Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la mécanique statistique d’une classe d’écoulements “quasi-bidimensionnels”. Nous nous penchons plus particulièrement sur le cas des écoulements tri-dimensionnels axisymétriques, bidimensionnels stratifiés et bidimensionnels magnéto hydrodynamiques. La dynamique de ces écoulements est génériquement décrite par les équations d’évolution d’un champ de vitesses incompressible bidimensionnel,couplées à une équation d’évolution d’un champ scalaire. Ce dernier représente tantôt une température, tantôt un courant électrique, tantôt un mouvement tourbillonnaire transverse. Ces écoulements ont un intérêt géophysique ou astrophysique : ils peuvent être utilisés pour modéliser grossièrement les ouragans, les courants océaniques à l’échelle planétaire, les taches solaires, etc. Ils ont aussi un intérêt plus fondamental.Malgré leur géométrie bidimensionnelle intrinsèque, les écoulements “2D3C” peuvent être en effet tri-dimensionnellement connotés. Dans les cas que l’on regarde, la vorticité n’est pas seulement transportée : elle est aussi étirée. Il n’est ainsi pas évident de savoir si la tendance naturelle des écoulements 2D3C est de s’organiser en structures cohérentes énergétiques à grande échelle comme en deux dimensions, ou plutôt de répartir leur énergie sur les petites échelles comme en trois dimensions. Il n’est a priori pas clair nonplus de savoir si une forme d’énergie (cinétique ou magnétique/tourbillonnaire) y est privilégiée aux dépends de l’autre.Pour répondre à ces questions de manière très générale, nous étudions et décrivons la mécanique statistique d’équilibre des écoulements 2D3C sus-mentionnés, en nous plaçant d’abord dans le cadre des “ensembles d’équilibre absolu” considérés par Robert Kraichnan à la fin des années 1960, puis dans le cadre plus moderne des “mesures microcanoniques stationnaires” introduites par Raoul Robert, Jonathan Miller et Joël Sommeria pour les fluides bidimensionnels au début des années 1990. Les équilibres 2D3C sont décrits dans la première partie de ce manuscript. La seconde partie du manuscript est plus pratique, et également plus spéculative. Nous nous servons d’ outils de la mécanique statistique d’équilibre pour interpréter des données turbulentes expérimentales provenant d’expériences de type Von Kármán . Nous utilisons ensuite des résultats récents de théorie de probabilité pour montrer que des régimes de turbulence quasi-bidimensionnelle (turbulence tri-dimensionnelle avec rotation,turbulence dans des couches savonneuses) ont des propriétés d’invariance conforme statistique, analogues à celles observées dans des systèmes de spins ferromagnétiques au point critique. / The present manuscript deals with the statistical mechanics of some inviscid fluidmodels which are possibly relevant in the context of geophysics and astrophysics. Weinvestigate the case of axially symmetric flows, two-dimensional Boussinesq flows, andtwo-dimensional magneto-hydro fluids. Those flows can be loosely referred to as twodimensionalflows with three components (“2D3C”). In addition to the two-dimensionalvelocity field, they describe the evolution of an additional field variable, which representseither a magnetic current, a salinity, a temperature or a swirl depending on the situation.In common with the dynamics of strictly two-dimensional hydrodynamical flows, thenon-linear dynamics of 2D3C flows is constrained by the presence of an infinite numberof Casimir invariants, which emerge as dynamical invariants in the limit of a vanishingforcing and a vanishing dissipation . In common with three-dimensional flows, the vorticityis not only mixed but also stretched by the dynamics. The additional field may actas a source or a sink of kinetic energy. It is commonly believed that such flows have thepropensity to develop large scale coherent structures. Whether those long lived structuresare equilibrium or metastable structures is however not so clear, nor are the exactconditions of their emergence. The role of the Casimir invariants in constraining those isnot so obvious either.

