This study involved using a classroom environment questionnaire in North Carolina to assess and improve biology classroom environments and to relate classroom environment to the student outcomes of achievement and attitudes. Part 1 of the study involved 364 Grade 9 and 10 students in Biology 1 at a large comprehensive urban high school in Charlotte, North Carolina. These students completed preferred and actual forms of a modified version of the What Is Happening In this Class? learning environment questionnaire assessing student cohesiveness, teacher support, involvement, investigation, task orientation, cooperation, and equity. Also an eight-item scale from the Test of Science Related Attitudes (TOSRA) was included to measure students' attitudes towards science. Finally, student achievement in biology was assessed using the results of a districtwide achievement test. Analyses of data collected in Part 1 of the study supported the WIHIC's a priori factor structure, internal consistency reliability, discriminant validity and ability to differentiate between the perceptions of students in different classrooms. Investigation of gender and ethnic (black vs non-black) differences in classroom environment revealed no ethnic differences, but there were gender differences for several scales (with boys perceiving more involvement and investigation and less cooperation than girls). / Various analyses of outcome-environment relationships suggested that student achievement is higher in more cohesive classes, whereas student attitudes to science are particularly favourable in investigative, task-oriented and equitable classes. Part 2 involved one class in intervention aimed at improving both classroom environment and student achievement by giving greater emphasis to those features of the learning environment found to be empirically linked to achievement in Part 1. The students involved in the intervention were chosen because they were `at risk' of failing at school. It was found that this intervention involving a cooperative action research plan led to improvement in both classroom environment and achievement for these `at risk' students. Because the methods used in the intervention are lowcost and available to most teachers, they are of wide potential interest to others.

This study investigated the educational practices and learning outcomes in rural and urban lower secondary school science classrooms of Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia. Guided by six research questions, this study focused on curriculum implementation and its association with the existing working and learning environment, learning process and learning outcomes. The investigations were conducted in two stages and used two research methods. The classroom learning environment and school level environment were investigated at the first stage using the questionnaire survey as a research method. The questionnaires were developed and validated with a sample of 1188 Year 9 students and their teachers in 16 schools. Validation of the questionnaire confirmed that the Indonesian version of the modified WMIC is a valid and reliable instrument to measure the classroom learning environment in the Indonesian educational context. The results regarding the status of the classroom learning environment are summarised in four assertions. First, students tended to prefer a more favourable classroom learning environment than the one they actually experienced. Second, female students generally held slightly more positive perceptions of both actual and preferred learning environments. Third, students in rural schools experienced a less positive learning environment than did their counterparts in urban areas. Fourth, teachers’ perceptions were more favourable than their students on both the actual and preferred learning environment for all seven scales, except on Task Orientation in which their perceptions were matched. This study also confirmed that the Indonesian version of SLEQ, administered to relatively small number of respondents, has gained in merit as a good instrument. / Each scale of the Indonesian SLEQ has acceptable internal consistency reliability and was able to differentiate between the perceptions of teachers in different schools. Further analysis indicated differences between perceptions of school environments of biology and physics teachers and of rural and urban school teachers, particularly on Resources Adequacy. This study also indicated the differences between teachers’ views of the actual and preferred school environments in which the differences are not only statistically but also practically significant. It is suggested that research for improving school environments, by matching teachers’ actual and preferred perceptions, is noteworthy and more research needs to be conducted. The second stage of this study explored the existing science curriculum documents, teachers’ perceptions of the science curriculum, the implementation of science curriculum in the classrooms, and the students’ outcomes in school science. In lower secondary school, science is compulsory for all students of all Year levels, and is aimed to introduce the students to the basic concepts of scientific knowledge and to emphasize the use of tools and equipment during laboratory observations. Science in the lower secondary school consists of physics and biology subjects that were taught separately, but were given the same amount of classroom periods per week. The content was organized into themes or topics. Despite the content to be taught, the development of students’ process skills and students’ attitudes towards science and the environment were also emphasized. / The suggested teaching approaches included the conceptual approach, the problem-solving approach, the inductive-deductive approach and the environmental approach, whereas the suggested teaching methods in science classroom are the experimental method, the demonstration method, the discussion method, the excursion method and the lecturing method. The evaluation and assessment sections of the curriculum documents expected science teachers to systematically and continuously assess the students. Three techniques were suggested to conduct evaluation in the science classroom, which included paper and pencil tests, verbal evaluations, and practical tests. Science teachers and superintendents possessed different perceptions of the science curriculum as expressed in their preferences towards curriculum metaphors. The metaphor ‘Curriculum as Content or as Subject Matter’ was a view perceived by three teachers. ‘Curriculum as intended learning outcome’ was the second metaphor preferred by two teachers, who hold this view for different reasons. In contrast, two superintendents expressed their most preference on the metaphors ‘Curriculum as discrete task and concepts’ and ‘Curriculum as programme planned activity’, respectively. Investigation of the implementation of the science curriculum in the classrooms confirmed that science-teaching practices in urban lower secondary schools was in agreement with those suggested in the curriculum documents. / Science teachers in urban schools tended to use a variety of teaching methods, employed good questioning techniques, provided clear explanations and had high outcomes expectation, and maintained effective classroom management. On the other hand, to some extend science teaching practice in the rural lower secondary schools was not as expected in the curriculum document. Mostly, teachers in rural schools tended to use traditional chalk-and-talk teaching methods, employed a limited questioning techniques, had relatively unclear outcomes expectation, and performed less effective classroom management skills. With regard to students’ outcomes, this study showed less favourable results. Students’ attitudinal outcomes, which were measured by the Indonesian version of adapted TOSRA, were not maximised, and students’ cognitive outcomes are disappointing. The mean scores on the national wide examination, which is 5.46 out of possible maximum score of 10.00, indicated the poor performance of students in learning School Science. No statistically significantly differences were found on attitudinal outcomes between rural and urban and between male and female students’ perceptions. However, the study identified that students’ cognitive scores were statistically significantly different between rural and urban schools. Students in urban schools scored higher in the examination than did their counterparts in rural schools. The study found association between students’ outcomes and the status of classroom learning environments. Both simple analysis and multiple regression analysis procedures showed that all scales of the Indonesian WMIC were statistically significantly associated with two scales of the Indonesian adapted TOSRA and students’ cognitive scores.

