the morphology and the electrocatalytic properties of the thin film alloys.

Τα τελευταία χρόνια έχουν ενταθεί οι προσπάθειες για την ανάπτυξη νέων και φιλικών προς το περιβάλλον τεχνολογιών για την παραγωγή ενέργειας από ανανεώσιμες πηγές, όπως η ηλιακή ενέργεια, με χρήση ευρέως διαθέσιμων και χαμηλού κόστους πρώτων υλών, όπως το νερό και η βιομάζα. Μια πολλά υποσχόμενη διεργασία στην κατεύθυνση αυτή είναι η παραγωγή υδρογόνου μέσω της φωτοκαταλυτικής αναμόρφωσης προϊόντων και παραγώγων βιομάζας σε υδατικά αιωρήματα ημιαγωγών, κυρίως διοξειδίου του τιτανίου (TiO2). Στην παρούσα εργασία μελετάται η δυνατότητα ανάπτυξης φωτοκαταλυτών με βάση το TiO2, οι οποίοι θα χαρακτηρίζονται από υψηλότερη απόκριση στο ορατό και μεγαλύτερη ενεργότητα στην αντίδραση αναμόρφωσης των οργανικών ενώσεων. Οι φωτοκαταλύτες που μελετήθηκαν ήταν TiO2 (Degussa P25) ενισχυμένο με μικρές ποσότητες αμετάλλων (N, P) ή μετάλλων (Li, Na, K, Cs, Ca). Στα υλικά αυτά εναποτέθηκε λευκόχρυσος (0.5 wt.%) με στόχο τη μελέτη της επίδρασής του στη φωτοκαταλυτική ενεργότητα και εκλεκτικότητα Επιπρόσθετα, πραγματοποιήθηκε κινητική μελέτη της αντίδρασης της φωτοκαταλυτικής αναμόρφωσης της γλυκερόλης (εξ.1) σε αιώρημα καταλύτη 0.5% Pt/TiO2, το οποίο ακτινοβολείται με φως στην περιοχή που απορροφά το TiO2. (1) Από τα αποτελέσματα προκύπτει οτι :  H προσθήκη των αμετάλλων (Ν-Ρ) παρότι προκαλεί αύξηση της απόκρισης του φωτοκαταλύτη στο ορατό έχει αρνητικές επιπτώσεις στο ρυθμό παραγωγής υδρογόνου.  H προσθήκη του CaΟ οδηγεί στη δημιουργία νέων ζωνών στο ενεργειακό χάσμα του ημιαγωγού μετατοπίζοντας έτσι την περιοχή απορρόφησης του σε μήκη κύματος που αντιστοιχούν στο ορατό φάσμα, χωρίς όμως η μετατόπιση αυτή να συνοδεύεται από τη δημιουργία ημιαγωγών με βελτιωμένη φωτοκαταλυτική ενεργότητα.  H φωτοκαταλυτική ενεργότητα του TiO2 βελτιώνεται με την προσθήκη αλκαλίων σύμφωνα με την ακόλουθη σειρά TiO2<Na<Cs<Li<K.  Με άυξηση τόσο της έντασης της προσπίπτουσας ακτινοβολίας, όσο και της συγκέντρωσης της γλυκερόλης αλλά και του φωτοκαταλύτη, ο ρυθμός παραγωγής υδρογόνου αυξάνεται / During the last years, intensive efforts have been made for the development of new and environmentally friendly technologies for energy production from renewable sources such as solar energy, using widely available and low cost raw materials, such as water and biomass. A well promising procedure to achieve this goal is the production of hydrogen through the photocatalytic reforming of products and derivatives of biomass in aqueous suspensions, mainly titanium dioxide (TiO2). In the present study, we investigated the potential of developing photocatalysts based on TiO2, that could be characterized by higher response to visible light and higher photocatalytic activity in the reforming of organic compounds. The photocatalysts studied were based on TiO2 (Degussa P25) dopped with small quantities of non-metals (N, P) or metals (Li, Na, K, Cs, Ca). The above were impregnated with platinum (Pt) 0.5 wt.%, in order to study its effect on the photocatalytic activity and selectivity. Moreover, a kinetic study of the reaction of glycerol reforming (Eq.1) in suspension of 0.5% Pt/TiO2 catalyst, irradiated by light in the absorption area of TiO2 was further performed (1) The results show that :  Although the addition of non-metals (N,P) causes an increase in the response of the photocatalyst in visible light, it also has a negative effect on the hydrogen production rate.  The addition of CaΟ results in the formation of new band gap zones of the semiconductor, shifting its absorption area into wavelengths that correspond to visible light, although this shift was not associated with the formation of semiconductors with improved photocatalytic activity.  The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 was improved by the addition of alkali according to the following order TiO2<Na<Cs<Li<K.  