Metamorphic processes can transform the organic matter in sedimentary rocks into structurally organized carbonaceous matter, in ideal conditions to graphite. In the centre of West Alpine arch, the metasedimentary rocks are rich in dispersed carbonaceous matter and were used in this thesis to specify the thermal range of metamorphism based on the structural state. Previous studies have used mainly the Raman spectrometers to determine the structural state of carbonaceous matter. Unfortunately this method doesn't allow in-situ analyses which, in addition to Earth studies, can be essential for studying other planetary bodies and moons of our solar system. As only the smallest and lightest instruments are required for analyses during potential planetary missions to Mars, it is important to verify that the small instruments are able to detect even the small concentrations of carbonaceous matter. Currently available miniature and portable Raman spectrometers have started to become more precise but are still not as precise as laboratory Raman microspectrometers. This thesis is divided into two parts. First part aims to duplicate the results from previous studies by Raman microspectrometers in the West Alpine arch. Furthermore, the excitation laser wave length dependence of spectral signs in carbonaceous...

Impedance spectroscopy (IS) is a powerful and sophisticated tool to characterize intrinsic electrical properties of any materials and its interface, measuring the electric and transport properties of the materials, investigating the mechanism of electrochemical reaction etc. The fundamental principle of IS is the measurement of the impedance (equivalent to resistance in DC analysis) of the system under investigation over a wide frequency range. The IS study provides quantitative information about the conductance, the dielectric coefficient, the static properties of the interfaces like contact resistance, and its dynamic change due to adsorption or charge transfer phenomenon. Commercial Impedance analyzers that are available today are bulky and cannot be carried or deployed at remote locations for monitoring so easily, also such systems are expensive. Though IS concept is not new, standard Impedance analyzers are interfaced to the computer and require detailed analysis of the data by experts. Advancement in data conversion and signal processing is opening up opportunities for handheld smart devices. Hence it is felt that there is a need to develop a versatile low cost, portable (handheld) impedance analyzer instrument which can be used to characterize non linear materials like semiconductors, biological objects, and electrochemical samples. The instrument should be capable accepting test parameters using a touch screen based keypad and display test results on a Graphical LCD for quick analysis. Hence a standalone handheld instrument is designed to work independently without any PC control. The designed instrument consists of Digital Direct Synthesis (DDS) signal generator, a constant current source, Analog to digital convertor, Microcontroller to control frequency sweep parameters and acquire data, TFT Graphics LCD for displaying various plots, touch screen user interface to input sweep parameters and data storage section for offline analysis of obtained data. The instrument is designed to work on a battery or a regulated power supply. The instrument has options to display Nyquist plot, capacitance versus frequency plot, real and imaginary value of impedance versus frequency plot etc. Experimental investigations are conducted using this instrument on few passive components like resistor, inductor, capacitor and combinations. The instrument is also used to monitor the performance of polyimide based capacitive humidity sensor and its characteristics like sensitivity, linearity, repeatability and hysteresis. The measurement accuracy of the impedance varies from 0.7% to 4.67% depending on the impedance range. Bio impedance measurements are carried out on biological samples like Banana and the measured values are compared with the standard LCR meter. The bio impedance measurements are repeatable and comparable with the standard LCR meter readings and it is found to be within ±1% accuracy at the calibrated frequency. The instrument is also validated using industry standard Gauge R & R procedure to understand the repeatability and reproducibility of the instrument. The instrument exhibited good Repeatability and Reproducibility in current mode excitation than voltage mode excitation and Gauge R & R is 55% with P/T ratio is less than 2.5%.

This diploma work analyzes the problem of logistic and invertory management with using barcode. This diploma work is based on cooperation with Identcode company. DataPro Solutions is customer of Identcode company. The task is project warehouse system based on portable computers Dolphin from Hanhedl. The output of this diploma is proposal of warehouse inventory system for customer - DataPro Solutions company.

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Studiens syfte är att analysera hur man i förskolan använder lärplattan för att få barn att röra på sig, mer konkret om förskolans digitalisering kan komma att påverka barns möjligheter till fysisk aktivitet. Studien är baserad på en kvalitativ metod där vi genom intervjuer valt att fokusera på pedagogers syn och arbetssätt kring lärplattan samt om den används och isåfall även hur i förhållande till den fysiska aktiviteten. I studien deltog sex förskollärare på tre olika förskolor och intervjuerna som genomfördes var semistrukturerade. För att kunna bryta ner vårt syfte har vi använt oss av följande frågeställningar: Hur ser pedagoger på barns behov av fysisk aktivitet i förhållande till hur lärplattan kan användas i förskolan? Hur arbetar pedagoger för att stimulera fysisk aktivitet bland barn med hjälp av lärplattan? Vi tog avstamp i Lev Vygotskijs teori om samspelets betydelse i sociala sammanhang. Studien ställs även i relation till Agneta Ljung-Djärfs teori kring olika lärmiljöer som etableras runt digitala verktyg. Resultatet av studien visar att fysisk aktivitet är något som alltid finns i verksamheten och som alltid bör finnas där. Det samtliga förskollärare menar är att barns fysiska aktivitet inte blir lidande av en allt mer digitaliserad förskola. Vidare framgår det att sättet pedagoger stimulerar denna fysiska aktivitet bland barn är densamma på de olika förskolorna. Samtliga förskollärare tar alltså utgångspunkt i liknande aktiviteter när de både planerat som spontant utför dessa. Det som skiljer de olika förskolorna åt är förskollärarnas inställning kring vilken funktion lärplattan får under dessa aktiviteter och i verksamheten generellt.

