Energy release rates are extracted from non-linear finite element analyses of a thin film bonded to a rigid substrate that is shaft-loaded at its free edge. This geometry is of interest because it simulates a probe test that has proven to be useful in characterizing the adhesion of thin, microelectronic coatings bonded to silicon wafers. Preliminary experimental results indicate that out-of-plane rather than in-plane loading dominates failure in the system. This work therefore focuses on out-of-plane film loading. To validate finite element and energy release rate methodologies, energy release rates from finite element analyses of pressurized and shaft-loaded blister tests are first correlated to theoretical limit cases. Upon validation, mode I, mode II, and mode III energy release rates are extracted from three-dimensional continuum finite element models of the edge-loaded thin film by a three-dimensional modified crack closure method. Having assumed a circular debond as observed experimentally, energy release rates are determined by a step-wise approach around the circumference. The progression of debond is simulated in multiple analyses by altering the boundary conditions associated with increasing the debond radius. Mechanical loading is supplemented with thermal loading, introducing residual stresses in the non-linear analyses. A sensitivity analysis of energy release rates to residual stress is performed. The results indicate that inclusion of residual stress has an important role in both the magnitude and mode-mixity of energy release rates in the thin film. Increasing the length of debond effectively transitions the film from a shearing mode to a bending mode, thereby significantly impacting each mode of energy release rate differently. / Master of Science

The Half House is a study in architectural form. The ideal Form is necessarily cubic. The program is the vital form of the house. The means of formal study is subtractive, geometric, and symbolic. / Master of Architecture

Yes / An evaluation of the in vitro cytotoxicity of nine electron-deficient half-sandwich metal complexes towards two colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT116 p53+/+, HCT116 p53-/-) and one normal prostate cell line (PNT2) is presented herein. Three complexes were found to be equally cytotoxic towards both colorectal cancer cell lines, suggesting a p53-independent mechanism of action. These complexes are 12 to 34  more potent than cisplatin against HCT116 p53+/+ and HCT116 p53-/- cells. Furthermore, they were found to exhibit little or no cytotoxicity towards PNT2 normal cells, with selectivity ratios greater than 50. To gain an insight into the potential mechanisms of action of the most active compounds, their effects on the expression levels of a panel of genes were measured using qRT-PCR against treated HCT116 p53+/+ and HCT116 p53-/- cells, and cell cycle analysis was carried out. / The Royal Society grant UF150295, The Academy of Medical Sciences grant SFB003\1170

Yes / The synthesis, characterisation and evaluation of the in vitro cytotoxicity of four indole-based half-sandwich metal complexes towards two ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780 and A2780cisR) and one normal prostate cell line (PNT2) are presented herein. Although capable of inducing catalytic oxidation of NADH and able to reduce NAD+ with high turnover frequencies, in cells and in the presence of sodium formate, these complexes also strongly interact with biomolecules such as glutathione. This work highlights that efficient out-of-cells catalytic activity might lead to higher reactivity towards biomolecules, thus inhibiting the in-cells catalytic processes.

Yes / The synthesis, characterisation, and evaluation of the in vitro cytotoxicity of five maleonitriledithiolate-based ruthenium metal complexes bearing various phosphine ligands towards two ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780 and A2780cisR), one non-small-cell lung cancer cell line (H460) and one normal prostate cell line (PNT2) are presented herein. These 18-electron complexes were designed with four water-soluble phosphine ligands to increase the water-solubility character of the corresponding electron-deficient ruthenium complex which showed great in vitro promises, and triphenylphosphine for comparison. The complexes with triphenylphosphine-3,3',3''trisulfonic acid and triphenylphosphine present similar cytotoxicity compared to the 16-electron precursor, with equal cytotoxicity to both A2780 and A2780cisR. Hints at the mechanism of action suggest an apoptotic pathway based on ROS production. No toxicity was observed in preliminary in vivo pilot studies for these two complexes in subcutaneous A2780 and A2780cisR xenograft models, with some evidence of tumour growth delay. / The support of the Royal Society (University Research Fellowship No. URF150295, and RGF\EA\201001), the Academy of Medical Sciences/ The Wellcome Trust/ The Government Department of Business, Energy and Industrial/ The British Heart Foundation Springboard Award (SBF003\1170), and the CNRS is acknowledged. LRP is supported by a PhD studentship funded by the University of Bradford.

