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Silvopastoral management has potential to diversify and increase the output from livestock production systems. Silvopasture production offers solutions to many management issues associated with grazing systems in the Appalachian region. Several tree species have been proposed for silvopastures in humid temperate regions, but little data comparing animal performance from systems with different deciduous tree species are available. Forage and animal performance was compared from open systems (i.e., no trees) with that from silvopastures containing 13-yr-old honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos) or black walnut (Juglans nigra) trees. Cool-season grass-legume pastures were rotationally stocked with hair sheep crosses from mid-June through September. The objective of this project was to determine carcass characteristics and meat quality of hair sheep crosses grazing honey locust or black walnut silvopastures in comparison with traditional pasture systems. Forage production varied by year with black walnut having lower production, especially in the 2009 season with black walnut producing less forage compared to open pastures and honeylocust silvopastures (P=0.0008). Only small differences in forage nutritive value were observed. Total gains and average daily gains (ADG) did not differ by treatment in 2008, but during the 2009 season black walnut silvopastures produced half the total gains (P=0.0427) and ADG (P=0.0513) of open pastures and honeylocust silvopastures. Carcass characteristics evaluated did not vary among treatments except hot carcass weight with black walnut having lower weights (P=.0045). Meat quality characteristics did not vary among treatments (P>0.1). Shear force and fat content showed great differences and varied by year (P<0.05). Overall, carcass and meat quality was similar for all treatments showing great promise for silvopastures. / Master of Science

Mit der Zucht von Haarschafen reagieren Schafhalter weltweit auf die veränderte Situation des internationalen Woll- und Textilmarktes. Schafwolle ist nach wie vor ein wertvoller nachwachsender Rohstoff für die Textilindustrie, sie wird vorwiegend als Feinwolle benötigt und kostengünstig in Australien und Südamerika produziert. In Europa rückte bereits in den fünfziger Jahren die Fleischproduktion über das Schaf immer mehr in den Mittelpunkt. Schafrassen mit hoher Mastleistung und sehr guter Schlachtkörperqualität bestimmten die züchterischen Aktivitäten der letzten Jahrzehnte. In Deutschland begann die Haltung von Haarschafrassen zunächst im Hobbybereich zur Vermeidung von Schurkosten. Diesen Punkt aufgreifend begann die gezielte Zucht einer speziellen Haarschafpopulation mit dem NOLANA-Projekt der Fachhochschule Osnabrück im Jahr 1995. In der ersten Phase der Arbeit wurden hierbei regionale Schafhalter im Arbeitsgebiet der Fachhochschule einbezogen. Im Jahr 1998 begann eine erweiterte Zusammenarbeit mit anderen wissenschaftlichen Einrichtungen, in die auch das vorliegende Projekt und das Lehr- und Versuchsgut Köllitsch der Sächsischen Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft einbezogen worden sind.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pregnancy, breed, and hair coat on body temperature and sweating rate (SR) of hair sheep. St. Croix White (STX; = 9) and Dorper × STX (DRPX; = 9) ewes (3.6 yr of age) were evaluated over 4 d at 126 d of gestation (PREG) and over 4 d at 46 d postpartum (OPEN) in the shade and sun and in the morning (AM; 0900 to 1200 h) and afternoon (PM; 1300 to 1600 h) after a 20 min acclimation to each condition on each day. Data loggers recorded vaginal temperature (VT) at 10-min intervals for 96 h. Rectal temperature (RT) was measured using a digital veterinary thermometer, and respiration rate (RR) was measured as breaths per minute (bpm). Sweating rate was calculated from measured air properties passing over a shaved (300 cm) and unshaved area of the ewes' body using a portable calorimeter. Data were analyzed using GLM procedures of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC) with breed, pregnancy status, sun exposure, and time of day as main effects. Mean temperature, relative humidity, temperature-humidity index, wind speed, and solar radiation on the days of data collection were 28.2°C, 82.8%, 80.3, 4.2 km/h, and 237.5 W/m, respectively. There was no difference ( > 0.10) in RT, RR, and SR between DRPX and STX ewes. The PREG ewes had lower RT ( < 0.007) and SR ( < 0.0001) and higher RR ( < 0.007) than OPEN ewes (38.5 ± 0.2 vs. 39.1 ± 0.2°C, 70.2 ± 3.1 vs. 88.3 ± 3.1 g⋅m⋅h, and 79.5 ± 2.2 vs. 72.1 ± 2.2 bpm, respectively). During the PM, RR, RT ( < 0.05), and SR ( < 0.006) were higher than in the AM. In the sun, RR ( < 0.001) and SR ( < 0.0001) were higher than in the shade, but there was no difference ( > 0.10) in RT. There was no difference in SR ( > 0.10) between the shaved and unshaved area of the ewe. The DRPX ewes had higher ( < 0.0001) VT than STX ewes. The PREG ewes had higher ( < 0.001) VT than OPEN ewes during the night time and lower VT than the OPEN ewes during the day time ( < 0.0001). The OPEN ewes had a greater ( < 0.009) daily range of VT than PREG ewes did (2.5 ± 0.4 vs. 1.1 ± 0.4°C, respectively), but there was no breed difference ( > 0.10). Hair coat did not have an influence on the SR of the ewes, and PREG ewes appeared to use increased respiration as opposed to sweating to help control RT. The narrower range of body temperature, measured as VT, of PREG compared to OPEN ewes may be a protective mechanism for the developing fetus.

