Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-17T15:25:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-03-03. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-09-17T15:48:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000844031_20160225.pdf: 302005 bytes, checksum: d7de49b71732267bd0dc7f6635246bac (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2016-02-26T14:03:52Z: 000844031_20160225.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-02-26T14:04:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000844031.pdf: 1179682 bytes, checksum: 523919910a45d85bc6d02e781b6bcb24 (MD5) / Os Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) são doenças neuropsiquiátricas complexas, com etiologia e manifestações clínicas muito variáveis. Tais manifestações são observadas antes dos três anos de vida. A prevalência é alta na população, com uma proporção de quatro homens afetados para cada mulher afetada. Em apenas 10-25% dos casos um fator etiológico é observado, genético ou ambiental, dependendo da composição da casuística e das técnicas laboratoriais utilizadas. Há descrições de centenas de genes e regiões genômicas associadas com a predisposição, por apresentarem mutações e variações no número de cópias (CNVs) e a maior parte tem expressão no sistema nervoso central, principalmente em sinapses. Entre os genes candidatos, se destacam o SHANK2 e o SHANK3, ainda não estudados em casuísticas brasileiras. No SHANK2, localizado em 11q13.2, já foram descritas mutações em sete de seus 25 éxons, enquanto no SHANK3, localizado em 22q13 e com 23 éxons, também há descrições de mutações em vários éxons, mas especialmente em três. Muitas mutações nestes dois genes foram observadas em autistas, mas não em indivíduos controles, o que sugere seu envolvimento na etiologia da doença. Este estudo investigou mutações nos éxons 11, 13 e 22 do gene SHANK2 e nos éxons 2, 6 e 22 do SHANK3, que são os mais frequentemente envolvidos nos achados em TEA. O estudo dos seis éxons foi realizado por sequenciamento direto, em 200 afetados e os resultados foram comparados a um banco de dados com os de 566 controles saudáveis. Onze alterações, seis no gene SHANK2, uma delas ainda não descrita, e cinco no gene SHANK3, todas não descritas anteriormente. Nenhum paciente apresentou mais de uma alteração em SHANK2 ou SHANK3, ou nos dois genes. Os resultados mostraram que mutações nos genes SHANK2 e SHANK3 são frequentes na população brasileira com TEA e estão relacionadas com a etiologia destas doenças... / The Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are complex neuropsychiatric diseases, with widely etiology and clinical manifestations. Such manifestations are observed before three years of life. The prevalence is high in the population, with a ratio of four affected men for each affected woman. In only 10-25% of cases an etiological factor is observed, genetic or environmental, depending of the composition of samples and laboratory techniques used. There are descriptions of hundreds of genes and genomic regions associated with predisposition, they present mutations and copy number variations (CNVs) and most have expression in the central nervous system, especially at synapses. Among the candidate genes, we highlight the SHANK2 and the SHANK3, not yet studied in Brazilian subjects. In SHANK2, located in 11q13.2, mutations have been described in seven of its 25 exons, while in SHANK3 located at 22q13 with 23 exons, there are descriptions of mutations in several exons, but especially three. Many mutations in these two genes were observed in autistic patients, but not in healthy controls, suggesting an involvement in the etiology of the disease. This study investigated mutations in exons 11, 13 and 22 of SHANK2 gene and exons 2, 6 and 22 of SHANK3, which are most often involved in ASD findings. The study of six exons was performed by direct sequencing, in 200 affected and the results were compared to a genome bank with 566 healthy controls. Eleven alterations were found, six on SHANK2 gene, one not yet described, and five in SHANK3 gene, all not previously described. No patient had more than one alteration in SHANK2 or SHANK3, or both genes. The results showed that mutations in SHANK2 and SHANK3 gene are frequent in the Brazilian population with ASD and are related to the etiology of these diseases. However, the clinical relevance of each of the alterations found should be investigated. This study may help...