Denna rapport är ett examensarbete för högskoleingenjör, teknisk design –Produktutveckling vid Luleå Tekniska Universitet. Den omfattar 10 arbetsveckorsarbete på 15 högskolepoäng utfört mellan 2016-10-10 och 2016-12-16. Uppdragsgivaren för detta projekt är företaget Zone Systems som tillverkar bådedigitala och analoga skyltar för in- och utomhusbruk. Målet med projektet är attskapa en produktserie för drive-in. I denna produktserie skall det ingå ramar tillprofilen Infinity som uppdragsgivaren redan tagit fram och som finns i olikastorlekar. Även en half-gate skall tas fram, vilket är det första som syns vid endrive-in och talar om för föraren vilken höjd fordonet max får ha. Dennaproduktserie skall gå att anpassa efter kundens önskemål, vara lättillverkad ochmöjliggöra att skylten går att snurra på. Materialval skall göras som klarar avutomhusmiljö samt ser till att produkterna är stabila. För att åstadkomma detta har relevant teori samlats in så som material,produktutveckling, färglära och kommunikation. En projektplan har också gjortssom har följts noga under hela projektet. Därefter påbörjades idéutvecklingen som bestod av olika idégenereringsmetodersom brainstorming, idéskiftmetoden, katalogmetoden, kategorisering och enworkshop bestående av sju personer. De idéer som genererats från dessa metodersamlades sedan ihop och en gallring av dem gjordes. Fyra koncept valdes ut vidgallringen- Det var koncepten Rör-ram, H-balk, Istappen och Ljuslådan. Ett koncept vidareutvecklades och konstruktionsförslag togs fram på detta. Ävenmock-ups och datormodelleringar togs fram för att sedan resultera i slutkonceptetBright. Därefter skissades en half-gate fram med designaspekt baserad påslutkonceptet. Denna modellerades även upp i CAD-programmet Siemens NX10.0 och verklighetstrogna bilder renderades på hela produktserien i LuxionKeyshot 5. Slutresultatet på produktserien låter kunden själv välja färg för att passa derasföretag. Skylten går även att snurra på och det material som användes är bockadstålplåt för att klara av utomhusmiljön och skapa en stabil grund. Även akrylplastanvänds för tätning och ljusutsläpp. Det är en moderniserad och nytänkandelösning för en produktserie till en drive-in samt tidlös tack vare dess smakfulladesign.

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-06-20T14:23:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Paola- Dissertacao.pdf: 1239637 bytes, checksum: 85c1de7a05b461f7f506a5ad3652d878 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-06-20T14:23:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Paola- Dissertacao.pdf: 1239637 bytes, checksum: 85c1de7a05b461f7f506a5ad3652d878 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-06-20T14:23:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Paola- Dissertacao.pdf: 1239637 bytes, checksum: 85c1de7a05b461f7f506a5ad3652d878 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-20T14:23:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Paola- Dissertacao.pdf: 1239637 bytes, checksum: 85c1de7a05b461f7f506a5ad3652d878 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-18 / The study of the Half-Heusler alloy has drawn a lot of attention among the researchers due to their characteristics and applications, in general, to characterize as ferromagnetic alloys, constituted by non-magnetic elements. In this research, the TiNiSn alloy was produced by the Mechanical Alloyng in two routes, the first in 3h with analysis done at each hour, and the second at 4h straight. The structure and its thermal behavior were investigated by the following techniques: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermal Treatment (TT) and Rietveld refinement. According to results obtained, respectively, it was seen that the TiNiSn alloy was produced in 4h grinding by the mechanical alloying method, its diffractograms were verified in order to discover the phases formed in the synthesized alloy in 4h, and by the analysis of differential calorimetry of scanning was seen the thermal behavior of the sample at varied temperatures in a temperature range of 30 °C and 500 °C, so it was possible to analyze the sample by the Thermal Treatment technique. / O estudo da liga Half-Heusler tem chamado muita atenção entres os pesquisadores devido as suas características e aplicações, de uma maneira geral, por caracterizarem-se como ligas ferromagnéticas, constituídas por elementos não magnéticos. Neste trabalho foi produzida e a liga TiNiSn, do tipo Half-Heusler, a fim de analisar sua estrutura. Nesta pesquisa, a liga TiNiSn foi produzida pela técnica de Moagem Mecânica de Alta Energia em dois tempos de moagem, a primeira em 3h com análise feita a cada uma hora, e a segunda em 4h sem pausas. A estrutura e seu comportamento térmico foram investigados pelas seguintes técnicas: Difração de raios X (DRX), Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura (DSC), Tratamento Térmico (TT) e método de refinamento estrutural de Rietveld (MR). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, respectivamente, foi visto que a liga TiNiSn foi produzida em 4 h de moagem pelo método de mechanical alloying, seus difratogramas foram verificados afim de descobrir as fases formadas na liga sintetizada em 4 h, e pela análise de calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC) foi visto o comportamento térmico da amostra em temperaturas variadas, em uma faixa de 30 °C à 500 °C, subsequentemente, foi possível analisar a amostra pela técnica de tratamento térmico.