<p>This Master thesis deals with wave propagation and starts with wave propagation basics. It briefly presents the theory for the diffraction over terrain obstacles and describes two different path loss models, the Hata model and a FFT-based model. The significance of this paper is that it gives the simulation results for the models mentioned above and presents a comparison between the results obtained from an empirical formula and the FFT-model. The comparison shows that the approach based on Fast Fourier Transform is good enough for prediction of the path loss and that it is a time efficient method.</p>

The elasticity of a Krull domain R is equivalent to the elasticity of the block monoid B(G,S), where G is the divisor class group of R and S is the set of elements of G containing a height-one prime ideal of R. Therefore the elasticity of R can by studied using the divisor class group. In this dissertation, we will study infinite divisor class groups to determine the elasticity of the associated Krull domain. The results will focus on the divisor class groups Z, Z(p infinity), Q, and general infinite groups. For the groups Z and Z(p infinity), it has been determined which distributions of the height-one prime ideals will make R a half-factorial domain (HFD). For the group Q, certain distributions of height-one prime ideals are proven to make R an HFD. Finally, the last chapter studies general infinite groups and groups involving direct sums with Z. If certain conditions are met, then the elasticity of these divisor class groups is the same as the elasticity of simpler divisor class groups.

Denna uppsats undersöker hur förhållandet mellan karaktären, interagerbarheten ochpresentationen påverkar möjligheterna för hur spelaren uppfattar berättelsen i spelenHalf-Life 2(Valve Corperation, 2004), Fallout 3 (Bethesda Game Studio, 2008) ochFahrenheit (Quantic Dream, 2005). Metoden för analyserna är baserat på Aarseths (2007)teorier och går ut på att jag själv spelat spelen och sedan analyserat dessa utifrån minaegna spelupplevelser. Analyserna tar även upp teorier och begrepp från andra forskare, såsom Marie-Laure Ryan, Andrew Rollings och Ernest Adams, Lee Sheldon och UlfWilhelmsson.Metoden för analyserna lyckas plocka fram flera unika berättartekniker och förhållandenfrån spelen. Bland annat den dolda storyn i Half-life 2, den ytterst interagerbara välden iFallout 3 samt de flera olika huvudkaraktärerna i Fahrenheit, och hur dessa påverkarspelarens uppfattning av berättelsen. Förhållandena är dock inte generella, utan unika förvarje spel, vilket medför att resultaten också är det, och kan därför inte ses som reglerutan mer som riktlinjer för hur en berättarteknik kan se ut.

In 1869-70 the Métis of the Red River region in Manitoba resisted the transfer of their homeland from the Hudson’s Bay Company to Canada. The Métis people responded to this transfer by blocking Canadian surveyors, government officials, and taking control of the territory through the establishment of representative institutions. Eventually, the Métis negotiated favourable terms with Ottawa which, this thesis argues, represented according to law, and to the Métis, a treaty. This thesis argues that this treaty was intended to protect the Métis homeland and provide political and social protections. The Manitoba Métis Treaty was intended to guarantee the Métis a land base in Manitoba the total size of which was to be 1.4 million acres. The reservation of this land came with protective obligations so that the entire community would receive a benefit from such lands. While Canada has developed a body of treaty law which will be used to interpret the Manitoba Métis Treaty, matters were convoluted by the enshrinement of this treaty agreement in the Manitoba Act of 1870, a document which would gain constitutional status a year later. The impact of this legislative history has led some researchers to link government obligations entirely to the Act, rather than to the negotiated agreement. Indeed, it would seem that the negotiations have been, for the most part, understood as nothing more than conversations. I reject that position and argue that both the negotiations and the Act must be taken into consideration when assessing the obligations undertaken by the Crown. The unique history of the Manitoba agreement means that Canada was under both constitutional and treaty law obligations to uphold the negotiated agreement between itself and the Métis. This thesis argues that not only is the treaty the correct legal interpretation of the events of 1869-70 but that the government of Canada failed to honour its commitments in several meaningful ways. The approach utilized in this thesis is designed to be reliant upon the basic structure and doctrines of Canadian law but to do so in a manner which gives weight to the Métis voice. It is neither a critique which is wholly internal to Canadian law nor is it completely dismissive of Canadian law. Instead, this thesis will illustrate that with only minor adjustments to the application and interpretation of colonial law, the Manitoba Métis Treaty could find a more receptive audience in Canadian legal thought. In the face of a reasonable alternative, such a project can allow other researchers to question why the courts have chosen a path which denies reception of Métis voice, community and culture in Canadian law.