The purpose of this study consists of gaining an understanding about Augmented Reality (AR) and if this technology can help land-surveyors to visualize cadastral parcels using an iOS app. In addition, the app is also used to get insights of what it takes for an AR system to replace 2D paper maps completely. In land-surveyors daily work, they usually bring annotated 2D paper maps to locate their assets when they do field work. However, the 2D paper map can be cumbersome to use because the map visualizes assets in 2D while the working environment for land-surveyors is in 3D. Therefore, this study presents an AR app that can visualize cadastral parcels in 3D in collaboration with a company called InfoTrader. This dissertation utilizes a qualitative methodology with a design and creation strategy as well as semi-structured interviews. To get feedback and evaluate the proposed app it was tested with professionals with experience in the land-surveying business. The findings from testing the app indicated that the app could be very useful in different scenarios. Nevertheless, to completely replace the 2D paper map, the AR system should integrate all the layers of information that the 2D map provides.

In medical ophthalmology, refractive studies have become an integral part of a complete ophthalmic examination and second only to a slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination in determining visual function and ability. This study shows that the same ideology applies to refractive studies on dogs. The refraction technique has evolved in process, with refinement of the technology and methods used; with the development of handheld autorefractors utilised in paediatric refraction. Fifty guide dogs completed this study however five of the dogs were subsequently excluded and replaced because of poor compliance. Forty six of the dogs were Labrador Retrievers; one was a Golden Retriever, one a Great Dane cross, one a Labrador cross and one a cross breed. The median sample age was 17months with an interquartile range (IQR) of13 to 34months. We validated the agreement in refractive error measurement between the Welch Allyn ™ "SureSight" (WASS) autorefractor to the traditional Welch Allyn ™ handheld streak retinoscope (SR) by two experienced investigators, due to previous studies showing variability in measurement for both instruments. The refractive state for 60°/o of the guide dogs sampled at South African Guide Dogs Association (SAGDA) were emmetropic (-0.5 to +0.5D), 34% were hypermetropic (>+0.5D) with 6% myopic (<-0.5D). For agreement between the instruments, a wide range of differences using mean spherical equivalence (MSE) was observed between the 95% limits of agreement (-1.911 D to 1.698D). On average,measurements with the WASS were slightly lower compared to the SR (mean difference = 0.013). Both instruments showed a better average agreement in determining emmetropia with a tendency to underestimate refractive errors for greater negative and positive diopters. The WASS showed better agreement with the SR for refractive error measurement with higher reliability scale values (8 and above). Clinical astigmatism (>- 0.50 cylinder) was detected more readily on the WASS (37 dogs) than on the SR (9 dogs). Between investigators the MSE measurements differed significantly (P = 0.02), with the average agreement on the SR slightly better than the WASS. Overall, the handheld manual streak retinoscope remains the more practical, cost effective and efficient instrument for objective refraction in dogs. We can also conclude, that current subjective criteriae utilised in the selection of guide dogs at SAGA can be further improved by including objective methods of refraction. Copyright / Dissertation (MMedVet)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Companion Animal Clinical Studies / unrestricted

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This study explored the relatively new field of public mobile handheld AR and how the touchscreen-based input of smartphones affects the way users aged 10-12 interact with the 6DOF (6 degrees of freedom) that AR provides. Two experiments were performed, one in a public museum setting and one in a private school setting. A statistical analysis was performed between non-restricted and restricted touchscreen-based input. Quantitative and qualitative data was gathered through semi structured interviews and non-participant observations. Results show no statistical significance between the physical distance moved of the smartphone and the restriction of touchscreen-based input. Qualitative data show a different software application may yield different results. / Den här studien utforskade det relativt nya området inom offentlig mobil handhållen förstärkt verklighet och hur den pekskärmsbaserade interaktionen av mobila enheter påverkar sättet användare med åldrar 10-12 interagerar med de sex frihetsgrader som förstärkt verklighet möjliggör. Två experiment utfördes, det ena i en publik miljö på ett museum och det andra i en privat miljö på en skola. En statistisk analys utfördes mellan begränsad och icke-begränsad pekskärms interaktion. Kvantitativ och kvalitativ data samlades genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer och icke-deltagande observationer. Resultatet visar på att det inte finns någon statiskt signifikant skillnad mellan den fysiska rörelsen av den mobila enheten och begränsningen av pekskärmsinteraktionen. Den kvalitativa datan visar dock att en annorlunda implementation av mjukvaran kan ge andra resultat.