No / Background - Although there is a wealth of research into the kinematic coupling between the foot and shank, it remains unclear whether the relationship is stable across speed and mode of gait. The aim of this study was to determine whether the coupling relationship between the forefoot, rearfoot and shank differed between walking and running, and across different running speeds. Methods Twelve subjects walked/ran barefoot over-ground at one walking and three running speeds. The shank, rearfoot and forefoot were modelled as rigid segments and three-dimensional joint kinematics were determined using a seven camera ProReflex system. Coupling between the forefoot, rearfoot and shank was assessed using cross-correlation and vector coding techniques. Findings Cross-correlation of rearfoot eversion/inversion with shank internal/external rotation was lower in walking (r=0.49) compared to running (r>0.95). This was also the case between rearfoot frontal plane and forefoot sagittal plane motion (walking, r=¿0.80; running, r=¿0.96). Rearfoot frontal plane and forefoot transverse plane cross-correlation was high in both running and walking (r>0.90), but there was little evidence of any coupling between rearfoot frontal plane and forefoot frontal plane motion in any condition. No differences in cross-correlations were found between the three running speeds. Interpretation Kinematic coupling between the forefoot, rearfoot and shank was weak during walking relative to running. In particular, the low cross-correlation between rearfoot eversion/inversion and shank internal/external rotation during walking implies the two motions are not rigidly linked, as has been assumed in previous injury models.

Orientador: Agnes Cristina Fett-Conte / Banca: Ana Elizabete Silva / Banca: Karina Griesi Oliveira / Resumo: Os Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) são doenças neuropsiquiátricas complexas, com etiologia e manifestações clínicas muito variáveis. Tais manifestações são observadas antes dos três anos de vida. A prevalência é alta na população, com uma proporção de quatro homens afetados para cada mulher afetada. Em apenas 10-25% dos casos um fator etiológico é observado, genético ou ambiental, dependendo da composição da casuística e das técnicas laboratoriais utilizadas. Há descrições de centenas de genes e regiões genômicas associadas com a predisposição, por apresentarem mutações e variações no número de cópias (CNVs) e a maior parte tem expressão no sistema nervoso central, principalmente em sinapses. Entre os genes candidatos, se destacam o SHANK2 e o SHANK3, ainda não estudados em casuísticas brasileiras. No SHANK2, localizado em 11q13.2, já foram descritas mutações em sete de seus 25 éxons, enquanto no SHANK3, localizado em 22q13 e com 23 éxons, também há descrições de mutações em vários éxons, mas especialmente em três. Muitas mutações nestes dois genes foram observadas em autistas, mas não em indivíduos controles, o que sugere seu envolvimento na etiologia da doença. Este estudo investigou mutações nos éxons 11, 13 e 22 do gene SHANK2 e nos éxons 2, 6 e 22 do SHANK3, que são os mais frequentemente envolvidos nos achados em TEA. O estudo dos seis éxons foi realizado por sequenciamento direto, em 200 afetados e os resultados foram comparados a um banco de dados com os de 566 controles saudáveis. Onze alterações, seis no gene SHANK2, uma delas ainda não descrita, e cinco no gene SHANK3, todas não descritas anteriormente. Nenhum paciente apresentou mais de uma alteração em SHANK2 ou SHANK3, ou nos dois genes. Os resultados mostraram que mutações nos genes SHANK2 e SHANK3 são frequentes na população brasileira com TEA e estão relacionadas com a etiologia destas doenças... / Abstract: The Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are complex neuropsychiatric diseases, with widely etiology and clinical manifestations. Such manifestations are observed before three years of life. The prevalence is high in the population, with a ratio of four affected men for each affected woman. In only 10-25% of cases an etiological factor is observed, genetic or environmental, depending of the composition of samples and laboratory techniques used. There are descriptions of hundreds of genes and genomic regions associated with predisposition, they present mutations and copy number variations (CNVs) and most have expression in the central nervous system, especially at synapses. Among the candidate genes, we highlight the SHANK2 and the SHANK3, not yet studied in Brazilian subjects. In SHANK2, located in 11q13.2, mutations have been described in seven of its 25 exons, while in SHANK3 located at 22q13 with 23 exons, there are descriptions of mutations in several exons, but especially three. Many mutations in these two genes were observed in autistic patients, but not in healthy controls, suggesting an involvement in the etiology of the disease. This study investigated mutations in exons 11, 13 and 22 of SHANK2 gene and exons 2, 6 and 22 of SHANK3, which are most often involved in ASD findings. The study of six exons was performed by direct sequencing, in 200 affected and the results were compared to a genome bank with 566 healthy controls. Eleven alterations were found, six on SHANK2 gene, one not yet described, and five in SHANK3 gene, all not previously described. No patient had more than one alteration in SHANK2 or SHANK3, or both genes. The results showed that mutations in SHANK2 and SHANK3 gene are frequent in the Brazilian population with ASD and are related to the etiology of these diseases. However, the clinical relevance of each of the alterations found should be investigated. This study may help... / Mestre