A delayed-coincidence timing spectrometer system was constructed to measure nuclear lifetimes in the picosecond region. The present investigation used the self-comparison method of delayed-coincidence timing. This method used two plastic detectors to obtain the timing information. Two sodium iodine (NaI) detectors were used in conjunction with the plastic detectors to provide energy identification. Significant changes were made to the geometrical detector arrangement to optimize collection of scattered gamma rays by the NaI detectors. The mean line for the first excited states of the sources Co-60 and Cs-134 were measured using the new spectrometer system. The mean life of the 1.33 MeV excited state of Co-60 was measured to by 0.34 + 1.32 psec. The mean life of the 0.605 MeV excited state of Cs-134 was measured to be 6.31 + 2.19 psec and agrees with two previously reported values.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur framställningen av maskulinitet konstrueras i två utvalda episoder ur situationskomediserien Two and a Half Men. Uppsatsen ämnar undersöka hur de tre manliga huvudkaraktärernas maskuliniteter ser ut och hur de skiljer sig åt samt vilket specifikt maskulinitetsideal som framhävs tydligast i serien. Uppsatsen ska granska vilken eventuell betydelse de två vuxna männen har för hur pojken formar sin manlighet.   Undersökningen ska utföras enligt en metod för analys hämtad ifrån boken How to Study Television av Keith Selby och Ron Cowdery, med inriktning på narrativ då denna metod är framtagen för att applicera på television. Uppsatsens teoretiska ram omfattar teorier och begrepp som rör maskulinitet och därmed är relevanta för analysen. Dessa är uppdelade i två motpoler; det traditionella maskulinitetsidealet dit Raewyn Connells teori om den hegemoniska maskuliniteten och begreppen vänskap och homosocialitet tillhör, respektive det moderna maskulinitetsidealet med postfeminismen och begreppen genuskris och konvergens i spetsen.   Den utförda analysen visar hur de tre manliga huvudkaraktärernas maskuliniteter framställs genom narrativets övergripande mönster i de två analyserade episoderna. I den första analyserade episoden ges de två karaktärerna Charlie och Alan varsin maskulin roll. Charlie lever efter den traditionella maskulina rollen och belönas av det medan Alan agerar efter den modernare med beskymmer som följd. Pojken Jake anser den traditionella maskulina rollen som den häftigare av de två vilket visar på dess dominans i episoden.   Deras roller flyter dock samman något vilket blir extra tydligt i den andra analyserade episoden där det övergripande mönstret är kvinnors kontroll över män. De båda vuxna huvudkaraktärernas maskulina roller är i inledningen samma som i den första analyserade episoden men ifrågasätts och konvergerar i den andra. Den avgörande bakomliggande faktorn är kvinnans stärkta position. Deras maskulina roller blir flytande och varierar sig och tendenserna pekar på att de båda agerar mer modernt och försöker hitta sin plats som män. Idealen flyter alltså ihop likt den konvergerande samtida populärkulturen.

This Master thesis deals with wave propagation and starts with wave propagation basics. It briefly presents the theory for the diffraction over terrain obstacles and describes two different path loss models, the Hata model and a FFT-based model. The significance of this paper is that it gives the simulation results for the models mentioned above and presents a comparison between the results obtained from an empirical formula and the FFT-model. The comparison shows that the approach based on Fast Fourier Transform is good enough for prediction of the path loss and that it is a time efficient method.

This thesis is a short survey for the comparison theorems and oscillation theorems for the second order half-linear equation [c(x)u'^{(p-1)}]'+a(x)u^{(p-1)}=0, where u^{(p-1)}=|u|^{p-2}u. Some examples are also given. The above equation is said to be oscillatory ( O ) if there exists a nontrivial solution having an infinite number of zeros in (0,¡Û); and non-oscillatory ( NO ) if otherwise. Oscillation theorems help to determine whether an equation is ( O ) or ( NO ). These comparison theorem and oscillation theorems give information for the number and position of zeros in (0,¡Û) for a nontrivial solution of the above equation. Materials in this thesis originate from the papers of Li-Yeh and the monograph of Dosly and Rehak. But Reid type comparison theorem is new.

While the much more use of leverage could be effective in generating alpha o investment, the Kelly strategy is an attractive approach to capital creation and growth. It is originated from the Kelly criterion dubbed ¡§ fortunes formula ¡§ which maximizes the long run growth rate of wealth. There is a tradeoff of rate of return versus risk/volatility as a asymptotic function solution of leverage or position size determined by the application of EGARCH model in the different residual assumptions given by the Normal, Generalized Hyperbolic, and the Generalized Error distributions. No matter there is any timing ability in any strategy, risk management is much more important especially with many repeated trading. We present the performance and risk control of the leveraged ETFs tracked the S&P 500 index in the past ten years using optimal leverage strategy derived by the full Kelly and fraction Kelly criterion.