This dissertation compares immune responses of resistant and susceptible sheep to infection with Haemonchus contortus during the peri-parturient period and larval stage of infection. Identification of immunological events resulting in parasite resistance in St. Croix hair sheep may provide better targets for differential gene expression analysis and eventual discovery of selectable markers for parasite resistance. Antibody levels of hair ewes and composite Dorset x Finnsheep-Rambouillet wool ewes were measured during breeding and again after parturition. Results demonstrated that hair ewes had higher levels immunoglobulin-A after infection and maintained a higher level of circulating antigen-specific antibody when compared to wool ewes. To characterize immune responses to the larval stage of infection, hair and wool lambs were sacrificed at 0, 3, 5, and 7 d after infection with H. contortus. Neutrophil migration to abomasal mucosa and lymph node development were higher in hair sheep than in wool sheep. Gene expression analysis indicated no difference in the abomasal lymph node as both breeds expressed a general T-helper cell type 2 (TH2) response. However, profound differences in TH2 responses were observed in the abomasal mucosa, where hair sheep expressed more IL-4, -13 and -33 than wool sheep. These data thus document the presence of immunological differences between the breeds. Immune responses to larval parasite infection in wool sheep are generally suppressed and may increase the magnitude and duration of infection whereas immune responses to larval infection in hair sheep was more robust and more strongly polarized towards a TH2 / Ph. D.

Foram realizados quatro trabalhos visando avaliar a substituição da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) do feno de &#39:coastcross&#39: (Cynodon sp.) pela FDN da casca de soja (CS) sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes em cordeiros e sobre a produção e composição de leite, comportamento ingestivo e atividade ovariana pós-parto de ovelhas Santa Inês. Todas as rações experimentais foram isonitrogenadas, contendo teores semelhantes de FDN e balanceadas de acordo com o NRC (1985). O tratamento controle foi uma ração composta de 70% de feno na matéria seca (MS) da ração (CS0), sendo a FDN proveniente do feno substituída em 33% (CS33), 67% (CS67) e 100% (CS100) pela FDN proveniente da CS. No experimento de digestibilidade, 24 cordeiros Santa Inês (42,5 &#177; 3,6 kg PV e 6 meses de idade) foram arranjados em delineamento blocos completos casualizados definidos pelo peso vivo (PV). No experimento de produção, composição de leite, comportamento ingestivo e retorno da atividade ovariana pós-parto, 56 ovelhas (56 &#177; 0,5 kg PV) foram individualmente alojadas em baias cobertas e distribuídas em delineamento blocos completos casualizados definidos pelo número, tipo e data do parto, além do sexo das crias. As ovelhas foram ordenhadas manualmente, uma vez por semana, da segunda até a oitava semana de lactação (data do desmame). A produção diária foi estimada pelo cálculo do total de gramas obtido durante o intervalo de 3h. As observações de comportamento foram feitas a cada cinco minutos durante 24h. A colheita de sangue foi feita pela veia jugular, duas vezes por semana, da segunda até a décima segunda semana pós-parto. O retorno da atividade ovariana pós-parto foi definido quando a concentração sérica de P4 foi &#8805; 1 ng/mL. As digestibilidades da matéria orgânica (P < 0,05), da FDN (P < 0,05) e da fibra em detergente ácido (P < 0,01) apresentaram efeito quadrático com a inclusão de