No / Motion at the midfoot joints can contribute significantly to overall foot motion during gait. However, there is little information regarding the kinematic coupling relationship at the midfoot. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the coupling relationship at the midfoot and subtalar joints was affected when step width was manipulated during running. Twelve subjects ran over-ground at self-selected speeds using three different step widths (normal, wide, cross-over). Coupling at the midfoot (forefoot relative to rearfoot) and subtalar (rearfoot relative to shank) joints was assessed using cross-correlation techniques. Rearfoot kinematics were significantly different from normal running in cross-over running (P < 0.05) but not in wide running. However, coupling between rearfoot eversion/inversion and shank rotation was consistently high (r > 0.917), regardless of step width. This was also the case for coupling between rearfoot frontal plane motion and forefoot sagittal plane (r < 0.852) and forefoot transverse plane (r > 0.946) motion. There was little evidence of coupling between rearfoot frontal plane motion and forefoot frontal plane motion in any of the conditions. Forefoot frontal plane motion appeared to have little effect on rearfoot frontal plane motion and thus, had no effect on motion at the subtalar joint. The strong coupling of forefoot sagittal and transverse plane motions with rearfoot frontal plane motion suggests that forefoot motion exerts an important influence on subtalar joint kinematics.

Doubled haploidy (DH) is a plant breeding technique that is often utilized by plant breeders to minimize the time required to reach homozygosity in breeding lines. The first objective of this study was to compare two methods of generating DH lines in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Inbred burley tobacco varieties TN 90LC and GR 149LC were used to produce both androgenic derived doubled haploids (ADDH) and maternally derived doubled haploids (MDDH). The relative agronomic performance of TN 90LC and GR 149 LC ADDH and MDDH lines was compared when used either as pure-line cultivars or when used for the production of the KT 204LC and TN 97LC hybrid cultivars, respectively. The ADDH method was more efficient than the MDDH method in generating large numbers of haploid plants. On average the ADDH TN 90LC population was statistically inferior to the inbred TN 90LC for several agronomic traits; this inferiority of the ADDH method was not observed in the GR 149LC populations. For both genotypes, the MDDH populations were comparable to the inbred parental genotypes. The ADDH method was inferior for TN 90LC, but several individual TN 90LC ADDH lines were equal or superior to the inbred source. The agronomic variability observed in both ADDH and MDDH lines was decreased when they were used to produce hybrid cultivars. Less variation was observed in the DH-derived hybrids KT 204LC and TN 97LC compared to the ADDH and MDDH TN90LC and GR149LC parental lines, respectively. The significant inferiority of ADDH TN 90 lines in comparison to inbred TN 90LC was not observed in the ADDH derived KT 204 population compared to KT 204LC. The second objective of this study was to compare DH Lines derived from an F1 breeding population versus DH lines derived from a segregating F2 population where plants used for DH were pre-screened for quantitatively inherited resistance to soil-borne diseases black shank (Phytophthora nicotianae) and/or Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. nicotianae). There was a clear difference in susceptibility to black shank between the F1 and F2 derived DH populations, both in terms of average disease incidence, and more importantly, in the percentage of individual lines displaying high disease resistance. For two different burley crosses, DH lines derived from the F1 generation were considerably more susceptible to black shank than DH lines derived from the F2 generation. No differences in the incidence of Fusarium wilt were observed between DH lines of F1 and F2 generations; this was likely due to low overall disease incidence. Although delaying the DH process in tobacco from the F1 to the F2 generation could add time to the development of homozygous breeding lines, the delay may be offset by having to screen fewer finished DH lines to identify superior lines.