The purpose of this study is to analyse the differences between upper-stream, lower-stream and mixed-ability mathematics classes in terms of student perceptions of their classroom learning environment. Both quantitative and qualitative data has been collected from students while qualitative data only was collected from pre-service teachers, practising teachers and parents. The sample for the quantitative data collection was comprised of 581 Year 9 and 10 students in 36 different classes taught by 28 different teachers in 7 schools covering 4 states of Australia. All of the schools are private schools and part of the Seventh-day Adventist school system. The questionnaire used an actual and preferred form of the 56 item version of the What is Happening in the Classroom? (WIHIC) survey along with 10 questions from the Test of Science Related Attitudes (TOSRA) modified for mathematics classrooms. For the qualitative data collection 40 interviews and 8 focus groups were conducted. Apart from comparing upper and lower-streams, other variables examined were: actual and preferred perceptions of the classroom learning environment, Year 9 with Year 10, males with females, English speakers with second language students, and attitudes with perceptions of learning environments. The most significant finding of the study was not only that lower-stream students have a more negative perception of their classroom learning environment, but that they seek less change. This negative perception is seen to be worse in Year 10 than Year 9, particularly in the areas of teacher support and task orientation. This study found a positive correlation between attitude and perceptions of classroom learning environment. This study also found a tacit acceptance of streaming as a practice by most participants in the study.