CS, enquanto a digestibilidade da proteína bruta (PB) apresentou decréscimo linear (P < 0,0001). Efeito quadrático (P < 0,01) foi observado na produção de leite em 3h (142,4; 179,8; 212,6; 202,9 g) e no consumo de MS (2,27; 2,69; 3,25; 3,00 kg/dia). Os teores de gordura (7,59; 7,86; 7,59; 7,74%), de proteína (4,53; 4,43; 4,40; 4,55%) e sólidos totais (18,24; 18,54; 18,39; 18,64%) foram similares (P > 0,10). Houve efeito linear decrescente (P < 0,001) com a inclusão de CS no tempo de ingestão (min/dia, min/g MS e min/g FDN) e no tempo de ruminação e de mastigação (min/g MS e min/g FDN). Não houve diferença (P > 0,10) no número de dias necessários ao retorno da atividade ovariana. Em média, 34,5 dias foram necessários para a primeira ovulação. A CS é um interessante substituto à forragem na ração de ovinos Santa Inês e pode ser usada em altos teores na MS da ração. A utilização de intervalo entre partos menor do que oito meses é viável para ovelhas Santa Inês. / Four trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing coastcross hay neutral detergent fiber (NDF) by soybean hulls (SH) NDF on nutrient digestibility of lambs and milk yield, milk composition, ingestive behavior and postpartum ovarian activity of Santa Inês ewes. Experimental diets were formulated to meet NRC (1985) requirements and to provide a similar amount of NDF and crude protein (CP). Hay NDF from a 70% roughage-based diet (SH0) was replaced with SH NDF by 33% (SH33), 67% (SH67) and 100% (SH100). In the digestibility trial, 24 Santa Inês ram lambs (42.5 &#177; 3.6 kg of BW and 6 months old) assigned in a complete randomized block design defined by body weight (BW) were allotted in suspended metabolism crates. In the milk yield, milk composition, ingestive behavior and postpartum ovarian activity trials, 56 lactating ewes (initial BW 56.0 &#177; 0.5) were penned individually and used in a complete randomized block design according to parity, type of rearing (single or twin), offspring gender and lambing date. Ewes were milked by hand once a week, from second to eighth week of lactation (weaning time). Milk production was recorded in a 3h-interval. Behavior observations were visually recorded in a five-min interval during 24h. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture two times a week, from the first to the twelfth week after lambing. Ovarian activity resumption was defined when P4 concentration was &#8805; 1 ng/mL. Organic matter digestibility showed a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) with SH inclusion while CP digestibility showed a linear decrease (P < 0.0001). Quadratic effect was also observed for NDF digestibility (P < 0.05) and acid detergent fiber digestibility (P < 0.01). A quadratic effect (P < 0.01) for 3-h milk production (142.4, 179.8, 212.6, 202.9 g) and dry matter intake (2.27, 2.69, 3.25, 3.00 kg/day) was observed as SH level increased from 0 to 85%. Milk fat (7.59, 7.86, 7.59 and 7.74%), protein (4.53, 4.43, 4.40 and 4.55%) and total solids (18.24, 18.54, 18.39 and 18.64%) were similar (P > 0.10) for SH0, SH33, SH67 and SH100, respectively. Ingestion time (min/day, min/g DM and min/g NDF) and time expended in rumination and chewing activities (min/g DM and min/g NDF) showed a linear decrease (P < 0.001) with addition of SH in the diets. There was no treatment effect (P > 0.10) on ovarian activity resumption. The mean value for the first ovulation was 34.5 days. SH are an interesting forage replacer for sheep diets and may be used in high levels of inclusion. A lambing interval shorter than eight months is possible for Santa Inês ewes.