Mobile offshore drilling units are being used in the Gulf of Mexico to produce oil and gas. Anchoring systems such as drag embedment anchors and vertically loaded anchors are used to keep these units in place. Past mooring system failures due to hurricanes in 2004 and 2005 initiated a need to better understand the performance of these anchors to in-plane and out-of-plane loading conditions. In-plane and out-of-plane loading cause the anchor to translate or rotate in the directions of its six degrees of freedom. Behavior and holding capacity of the anchors when loaded in each of is six degrees of freedom are important in understanding and predicting their behavior. An experimental program was devised to investigate the behavior of anchors in pure translation and rotation loading. The scaled-model anchors were embedded at a measured depth in a soil bed of clay with an undrained shear strength between 10 and 20 psf and then loaded to failure. A rotation testing frame was designed to impose rotational loading in the yaw, roll and pitch directions. Test results from the experimental program are consistent and repeatable. The bearing factors for pure bearing fell well within the range of existing experimental and analytical studies on simple plates. Bearing factors for in-plane and out-of-plane shear and for all rotations are higher than those for simple plates due to presence of the shank. When the resistance is normalized by area of the fluke, the wider model provide greater normalized resistance to yawing, similar normalized resistance to pitching and rolling and less normalized resistance to bearing and shearing. It was concluded that the holding capacity of an anchor in its six degrees of freedom depends largely on its geometry, including the fluke and the shank. / text

Kentucky is the nation’s leading producer of burley tobacco and the crop’s most economically important disease is black shank, caused by Phytophthora nicotianae (Pn). Current management is effective, however, problems with expense and pathogen persistence are issues. Two alternative methods for control of Pn were examined: biofumigation and soil application of an organic, yeast fermentation‐derived product (Soil‐Set). Field studies in 2009 and 2010 found no effect on populations of fungi, disease severity of Pn, and yield between mustard‐ and wheat‐amended plots. Experiments in the greenhouse suggested that survival of Pn was impacted by biomass rather than biofumigation. Biofumigation is not a viable option for controlling black shank in tobacco production. Soil‐Set was inhibitory against mycelial growth of Pn on corn meal agar rather than V8 juice. Results from a greenhouse study indicated that increasing the dose of Soil‐Set by four times what is recommended held the most potential for suppression of Pn in a burley variety with no resistance. A field study in 2012 found no differences among treatments in reducing severity of Pn in a variety with high resistance. More field and greenhouse studies need to be conducted to examine the potential of Soil‐Set in tobacco production.

Soybean is an important alternative for the use of rotation system with irrigated rice. However, there’re some characteristics related to the soil, emphasizing the compaction and the difficulty of drainage, which are some of the obstacles to overcome to get a soybean production in a profitable way in these areas. In addition to this, there is also a need to review the management of the off-season. The use of cover crops in these areas appears not only as a necessity from the point of view of soil conservation, but also from income for the farmer. Nevertheless, plant managements should be provided for the purpose of not harming seeding and the development of the crop in succession. In this context, three studies were carried out in a systemized area of irrigated rice, with a typical soil of lowland areas (Albaqualf). The objectives of the studies are to: quantify the effect of periods of desiccation and haymaking of ryegrass on the initial establishment and development of soybean in succession (Chapter I); To determine the effect of seeding furrow opening mechanisms on the quality of seed distribution and initial establishment of plants (Chapter II); as well as on soil physical characteristics, plant growth and soybean yield in lowland areas with the presence of compacted layer (Chapter III). The experiments were conducted in the field in the lowland area of the Federal University of Santa Maria during the 2015/16 and 2016/17 growing season, and the experimental design was randomized block. In the experiment I, the treatments were composed by two ryegrass managements (hay and desiccation), five periods of desiccation and haymaking and one fallow (without ryegrass