The rate of hydrogen production increases by increasing both the power of the induced irradiation, as well as the concentration of glycerol and photocatalyst.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:28:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Neste trabalho, foi estudada a decomposição catalítica do metano sobre catalisadores coprecipitados, à base de Co-Al, para produção de hidrogênio e nanotubos de carbono. Foram testados catalisadores com diferentes proporções de cobalto e alumínio, bem como o efeito da adição de outros metais bivalentes (Mg, Ni, Zn ou Cu) ao sistema Co-Al. Os catalisadores foram caracterizados por TGA-DTA, DRX, TPR, TPO e imagens de MEV. As reações foram conduzidas em uma termobalança operando como reator diferencial, com 10 mg de catalisador. A faixa de temperatura analisada foi de 500-750°C. Os melhores resultados em termos de atividade e estabilidade foram obtidos com o catalisador Co66Al33. A adição de outros metais bivalentes não melhorou o desempenho do catalisador, principalmente porque esses metais afetaram a redutibilidade do catalisador. Para o catalisador que apresentou os melhores resultados (Co66Al33), foram realizados testes em diferentes temperaturas e condições reacionais. Os resultados mostraram que a forma de ativação afeta o desempenho deste catalisador, de forma que o catalisador pré-ativado produziu maiores quantidades de hidrogênio, nas reações a 550, 600 e 700°C. No entanto, a 650°C, a amostra autoativada teve desempenho semelhante à pré-ativada, inclusive mostrando-se mais ativa após certo tempo de reação. A caracterização do carbono depositado mostrou que todos os catalisadores produziram nanotubos de carbono. As imagens de microscopia eletrônica por varredura (MEV) mostraram a presença de filamentos mais longos e abundantes na amostra Co50Al50. As análises de oxidação a temperatura programada (TPO) indicaram que os nanotubos de carbono são de parede simples (SWNT). Para o catalisador Co66Al33, as análises de TPO indicaram maior produção de SWNT por parte das amostras pré-ativadas. / In this work, we studied the catalytic decomposition of methane over coprecipitated Co-Al based catalysts, for production of hydrogen and carbon nanotubes. Tests were performed with catalysts containing different Co-Al molar ratios, as well as with addition of other divalent metals (Mg, Ni, Zn, or Cu) to Co-Al system. The samples were characterized by TGA-DTA, XRD, TPR, TPO and SEM images. Activity tests were carried out in a thermobalance, operating as a differential reactor, with 10 mg of catalyst. The temperature range studied was 500-750°C. The best results in terms of activity and stability were obtained with the catalyst Co66Al33. Addition of other divalent metals did not improve the catalyst performance, mainly because these metals affected the catalyst reducibility. For the best results sample (Co66Al33), additional tests were performed at different temperatures and reaction conditions. Results showed that the activation method affects the catalyst performance, so as pre-activated sample produced more hydrogen than auto-activated sample, at 550, 600 and 700°C of reaction temperature. Nevertheless, at 650°C, auto-activated sample had performance almost similar to the pre-activated sample, even showing higher activity after a period of reaction. Characterization of deposited carbon showed that all catalysts produced carbon nanotubes. The images of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed formation of longer and abundant filaments in the sample Co50Al50. Temperature programmed oxidation analyses indicated that filaments are single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT). For the catalyst Co66Al33, TPO analyses indicated a higher production of SWNT by pre-activated samples.