Foram realizados quatro trabalhos visando avaliar a substituição da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) do feno de &#39:coastcross&#39: (Cynodon sp.) pela FDN da casca de soja (CS) sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes em cordeiros e sobre a produção e composição de leite, comportamento ingestivo e atividade ovariana pós-parto de ovelhas Santa Inês. Todas as rações experimentais foram isonitrogenadas, contendo teores semelhantes de FDN e balanceadas de acordo com o NRC (1985). O tratamento controle foi uma ração composta de 70% de feno na matéria seca (MS) da ração (CS0), sendo a FDN proveniente do feno substituída em 33% (CS33), 67% (CS67) e 100% (CS100) pela FDN proveniente da CS. No experimento de digestibilidade, 24 cordeiros Santa Inês (42,5 &#177; 3,6 kg PV e 6 meses de idade) foram arranjados em delineamento blocos completos casualizados definidos pelo peso vivo (PV). No experimento de produção, composição de leite, comportamento ingestivo e retorno da atividade ovariana pós-parto, 56 ovelhas (56 &#177; 0,5 kg PV) foram individualmente alojadas em baias cobertas e distribuídas em delineamento blocos completos casualizados definidos pelo número, tipo e data do parto, além do sexo das crias. As ovelhas foram ordenhadas manualmente, uma vez por semana, da segunda até a oitava semana de lactação (data do desmame). A produção diária foi estimada pelo cálculo do total de gramas obtido durante o intervalo de 3h. As observações de comportamento foram feitas a cada cinco minutos durante 24h. A colheita de sangue foi feita pela veia jugular, duas vezes por semana, da segunda até a décima segunda semana pós-parto. O retorno da atividade ovariana pós-parto foi definido quando a concentração sérica de P4 foi &#8805; 1 ng/mL. As digestibilidades da matéria orgânica (P < 0,05), da FDN (P < 0,05) e da fibra em detergente ácido (P < 0,01) apresentaram efeito quadrático com a inclusão de CS, enquanto a digestibilidade da proteína bruta (PB) apresentou decréscimo linear (P < 0,0001). Efeito quadrático (P < 0,01) foi observado na produção de leite em 3h (142,4; 179,8; 212,6; 202,9 g) e no consumo de MS (2,27; 2,69; 3,25; 3,00 kg/dia). Os teores de gordura (7,59; 7,86; 7,59; 7,74%), de proteína (4,53; 4,43; 4,40; 4,55%) e sólidos totais (18,24; 18,54; 18,39; 18,64%) foram similares (P > 0,10). Houve efeito linear decrescente (P < 0,001) com a inclusão de CS no tempo de ingestão (min/dia, min/g MS e min/g FDN) e no tempo de ruminação e de mastigação (min/g MS e min/g FDN). Não houve diferença (P > 0,10) no número de dias necessários ao retorno da atividade ovariana. Em média, 34,5 dias foram necessários para a primeira ovulação. A CS é um interessante substituto à forragem na ração de ovinos Santa Inês e pode ser usada em altos teores na MS da ração. A utilização de intervalo entre partos menor do que oito meses é viável para ovelhas Santa Inês. / Four trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing coastcross hay neutral detergent fiber (NDF) by soybean hulls (SH) NDF on nutrient digestibility of lambs and milk yield, milk composition, ingestive behavior and postpartum ovarian activity of Santa Inês ewes. Experimental diets were formulated to meet NRC (1985) requirements and to provide a similar amount of NDF and crude protein (CP). Hay NDF from a 70% roughage-based diet (SH0) was replaced with SH NDF by 33% (SH33), 67% (SH67) and 100% (SH100). In the digestibility trial, 24 Santa Inês ram lambs (42.5 &#177; 3.6 kg of BW and 6 months old) assigned in a complete randomized block design defined by body weight (BW) were allotted in suspended metabolism crates. In the milk yield, milk composition, ingestive behavior and postpartum ovarian activity trials, 56 lactating ewes (initial BW 56.0 &#177; 0.5) were penned individually and used in a complete randomized block design according to parity, type of rearing (single or twin), offspring gender and lambing date. Ewes were milked by hand once a week, from second to eighth week of lactation (weaning time). Milk production was recorded in a 3h-interval. Behavior observations were visually recorded in a five-min interval during 24h. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture two times a week, from the first to the twelfth week after lambing. Ovarian activity resumption was defined when P4 concentration was &#8805; 1 ng/mL. Organic matter digestibility showed a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) with SH inclusion while CP digestibility showed a linear decrease (P < 0.0001). Quadratic effect was also observed for NDF digestibility (P < 0.05) and acid detergent fiber digestibility (P < 0.01). A quadratic effect (P < 0.01) for 3-h milk production (142.4, 179.8, 212.6, 202.9 g) and dry matter intake (2.27, 2.69, 3.25, 3.00 kg/day) was observed as SH level increased from 0 to 85%. Milk fat (7.59, 7.86, 7.59 and 7.74%), protein (4.53, 4.43, 4.40 and 4.55%) and total solids (18.24, 18.54, 18.39 and 18.64%) were similar (P > 0.10) for SH0, SH33, SH67 and SH100, respectively. Ingestion time (min/day, min/g DM and min/g NDF) and time expended in rumination and chewing activities (min/g DM and min/g NDF) showed a linear decrease (P < 0.001) with addition of SH in the diets. There was no treatment effect (P > 0.10) on ovarian activity resumption. The mean value for the first ovulation was 34.5 days. SH are an interesting forage replacer for sheep diets and may be used in high levels of inclusion. A lambing interval shorter than eight months is possible for Santa Inês ewes.