in the off-season). For experiments II and III, seeding furrow opening mechanisms were used, being: Shank at 0.23 m depth (HS at 0.23 m); Shank at 0.13 depth m (HS at 0.13 m); Double disk at 0.07 m depth and Raised-bed+Shank 0.12 m (Raised-bed + HS at 0,12 m). It was observed that early management (82, 73, 70 and 61 days before soybean seeding) provided better quality of the hay produced, however, a straw removal of the area resulted in reduction of soil potassium content. In addition, regardless of the time of haymaking and desiccation, the use of the cover plant increased the soil moisture at the time of sowing, thus reducing the initial plant stand and consequently soybean yield in relation to fallow (Chapter I). For the treatments with furrow opening mechanisms, it can be observed that the use of the shank in the area of fertilizer deposition, regardless of the depth and the use of moldboard, resulted in a great disparity in the deposition of seeds in depth. However, it didn’t affect the longitudinal distribution and initial establishment of plants (Chapter II). In the soil, HS at 0.23 m depth increased macroporosity and reduction of resistance to penetration to a depth of 0.2 m. This treatment cited, in addition to the Raised-bed + HS at 0.12 m depth allowed greater development of the root system, shoot growth and nodulation of the soybean plants, reflecting in an increase of the grain yield when compared to the systems of double disk and HS at 0.13 m depth (Chapter III). / A soja é uma importante alternativa no sistema de rotação com o arroz irrigado. Entretanto, características relacionadas ao solo, destacando-se a compactação e a dificuldade de drenagem, são alguns dos obstáculos a serem vencidos para que se possa produzir soja de forma rentável nessas áreas. Aliado a isso, surge também a necessidade de se rever o manejo da entressafra. A utilização de plantas de cobertura nessas áreas surge não somente como necessidade do ponto de vista de conservação do solo, mas também de renda do produtor. Porém, manejos dessas plantas devem ser buscados e melhorados, com o propósito de não prejudicar a semeadura e o desenvolvimento da cultura em sucessão. Nesse contexto, foram desenvolvidos três trabalhos em área de terras baixas sistematizada, com solo típico de áreas de várzea (Planossolo). Os estudos tiveram como objetivo: quantificar o efeito de épocas de dessecação e fenação do azevém sobre o estabelecimento inicial e desenvolvimento da soja em sucessão (Capítulo I); determinar o efeito de mecanismos sulcadores da semeadora sobre a qualidade de distribuição de sementes e estabelecimento inicial de plantas (Capítulo II); bem como sobre as características físicas do solo, crescimento de plantas e produtividade de soja em área de terras baixas com a presença de camada compactada (Capítulo III). Os experimentos foram conduzidos em campo, na área de várzea da Universidade federal de Santa Maria, durante as safras agrícolas 2015/16 e 2016/17, sendo utilizado o delineamento de blocos ao acaso. No experimento I, os tratamentos foram constituídos de dois manejos do azevém (fenação e dessecação), cinco épocas de dessecação e fenação e um pousio (sem azevém na entressafra). Para os experimentos II e III, foram utilizados mecanismos sulcadores da semeadora, sendo eles: Haste sulcadora a 0,23 m de profundidade (HS a 0,23 m); Haste sulcadora a 0,13 m (HS a 0,13 m); Disco duplo a 0,07 m e Microcamalhão+HS a 0,12 m (Micro+HS a 0,12 m). Observou-se que manejos antecipados (82, 73, 70 e 61 dias antes da semeadura da soja) proporcionam melhor qualidade do feno produzido, entretanto, a retirada de palhada da área resultou em redução no teor de potássio no solo. Além disso, independentemente da época de fenação e dessecação, a utilização da planta de cobertura aumentou a umidade do solo no momento da semeadura, reduzindo assim, o estande inicial de plantas e, consequentemente, a produtividade de grãos da soja em relação ao pousio (Capítulo I). Para os tratamentos referentes aos mecanismos sulcadores, pode-se observar que o uso da haste sulcadora na deposição do fertilizante acarretou em maior desuniformidade na deposição de sementes em profundidade (independentemente da profundidade e da utilização de aivecas), porém, não afetou a distribuição longitudinal e o estabelecimento inicial de plantas (Capítulo II). No solo, a HS a 0,23 m proporcionou o aumento da macroporosidade e a redução da resistência à penetração até a profundidade de 0,2 m. O referido tratamento, juntamente com o Micro+HS a 0,12 m, possibilitaram maior desenvolvimento do sistema radicular, da parte aérea e nodulação das plantas de soja, refletindo-se em aumento na produtividade de grãos quando comparado ao disco duplo e a HS a 0,13 m (Capítulo III).