O hidrogênio é considerado uma fonte ideal de energia, pois sua combustão não gera contaminantes, apenas água. Dentre os processos disponíveis para produção de hidrogênio, destaca-se a decomposição catalítica do metano, pois, ao contrário do que ocorre na reforma a vapor e na oxidação parcial, nesta rota não há produção de CO. O objetivo deste trabalho é o estudo cinético e a determinação da taxa da reação de decomposição do metano sobre catalisador tipo óxido misto (Cu-Ni-Al) para obtenção de hidrogênio de alta pureza. O catalisador foi separado em quatro faixas de granulometria a fim de se determinar a influência da difusão interna à partícula na velocidade da reação, e o critério de Mears foi utilizado para avaliar o efeito da difusão externa. Os resultados obtidos mostram que, nas condições estudadas, os efeitos difusivos não influenciam significativamente a velocidade da reação. A seguir, a reação foi realizada sob diferentes temperaturas (500 a 600°C) e concentrações de metano (0,5 a 1,2 mol m-3), para determinação da equação da taxa. Observou-se que a reação é de primeira ordem, com uma energia de ativação de 50655 J mol-1. Além do hidrogênio, a reação forma carbono que se deposita na superfície do catalisador causando sua desativação. Os efeitos da regeneração do catalisador por oxidação deste carbono também foram investigados. Repetidos ciclos de reaçãoregeneração foram executados, sendo a regeneração realizada por oxidação do carbono com ar sintético ou por oxidação e redução. A oxidação foi conduzida a diferentes temperaturas (500 a 600°C) e intervalos de duração (20 a 75 min), com a reação ocorrendo em condições severas (600°C e 1,2 mol m-3 de metano). A melhor condição de regeneração, ou seja, aquela que permite um maior número de ciclos com baixa perda de atividade, foi determinada. Observou-se, também, que o carbono depositado apresenta a forma de nanotubos, os quais têm se tornado um dos campos mais ativos da nanociência e da nanotecnologia, devido a suas propriedades excepcionais. Os nanotubos de carbono formados durante a reação foram analisados, quanto a sua estrutura, por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). / Hydrogen is considered the ideal source of energy, because its combustion doesn't generate pollutants, just water. The catalytic decomposition of methane stands out among the available processes for hydrogen production because, unlike steam reform and partial oxidation, in this route there is not production of CO. The objective of this work is the kinetic study and the reaction rate determination of methane catalytic decomposition over Cu-Ni-Al catalyst for pure hydrogen production. In order to determinate the limiting step, reaction was conducted using four catalyst particle size ranges and the Mears criterion was applied. The external diffusion effects and diffusion in porous catalysts step do not influence significantly the reaction rate in the studied conditions. The reaction was carried out in a thermobalance with different temperatures (500 to 600°C) and methane concentrations (0.5 to 1.2 mol m-3) to determining the reaction rate. It was observed that the reaction is of first order, with activation energy of 50655 J mol-1. The reaction also forms carbon, which is deposited on the catalyst surface causing deactivation. The carbon oxidation for catalyst regeneration was also investigated. Repeated reaction-regeneration cycles were carried out, being the regeneration composed by oxidation or by oxidation and reduction. The oxidation was carried out at different temperatures (500 to 600°C) and times (20 to 75min), with the reaction happening in severe conditions (600°C and methane concentration of 1.2 mol m-3). The best regeneration condition, that is, the condition that allows a larger number of cycles with low activity loss, it was determined. It was also observed that the deposited carbon is in the nanotubes form, which has exceptional properties. The structure of carbon nanotubes formed during the reaction was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).