Submitted by Luara Afonso de Freitas null (luaraa.freitas@gmail.com) on 2018-02-28T12:52:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FREITAS_2018.pdf: 2467849 bytes, checksum: d131127bf0cf93ad3b5bfccd0626241b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alexandra Maria Donadon Lusser Segali null (alexmar@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-02-28T13:18:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 freitas_la_me_jabo.pdf: 2467849 bytes, checksum: d131127bf0cf93ad3b5bfccd0626241b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-28T13:18:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 freitas_la_me_jabo.pdf: 2467849 bytes, checksum: d131127bf0cf93ad3b5bfccd0626241b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O uso de raças ou animais resistentes aos endoparasitas dentro do sistema de produção de ovinos de carne é uma das alternativas mais eficientes para se obter maior produção. O controle dos acasalamentos entre animais aparentados é de grande importância para reduzir perdas na produção pelo aumento da homozigose de alelos deletérios. O peso corporal é uma das características de maior importância econômica em ovinos e pode ser registrado ao longo da vida de um mesmo animal. Os modelos de regressão aleatória na avaliação genética de medidas longitudinais são geralmente recomendados para estimar parâmetros genéticos de dados longitudinais. As análises multivariadas são um conjunto de métodos estatísticos que torna possível a análise simultânea de medidas múltiplas para cada indivíduo ou fenômeno observado. Este trabalho teve como objetivos: (1) analisar a estrutura populacional e verificar o efeito da endogamia sobre características fenotípicas de crescimento e resistência a verminose, (2) comparar estruturas (homogeneidade e heterogeneidade de variâncias) para modelar a variância residual em modelos de regressão aleatória, (3) avaliar a influência desta modelagem na estimação de parâmetros genéticos a fim de determinar o modelo mais apropriado para estudar o crescimento e a resistência à verminose e (4) avaliar a associação genética e explorar o perfil genético da produção de carne e resistência à verminose em ovinos da raça Santa Inês. O banco de dados fenotípico conteve 2.159 registros de peso corporal oriundos de 753 animais, 1.468 registros de volume globular provenientes de 476 animais e 981 registros de contagem de ovos por grama de fezes oriundos de 375 animais entre 30 a 900 dias de idade medidos mensalmente e registros de pedigree de 2.410 animais da raça Santa Inês. Os animais foram divididos em 10 classes de idade (CI90 = 30 a 90 dias de idade CI180= 91 a 180 dias de idade, CI270= 181 a 270 dias de idade, CI360= 271 a 360 dias de idade, CI450= 361 a 450 dias de idade, CI540= 451 a 540 dias de idade, CI630= 541 a 630 dias de idade, CI720= 631 a 720 dias de idade, CI810= 721 a 810 dias de idade, CI900= 811 a 900 dias de idade). A estrutura do pedigree foi analisada utilizando o programa Endog 4.8. As análises de estimação dos componentes de variância foram realizadas por meio de modelo animal unicaracterística de regressão aleatória pelo método de máxima verossimilhança restrita utilizando polinômios de Legendre. O critério da informação bayesiana foi utilizado para selecionar o melhor modelo. A análise de componentes principais foi realizado no software STATISTIC e a analise de agrupamento hierárquico e não hierárquico no software R. Foi observado aumento no coeficiente de endogamia até a 6ª geração máxima, aumento do parentesco médio e da porcentagem de animais endogâmicos até a 7ª geração máxima. O polinômio de Legendre de ordem 3 (intercepto, linear e quadrático) proporcionou o melhor ajuste dos dados para peso corporal, volume globular e contagem de ovos por grama de fezes. A seleção dos animais poderia ser feita com base no peso corporal a partir de 271 dias de idade, pois a estimativa de herdabilidade foi de 0,23 (0,03) e foram altas as correlações genéticas do peso corporal nesta idade com a maioria dos pesos corporais nas demais idades, exceto com peso corporal medida entre 30 a 90 dias de idade. A seleção destes animais para resistência a verminose se realizada poderá ser pouco eficiente devido às baixas estimativas de herdabilidade para volume globular (0,09±0,01 a 0,18±0,02) e contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (0,01±0,02 a 0,17±0,03), portanto, o ganho genético será a longo prazo. A seleção para peso corporal poderia trazer ganhos genético favoráveis para a característica volume globular devido à proximidade das características no eixo do componente principal um. Nas análises de