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O presente trabalho apresenta o estudo, o equacionamento, a simulação e uma metodologia de projeto para um conversor CC/CC do tipo Half-Bridge, com transformador de potência alimentado por transistores bipolares em semi-ponte, com circuito de acionamento de base proporcional isolado. O circuito possui um controle de sincronismo aplicado ao transformador de pulso responsável pelo controle das chaves semicondutoras do conversor. A metodologia de projeto do circuito de acionamento de base proporcional isolado é discutida e alguns resultados são mostrados. Além disso, pretende-se empregar esse tipo de conversor em veículos aeroespaciais devido a robustez no circuito de acionamento de base, em específico na Unidade de Suprimento de Energia do satélite universitário ITASAT. Utilizando-se o diagrama esquemático do conversor proposto é feito o equacionamento matemático, a fim de se obter a frequência de oscilação livre, ou natural, a partir do qual é proposta uma metodologia de projeto. Ao final do trabalho são comparados os resultados experimentais com a simulação, com o objetivo de melhor avaliar a metodologia proposta. / This work presents the study, equation development, simulation and a design methodology for a Half-Bridge DC/DC converter, with power transformer fed by bipolar transistors in a half-bridge configuration, with proportional base drive circuit. The circuit has a synchronism control applied to the pulse transformer responsible for controlling the semiconductor switches of the converter. The design methodology of the proportional base drive is discussed and some results are shown. In addition, this type of converter is intended to be used in aerospace vehicles due to the increased robustness of the base drive circuit, for instance, the Power Supply Unit of ITASAT Satellite. A mathematical modeling is done in order to obtain the oscillation frequency (natural frequency) of the converter, from which a design methodology is proposed. At the end of the study the experimental are compared with the simulation, in order to evaluate the proposed methodology.

O presente trabalho apresenta o estudo, o equacionamento, a simulação e uma metodologia de projeto para um conversor CC/CC do tipo Half-Bridge, com transformador de potência alimentado por transistores bipolares em semi-ponte, com circuito de acionamento de base proporcional isolado. O circuito possui um controle de sincronismo aplicado ao transformador de pulso responsável pelo controle das chaves semicondutoras do conversor. A metodologia de projeto do circuito de acionamento de base proporcional isolado é discutida e alguns resultados são mostrados. Além disso, pretende-se empregar esse tipo de conversor em veículos aeroespaciais devido a robustez no circuito de acionamento de base, em específico na Unidade de Suprimento de Energia do satélite universitário ITASAT. Utilizando-se o diagrama esquemático do conversor proposto é feito o equacionamento matemático, a fim de se obter a frequência de oscilação livre, ou natural, a partir do qual é proposta uma metodologia de projeto. Ao final do trabalho são comparados os resultados experimentais com a simulação, com o objetivo de melhor avaliar a metodologia proposta. / This work presents the study, equation development, simulation and a design methodology for a Half-Bridge DC/DC converter, with power transformer fed by bipolar transistors in a half-bridge configuration, with proportional base drive circuit. The circuit has a synchronism control applied to the pulse transformer responsible for controlling the semiconductor switches of the converter. The design methodology of the proportional base drive is discussed and some results are shown. In addition, this type of converter is intended to be used in aerospace vehicles due to the increased robustness of the base drive circuit, for instance, the Power Supply Unit of ITASAT Satellite. A mathematical modeling is done in order to obtain the oscillation frequency (natural frequency) of the converter, from which a design methodology is proposed. At the end of the study the experimental are compared with the simulation, in order to evaluate the proposed methodology.