Always, researchers are trying to use different ways to describe the concept ¡§Motivation¡¨. Different definition of motivation will develop different theory. However, there are two points under below at least: First is the fitness of the culture, the concept of the Western would have the specific background, will not fit in the individual person with other culture. Second, to ease the verifying of the science, most of the researches only discuss the relationship of immediate variables but neglect the influence of individual personality in different points of time. This study will combine the concepts of motivation and creativity through integrating work motivation theories and following up Teresa M. Amabile¡¦s research to build up the ¡§Personal Creative Process Model¡¨. The research model includes: the environment of organization, the process of perception, motivation, behavior and outcome. Especially, process of perception includes personality, criterion and response. ¡§Criterion¡¨ refers to personal need and value which are influenced by social environment and culture in country. Addition, ¡§Response¡¨ refers to attitude and emotion which are influenced by time. In this study, I use the concepts, ¡§Criterion¡¨ and ¡§Response¡¨, to compensate the loss of old motivation theories. Supposing the variable, ¡§Criterion¡¨, is determined, this study¡¦s purpose will find out the relationship of other variables and how these variables influence creativity. Next, using questionnaire to capture responses of college student and work adult will help us to understand the relationship of these responses. The questionnaire, this study uses, includes: ¡§Cognitive Style Instrument¡¨, ¡§What Is Happening in This Class? Questionnaire¡¨, ¡§KEYS¡¨ and ¡§The Work Preference Inventory¡¨. In addition, this study uses the grade of students to represent personal creativity and analyze the relationship between creativity and other constructs. The conclusion shows cognitive style indeed affects creativity, but the relations are different from theory. Furthermore, cognitive style and response/motivation are almost independent. To infer, the response and motivation are intervening variables between personality and creativity. Finally, regression analysis by students, this study got the result: ¡§Close by the factor is the key element of the creativity performance¡¨.

Este trabalho consiste numa cartografia de mapas afetivos do fazer clínico contemporâneo a partir de encontros do autor com experimentações clínicas e paisagens artísticas que componham brechas instituintes nos mecanismos disciplinares e de controle do capitalismo atual. Sociedade capitalista que repele de si o contato angustiante com o que sai fora de suas normatizações postas perante o viver, cotidianizando-o na intenção de anestesiar qualquer inusitado que se apresente. Ao partir dessa lógica que não suporta o inesperado, tentando a todo o momento controlá-lo, passamos a pensar a contribuição da clínica nessa produção social que impede qualquer um de alçar vôos distantes de uma vida tornada normativa e burocrática. Diante desse panorama, se problematiza a clínica no que ela pode se fazer enquanto prática que resista a tal sistema anestesiador da vida. Assim, discutimos ao longo do trabalho as relações de poder que ocorrem nessa sociedade de controle e no que elas possibilitam movimentos de resistência. Para pensar a clínica enquanto resistência ao cotidianizar-se, percorremos algumas ferramentas conceituais desdobrando os seguintes conceitos: acontecimento, individuação e ato criativo. Com eles trabalharemos o tema do fazer clínico e os possíveis caminhos que elevam a clínica a uma condição de recusa perante os mecanismos de controle utilizados em nossa sociedade. O impensável entra em jogo para daí poder criar existências que resistam ao cotidiano. / This work expounds cartography of affective maps about the clinical job in contemporaneity. It was produced from author‟s clinical trials and artistic landscapes that would be able to built instituting gaps in disciplinary and control mechanisms of modern capitalism. The Capitalist society rejects from itself the anguishing touch with what goes out of its normalizations. Capitalism banalizes the everyday life an attempt to anesthetize any unusual that presents itself. Admitting this logic that does not support the unexpected and that try really hard to control the unannounced, we will try to think about the contributions of clinical work in this social production that prevents anyone from lift away from a life made legislative and bureaucratic control. Using as starting point this context, this works discusses what the clinical work could do as a practice that is able to resists in a system that anesthetizes the life itself. So, during the work we discuss the power relations in this control society, but we do it focused in what enable resistance moves. To think the clinical work as a piece of resistance in the way to do banalise the everyday life, we use some conceptual tools and unfold these concepts: happening, individuation and creative act. Using this we will formulate the theme of clinical work and the possible roads that put this experience in a refuse condition to the disciplinary and control mechanisms used in our society. The unthinkable then comes into play to create power existences that are able to resist to the banalization of the everyday life.