agrupamento apenas um dos três grupos genéticos identificados apresentou perfil genético indicado para a seleção para peso corporal e volume globular. / The use of resistant animals to gastrointestinal nematode parasites within the meat production system is one of the most efficient alternatives to increase meat yield in sheep. The control of mating between related animals is of great importance to reduce losses in meat production by increasing the homozygosity of deleterious alleles. Application of Random regression models in the genetic evaluation of longitudinal measurements is generally recommended to adjust growth curves and to estimate genetic parameters of longitudinal data. The multivariate analyzes are a set of statistical methods that make possible the simultaneous analysis of multiple measures for each individual or observed phenomena. The aims of this study were: (1) to analyze the population structure and verify the effect of inbreeding on phenotypic traits of growth and resistance to gastrointestinal nematode parasites, (2) to compare structures (homogeneity and heterogeneity of variances) to model residual variance in random regression models, (3) to study the influence of this modeling in the estimation of genetic parameters in order to determine the most appropriate model to study the growth and resistance to gastrointestinal nematode parasites curves, and (4) evaluate the genetic association and explore the genetic profile of meat production and resistance to gastrointestinal nematode parasites in Santa Inês sheep. The data contained 2,159 body weight records from 753 animals, 1,468 mean corpuscular volume records from 476 animals and 981 records of fecal egg counts from 375 animals and pedigree information from 2,410 in Santa Ines sheep. The animals were divided into 10 age classes (CI90 = 30 to 90 days of age CI180 = 91 to 180 days of age, CI270 = 181 to 270 days of age, CI360 = 271 to 360 days of age, CI450 = 361 to 450, CI540 = 451 to 540 days of age, CI630 = 541 to 630 days of age, CI720 = 631 to 720 days of age, CI810 = 721 to 810 days of age, CI900 = 811 to 900 days of age). The structure of the pedigree was analyzed using the program Endog 4.8. Analyzes of the variance component estimates were performed using a one-trait model of random regression using the restricted maximum likelihood method. The Bayesian information criterion was used to select the best model. The principal component analysis was performed in STATISTIC software and hierarchical and non-hierarchical analysis grouping was performed in the software R. There was an increase in the inbreeding coefficient up to the 6th maximum generation and also an increase in the average relatedness and in the percentage of inbred animals up to the 7th maximum generation. Genetic correlation estimates for all traits in the age classes presented values close to the unit at close weighings, with a reduction in the magnitude of the correlations as the time interval between weighings increased. The Legendre polynomial of order 3 (intercept, linear and quadratic) provided the best fit of the data for body weight, mean corpuscular volume, and fecal egg counts. The selection of the animals could be made based on body weight from 271 days of age, as the heritability estimate was moderate, 0.23 (0.03), and showed high genetic correlations with most body weights, except with body weight from 30 to 90 days of age. Selection of these animals for resistance to gastrointestinal nematode parasites if carried out may result in low efficiency due to the low estimates of heritability for the mean corpuscular volume (0.09 ± 0.01 to 0.18 ± 0.02) and fecal egg counts (0.01 ± 0.02 to 0.17 ± 0.03), therefore, the genetic gain will be low and in the long term. The selection of body weight could bring favorable genetic gains to the mean corpuscular volume due to the proximity of the traits in the axis of the main component one. In cluster analysis, only one of the three genetic groups identified has a genetic profile indicated for selection for the studied traits. / 2016/10583-1

