Real-Time systems are defined not only by their logical correctness but also timeliness. Modern real-time systems, such as those controlling industrial plants or the flight controller on UAVs, are no longer isolated. The same computing resources are shared with a variety of other systems and software. Further, these systems are increasingly being connected and made available over the internet with the rise of Internet of Things and the need for automation. Many real-time systems contain sensitive code and data, which not only need to be kept confidential but also need protection against unauthorized access and modification. With the cheap availability of hardware supported Trusted Execution Environments (TEE) in modern day microprocessors, securing sensitive information has become easier and more robust. However, when applied to real-time systems, the overheads of using TEEs make scheduling untenable. However, this issue can be mitigated by judiciously utilizing TEEs and capturing TEE operation peculiarities to create better scheduling policies. This thesis provides a new task model and scheduling approach, Split-TEE task model and a scheduling approach ST-EDF. It also presents simulation results for 2 previously proposed approaches to scheduling TEEs, T-EDF and CT-RM. / Master of Science / Real-Time systems are computing systems that not only maintain the traditional purpose of any computer, i.e, to be logically correct, but also timeliness, i.e, guaranteeing an output in a given amount of time. While, traditionally, real-time systems were isolated to reduce interference which could affect the timeliness, modern real-time systems are being increasingly connected to the internet. Many real-time systems, especially those used for critical applications like industrial control or military equipment, contain sensitive code or data that must not be divulged to a third party or open to modification. In such cases, it is necessary to use methods to safeguard this information, regardless of the extra processing time/resource consumption (overheads) that it may add to the system. Modern hardware support Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs), a cheap, easy and robust mechanism to secure arbitrary pieces of code and data. To effectively use TEEs in a real-time system, the scheduling policy which decides which task to run at a given time instant, must be made aware of TEEs and must be modified to take as much advantage of TEE execution while mitigating the effect of its overheads on the timeliness guarantees of the system. This thesis presents an approach to schedule TEE augmented code and simulation results of two previously proposed approaches.

Klibbalen (Alnus Glutinosa) växer på frisk eller fuktig mark i södra och mellersta Sverige, mestadels i bestånd mindre än ett hektar. Klibbalen är med sina kvävefixerande noduler på rötterna ett näringsberikande träd, dess kvävetillförsel medför en naturlig gödsling. Den växer som bäst på djup näringsrik, mullrik mark med rörligt grundvatten. Produktionen kan  uppgå till drygt 10 m3sk/ha och år och kan föryngringsavverkas vid 35 års ålder. Virket är mjukt, har låg densitet och är lätt att bearbeta. Efter bearbetning fås en jämn fin yta som behålls även efter återfuktning. Värmeupptagningsförmågan är låg för klibbal. Däremot är virket inte intressant för tillverkning av papper då virket missfärgar pappersmassan. Undersökningen är tredelad, besök och intervjuer på lövsågverk, fältmätningar i bestånd samt analys av beståndsdata från skogsbruksplaner. Dessa tre delar ligger till grund för en syntes till en förbättrad skötselinstruktion för klibbal. Vid intervjuer med lövsågverk framkommer att de sågverk som idag sågar lövvirke upplever en brist på virke med rätt kvalitet. Med bättre skötsel och ett anpassat skötselprogram för klibbal bör det gå att få ut mer sågbart virke. God kvalitet på klibbalsvirke definieras som virke fritt från torr- och rötkvist samt brunkärna. Träden bör vid slutavverkning vara 30 till 40 cm i brösthöjd. De skogsbruksplaner som Södra Skogsägarna tillhandahöll har undersökts avseende de bestånd där klibbal är huvudträdslag. Som regel baseras skötselförslagen för dessa bestånd på andra trädslag än klibbal t.ex. gran eller björk och med ett skötselintervall på 5 år. Skötselintervallet blir ofta för långt i dessa förslag. Resultatet från såväl intervjuerna, fältmätningarna och skogsbruksplanerna har syntetiserats till ett förbättrat skötselprogram. Med en korrekt angivning av beståndsdata med anpassande skötselförslag för klibbal som har korta skötselperioder går det att skapa bättre framtida virkeskvalitet. Dagens skogsbruksplaner ger för långa tidsperioder för klibbalskötsel och bör förkortas till 2, 3 och 4-års långa perioder beroende på var i omloppstiden man befinner sig. / Common alder (Alnus Glutinosa) grows for the most part in the south and middle of Sweden, in clumps smaller than one hectare. The wood is soft, light and easy to work and maintains a smooth surface in humid environment and does not take on heath. The wood is not of interest in pulp as it discolors. The hard wood saw mills have at present a lack of good quality hardwood. With enhanced silviculture-program for common alder with shorter silviculture-interval, 2-, 3 and 4 years, and the use of a site index for common alder it should be possible to get a higher production of good quality hardwood. The current silviculture programs should be changed to shorter intervals to fit common alder silviculture. When common alder is identified for cutting, it should be taken to the hard wood industry for optimal refining.