Um projeto terapêutico, qualquer que seja, implica em capacitar o ser humano a poder inovar, inventar, criar. Vem daí um desejo de conhecer mais a respeito da dimensão criativa e da potência de vida do indivíduo, bem como dos modos de produção de espaços que favoreçam a invenção de si e do mundo. Deste interesse nasceu a reflexão sobre uma experiência com um grupo de artesãs e uma artista plástica, cuja apresentação é o objetivo último deste texto. A partir do conceito de Acontecimento de Gilles Deleuze e, tendo como intercessor o trabalho com patchwork, vai relacionar modos de trabalhar e modos de subjetivar. Parte do pressuposto de que o modo de trabalhar com o patchwork configura-se como uma estética criadora de oportunidades e de transformações, fazendo emergir novos modos de existencialização. O tema da atenção, conforme a concepção de Henry Bergson, vai surgir como um elemento essencial no processo de busca de liberdade para pensar o estético e a ocupação dos espaços. De uma aproximação com máquinas estagnadas à transformação em máquinas subjetivantes, este é o entre que se procurou cartografar, e que está sintetizado nessa escritura. / Any therapeutic project implies training people to be able to innovate, invent, and create. This is the origin of the desire for increasing our knowledge regarding the individual’s creative dimension and life power, as well as in terms of ways to create environments that stimulate self-invention and the invention of the world. This interest served as the basis for the analysis of an experience involving a group of craftswomen and an artist. The objective of this study is to present such experience. Based on the concept of Happening created by Gilles Deleuze, and having patchwork as the means, this experience relates ways of working to ways of practicing subjective analysis. This experience is based on the assumption that the way people work with patchwork constitutes a creative aesthetics of opportunities and transformations, producing new ways of being. The topic of attention, according to the concept created by Henry Bergson, is one the essential elements in the process of search for freedom to consider aesthetics and the way we use the environments. From getting familiar with still machines to the transformation of this equipment into subjectivizing devices, this is the process we intended to show, and such a process is summarized in this text.

Um projeto terapêutico, qualquer que seja, implica em capacitar o ser humano a poder inovar, inventar, criar. Vem daí um desejo de conhecer mais a respeito da dimensão criativa e da potência de vida do indivíduo, bem como dos modos de produção de espaços que favoreçam a invenção de si e do mundo. Deste interesse nasceu a reflexão sobre uma experiência com um grupo de artesãs e uma artista plástica, cuja apresentação é o objetivo último deste texto. A partir do conceito de Acontecimento de Gilles Deleuze e, tendo como intercessor o trabalho com patchwork, vai relacionar modos de trabalhar e modos de subjetivar. Parte do pressuposto de que o modo de trabalhar com o patchwork configura-se como uma estética criadora de oportunidades e de transformações, fazendo emergir novos modos de existencialização. O tema da atenção, conforme a concepção de Henry Bergson, vai surgir como um elemento essencial no processo de busca de liberdade para pensar o estético e a ocupação dos espaços. De uma aproximação com máquinas estagnadas à transformação em máquinas subjetivantes, este é o entre que se procurou cartografar, e que está sintetizado nessa escritura. / Any therapeutic project implies training people to be able to innovate, invent, and create. This is the origin of the desire for increasing our knowledge regarding the individual’s creative dimension and life power, as well as in terms of ways to create environments that stimulate self-invention and the invention of the world. This interest served as the basis for the analysis of an experience involving a group of craftswomen and an artist. The objective of this study is to present such experience. Based on the concept of Happening created by Gilles Deleuze, and having patchwork as the means, this experience relates ways of working to ways of practicing subjective analysis. This experience is based on the assumption that the way people work with patchwork constitutes a creative aesthetics of opportunities and transformations, producing new ways of being. The topic of attention, according to the concept created by Henry Bergson, is one the essential elements in the process of search for freedom to consider aesthetics and the way we use the environments. From getting familiar with still machines to the transformation of this equipment into subjectivizing devices, this is the process we intended to show, and such a process is summarized in this text.