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar a utilizaÃÃo da ultrassonografia e qualidade de carne de cordeiros Santa InÃs de diferentes classes sexuais submetidos à restriÃÃo alimentar. Foram utilizados 30 cordeiros, 15 castrados e 15 nÃo castrados, com aproximadamente dois meses de idade e peso corporal inicial mÃdio de 13,00  1,49 kg. Os cordeiros foram distribuÃdos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 3x2 (nÃvel de restriÃÃo x classe sexual), de acordo com a quantidade de alimento fornecida. A duraÃÃo do experimento foi determinada pelo tempo necessÃrio para que a mÃdia de peso corporal dos animais de um dos tratamentos atingisse 28 kg, ocasiÃo em que todos os 30 animais foram abatidos. NÃo houve interaÃÃo significativa entre os nÃveis de restriÃÃo e a classe sexual para Ãrea de olho de lombo (AOL), espessura de gordura subcutÃnea (EGS), profundidade do Longissimus dorsi na lombar (PLDL) e espessura de gordura subcutÃnea na lombar (EGSL) no momento do abate. Possivelmente, devido à reduÃÃo na oferta do alimento, a AOL, a EGS, a PLDL e a EGSL apresentaram valores mÃdios reduzidos em funÃÃo do aumento no nÃvel de restriÃÃo alimentar. Houve interaÃÃo entre os nÃveis de restriÃÃo alimentar e as datas de mensuraÃÃo para AOL, EGS, PLDL e EGSL. Foram observadas correlaÃÃes significativas entre as caracterÃsticas in vivo e as caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa. A AOL por ultrassonografia in vivo foi altamente correlacionada com a medida desta variÃvel na carcaÃa, demonstrando a eficiÃncia do mÃtodo. Houve interaÃÃo entre os nÃveis de restriÃÃo alimentar e as classes sexuais para as variÃveis intensidade de amarelo e pH no mÃsculo Longissimus lumborum e para forÃa de cisalhamento no mÃsculo Semimembranosus. Para os animais nÃo castrados, a intensidade de amarelo foi maior para o nÃvel de 30% de restriÃÃo no mÃsculo Longissimus lumborum. NÃo houve interaÃÃo significativa entre os nÃveis de restriÃÃo e a classe sexual para os aspectos de qualidade relacionados à saturaÃÃo de cor, tonalidade da cor, luminosidade, intensidade de vermelho, capacidade de retenÃÃo de Ãgua e perda de peso por cocÃÃo para os mÃsculos Longissimus lumborum e Semimembranosus. Cordeiros Santa InÃs submetidos à restriÃÃo alimentar apresentam menores valores para AOL, EGS, PLDL e EGSL, sendo estas avaliadas in vivo. Embora a restriÃÃo alimentar e a classe sexual tenham influenciado as variÃveis relacionadas à qualidade da carne dos animais avaliados, os valores mÃdios observados sÃo considerados aceitÃveis pela literatura. Os nÃveis de restriÃÃo alimentar e a classe sexual influenciaram algumas caracterÃsticas importantes da qualidade da carne de cordeiros Santa InÃs. / The objective of the present study to evaluate the use of ultrasound and quality lamb meat Santa InÃs of different sex class subjected to food restriction. Were used thirty Santa InÃs lambs, 15 castrated and 15 nonâcastrated, with approximately two months of age and initial body weight in average of 13  1.49 kg. The lambs were assigned to a completely randomized design in a 3x2 factorial arrangement (levels of feed restriction x sex class), according to the amount of food provided. Experiment period was determined based in the time required for the animals one of the groups achieved 28 kg of body weight in average, when all 30 animals were slaughtered. There was no significant interaction between restriction levels and sexual class to rib eye area (REA), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), depth of Longissimus dorsi in the lumbar (DLDL) and thickness of subcutaneous fat in the lumbar (TSFL) at slaughter. Possibly due reduction in food supply, the REA, the SFT, the DLDL and The TSFL showed average values reduced in function increase levels of feed restriction. There was interaction between levels of feed restriction and the measurement dates to REA, SFT, DLDL and TSFL. Significant correlations were observed between the in vivo characteristics and carcass characteristics. The REA by ultrasound in vivo was highly correlated with the measure of this variable in the carcass, demonstrating its efficacy. There was interaction between levels of feed restriction and sex classs for the variables intensity of yellow and pH in Longissimus lumborum and shear force in Semimembranosus muscle. To animals non-castrated, the intensity of yellow was higher with 30% restriction on the Longissimus lumborum. There was no significant interaction between restriction levels and sexual class to quality aspects related to color saturation, color tone, luminosity, red intensity, water retention capacity and weight loss for cooking for Longissimus lumborum and Semimembranosus muscles. Santa Ines lambs subjected to food restriction have lower values for REA, SFT, DLDL and TSFL, which are valued in vivo. Although feed restriction and sexual class have influenced the variables related to the meat quality of animals evaluated, the mean values observed are considered acceptable in the literature. The food restriction levels and sexual class influenced some important features of meat quality Santa Ines lamb.

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