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar a utilizaÃÃo da ultrassonografia e qualidade de carne de cordeiros Santa InÃs de diferentes classes sexuais submetidos à restriÃÃo alimentar. Foram utilizados 30 cordeiros, 15 castrados e 15 nÃo castrados, com aproximadamente dois meses de idade e peso corporal inicial mÃdio de 13,00  1,49 kg. Os cordeiros foram distribuÃdos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 3x2 (nÃvel de restriÃÃo x classe sexual), de acordo com a quantidade de alimento fornecida. A duraÃÃo do experimento foi determinada pelo tempo necessÃrio para que a mÃdia de peso corporal dos animais de um dos tratamentos atingisse 28 kg, ocasiÃo em que todos os 30 animais foram abatidos. NÃo houve interaÃÃo significativa entre os nÃveis de restriÃÃo e a classe sexual para Ãrea de olho de lombo (AOL), espessura de gordura subcutÃnea (EGS), profundidade do Longissimus dorsi na lombar (PLDL) e espessura de gordura subcutÃnea na lombar (EGSL) no momento do abate. Possivelmente, devido à reduÃÃo na oferta do alimento, a AOL, a EGS, a PLDL e a EGSL apresentaram valores mÃdios reduzidos em funÃÃo do aumento no nÃvel de restriÃÃo alimentar. Houve interaÃÃo entre os nÃveis de restriÃÃo alimentar e as datas de mensuraÃÃo para AOL, EGS, PLDL e EGSL. Foram observadas correlaÃÃes significativas entre as caracterÃsticas in vivo e as caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa. A AOL por ultrassonografia in vivo foi altamente correlacionada com a medida desta variÃvel na carcaÃa, demonstrando a eficiÃncia do mÃtodo. Houve interaÃÃo entre os nÃveis de restriÃÃo alimentar e as classes sexuais para as variÃveis intensidade de amarelo e pH no mÃsculo Longissimus lumborum e para forÃa de cisalhamento no mÃsculo Semimembranosus. Para os animais nÃo castrados, a intensidade de amarelo foi maior para o nÃvel de 30% de restriÃÃo no mÃsculo Longissimus lumborum. NÃo houve interaÃÃo significativa entre os nÃveis de restriÃÃo e a classe sexual para os aspectos de qualidade relacionados à saturaÃÃo de cor, tonalidade da cor, luminosidade, intensidade de vermelho, capacidade de retenÃÃo de Ãgua e perda de peso por cocÃÃo para os mÃsculos Longissimus lumborum e Semimembranosus. Cordeiros Santa InÃs submetidos à restriÃÃo alimentar apresentam menores valores para AOL, EGS, PLDL e EGSL, sendo estas avaliadas in vivo. Embora a restriÃÃo alimentar e a classe sexual tenham influenciado as variÃveis relacionadas à qualidade da carne dos animais avaliados, os valores mÃdios observados sÃo considerados aceitÃveis pela literatura. Os nÃveis de restriÃÃo alimentar e a classe sexual influenciaram algumas caracterÃsticas importantes da qualidade da carne de cordeiros Santa InÃs. / The objective of the present study to evaluate the use of ultrasound and quality lamb meat Santa InÃs of different sex class subjected to food restriction. Were used thirty Santa InÃs lambs, 15 castrated and 15 nonâcastrated, with approximately two months of age and initial body weight in average of 13  1.49 kg. The lambs were assigned to a completely randomized design in a 3x2 factorial arrangement (levels of feed restriction x sex class), according to the amount of food provided. Experiment period was determined based in the time required for the animals one of the groups achieved 28 kg of body weight in average, when all 30 animals were slaughtered. There was no significant interaction between restriction levels and sexual class to rib eye area (REA), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), depth of Longissimus dorsi in the lumbar (DLDL) and thickness of subcutaneous fat in the lumbar (TSFL) at slaughter. Possibly due reduction in food supply, the REA, the SFT, the DLDL and The TSFL showed average values reduced in function increase levels of feed restriction. There was interaction between levels of feed restriction and the measurement dates to REA, SFT, DLDL and TSFL. Significant correlations were observed between the in vivo characteristics and carcass characteristics. The REA by ultrasound in vivo was highly correlated with the measure of this variable in the carcass, demonstrating its efficacy. There was interaction between levels of feed restriction and sex classs for the variables intensity of yellow and pH in Longissimus lumborum and shear force in Semimembranosus muscle. To animals non-castrated, the intensity of yellow was higher with 30% restriction on the Longissimus lumborum. There was no significant interaction between restriction levels and sexual class to quality aspects related to color saturation, color tone, luminosity, red intensity, water retention capacity and weight loss for cooking for Longissimus lumborum and Semimembranosus muscles. Santa Ines lambs subjected to food restriction have lower values for REA, SFT, DLDL and TSFL, which are valued in vivo. Although feed restriction and sexual class have influenced the variables related to the meat quality of animals evaluated, the mean values observed are considered acceptable in the literature. The food restriction levels and sexual class influenced some important features of meat quality Santa Ines lamb.

This master’s thesis defines and closely specifies actual trends in clamping systems for shank tools, especially used for milling and drilling operations. The project describes possibilities of application of clamping systems for shank tools for particular types of machining and briefly defines their principles. Experimental part is focused on material analyse of hydraulic and thermal clamping system. Comparing of clamping systems in term of their technical properties and their initial costs is included in technical and economical conclusion.