Este trabalho consiste numa cartografia de mapas afetivos do fazer clínico contemporâneo a partir de encontros do autor com experimentações clínicas e paisagens artísticas que componham brechas instituintes nos mecanismos disciplinares e de controle do capitalismo atual. Sociedade capitalista que repele de si o contato angustiante com o que sai fora de suas normatizações postas perante o viver, cotidianizando-o na intenção de anestesiar qualquer inusitado que se apresente. Ao partir dessa lógica que não suporta o inesperado, tentando a todo o momento controlá-lo, passamos a pensar a contribuição da clínica nessa produção social que impede qualquer um de alçar vôos distantes de uma vida tornada normativa e burocrática. Diante desse panorama, se problematiza a clínica no que ela pode se fazer enquanto prática que resista a tal sistema anestesiador da vida. Assim, discutimos ao longo do trabalho as relações de poder que ocorrem nessa sociedade de controle e no que elas possibilitam movimentos de resistência. Para pensar a clínica enquanto resistência ao cotidianizar-se, percorremos algumas ferramentas conceituais desdobrando os seguintes conceitos: acontecimento, individuação e ato criativo. Com eles trabalharemos o tema do fazer clínico e os possíveis caminhos que elevam a clínica a uma condição de recusa perante os mecanismos de controle utilizados em nossa sociedade. O impensável entra em jogo para daí poder criar existências que resistam ao cotidiano. / This work expounds cartography of affective maps about the clinical job in contemporaneity. It was produced from author‟s clinical trials and artistic landscapes that would be able to built instituting gaps in disciplinary and control mechanisms of modern capitalism. The Capitalist society rejects from itself the anguishing touch with what goes out of its normalizations. Capitalism banalizes the everyday life an attempt to anesthetize any unusual that presents itself. Admitting this logic that does not support the unexpected and that try really hard to control the unannounced, we will try to think about the contributions of clinical work in this social production that prevents anyone from lift away from a life made legislative and bureaucratic control. Using as starting point this context, this works discusses what the clinical work could do as a practice that is able to resists in a system that anesthetizes the life itself. So, during the work we discuss the power relations in this control society, but we do it focused in what enable resistance moves. To think the clinical work as a piece of resistance in the way to do banalise the everyday life, we use some conceptual tools and unfold these concepts: happening, individuation and creative act. Using this we will formulate the theme of clinical work and the possible roads that put this experience in a refuse condition to the disciplinary and control mechanisms used in our society. The unthinkable then comes into play to create power existences that are able to resist to the banalization of the everyday life.

Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-06-14T19:03:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGP.pdf: 1665311 bytes, checksum: 8d14b298524d6b6845eeebb2abd0224d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-06-27T17:24:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGP.pdf: 1665311 bytes, checksum: 8d14b298524d6b6845eeebb2abd0224d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-06-27T17:24:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGP.pdf: 1665311 bytes, checksum: 8d14b298524d6b6845eeebb2abd0224d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-27T17:29:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGP.pdf: 1665311 bytes, checksum: 8d14b298524d6b6845eeebb2abd0224d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The manifestations occured in June 2013 in Brazil were marked by a large content production by a great diversity of users, indie medias and the traditional media. Whitin this premise, this research uses discourse analysis as a methodology to observe how interactions between contents produced by users in platforms as Facebook, YouTube, and the Twitcasting and media portals promote a discursive transmedia happening. As a study case, the research also analyses the alternative media collective Mídia Ninja, analyzing its production structure and how it´s contents promoted interactions with the traditional media, promoting discutions on the new relationship between activism and media. / As manifestações iniciadas em junho 2013 no Brasil foram marcadas por uma grande produção de conteúdo em diversas plataformas por usuários, mídias alternativas e mídias tradicionais. Partindo dessa premissa, a pesquisa se utiliza metodologicamente da análise do discurso para observar como as interações entre os conteúdos produzidos para plataformas como Facebook, YouTube, Twitcasting e nos grandes portais de mídias promovem um acontecimento discursivo transmidiático. Como estudo de caso, a pesquisa também utilizará uma análise do grupo de mídia alternativa Mídia Ninja, ao investigar sua estrutura de produção e como seus conteúdos promoveram interações com a grande mídia promovendo, assim, discussões sobre as relações contemporâneas entre o ativismo e as mídias.

The theoretical part of my diploma thesis entitled {\clqq} The Snooper : multifunkcional designer study ``, is analysing problem of the intersection into the personal privacy. This problem had stimulated the author to create a work of visual art. Hereafter it documents examples of historical use of ceramic wall tiles with relief decoration . Also it presents the technology of producing wall tiles. The practical part of my diploma thesis contains design, production and installation of wall tiles with relief motive of a{\clqq}snooper`` in the interior of public toilettes . It also photographically doocuments this happening.