Os conceitos de soft power e hard power se desenvolveram muito ao longo das últimas décadas, geralmente com discussões sobre os instrumentos de uso desses tipos de poder e suas consequências. Ao mesmo tempo, poucos estudos foram feitos para tentar identificar condições mínimas para que o soft power florescesse e o hard power diminuísse. A presente tese tenta corroborar empiricamente a ideia de que países mais desenvolvidos e com instituições mais sólidas teriam condições de ter mais soft power e ao mesmo tempo menos hard power ao longo do tempo. Basicamente, ter uma economia desenvolvida e estável daria condições para que um país conseguisse ser exemplo para outros países. Por outro lado, países mais desenvolvidos institucional e economicamente teriam mais demandas sociais em contraposição a mais gastos militares. Além disso, testes empíricos também indicam que o crescimento das democracias no mundo permitiu que o gasto militar americano caísse ao longo dos anos, sendo que a evolução das democracias foi exógena ao gasto militar americano, dando abertura para uma visão realista de menor interferência militar em outros países por parte dos americanos. / The concepts of soft power and hard power have developed a lot over the last few decades, usually with discussions about the tools for using these types of power and their consequences. At the same time, few studies were done to try to identify minimum conditions for soft power to flourish and hard power to decrease. The present thesis tries to empirically confirm the idea that more developed countries with more solid institutions would be able to have more soft power and at the same time less hard power over time. Basically, having a developed and stable economy would make it possible for a country to be an example for other countries. On the other hand, more developed countries, institutionally and economically, would have more social demands as opposed to more military spending. In addition, empirical evidence also indicates that the growth of democracies in the world has allowed US military spending to fall over the years, with the evolution of democracies being exogenous to US military spending, opening up to a realist view of less military interference in other countries on the part of Americans.

Finish machining of hardened steel is receiving increasing attention as an alternative to the grinding process, because it offers comparable part finish, lower production cost, shorter cycle time, fewer process steps, higher flexibility and the elimination of environmentally hazardous cutting fluids. In order to demonstrate its economic viability, it is of particular importance to enable critical hard turning processes to run in optimal conditions based on specified objectives and practical constraints. In this dissertation, a scientific and systematic methodology to design the optimal tool geometry and cutting conditions is developed. First, a systematic evolutionary algorithm is elaborated as its optimization block in the areas of: problem representation; selection scheme; genetic operators for integer, discrete and continuous design variables; constraint handling and population initialization. Secondly, models to predict process thermal, forces/stresses, tool wear and surface integrity are addressed. And then hard turning process planning and optimization are implemented and experimentally validated. Finally, an intelligent advisory system for hard turning technology by integrating experimental, numerical and analytical knowledge into one system with user friendly interface is presented. The work of this dissertation improves the state of the art in making tooling solution and process planning decisions for hard turning processes.

Nombre de lectures concernant la fiction d’espionnage de John le Carré s’accordent sur la place particulière que celle-ci occupe au sein du genre. Pourtant, aucune ne met en regard la spécificité des romans et de l’écriture le carréenne, avec ses emprunts au roman de détection ou au roman américain hard-boiled, et le contexte politique, philosophique et épistémologique. Lorsque les premiers romans de le Carré sont publiés, dans les années 1960, le monde connaît d’importants bouleversements sociaux et politiques. Si de nouveaux enjeux naissent alors dans le roman d’espionnage, et si la fiction de John le Carré fait partie de celles qui incarnent ces changements, on retrouve plus particulièrement chez l’auteur les marques de la rupture épistémologique des années 1960 : flexibilité des valeurs morales au sein des services de renseignements, vide dogmatique, et parfois idéologique, chez l’agent professionnel, ou encore remise en cause de l’Histoire, qui est perçue chez le Carré comme le résultat d’actes de manipulation. Ainsi, en entrant dans l’ère du soupçon, telle qu’elle est dépeinte et magnifiée dans le monde secret de le Carré, son oeuvre offre un reflet des inquiétudes qui marquent la postmodernité de la fin du XXe siècle. Pourtant, l’oeuvre s’en éloigne d’un autre côté en ce qu’il ne renvoie pas à un vertige sans fin du sens ou une absence totale de vérité. Il laisse la possibilité au héros d’évoluer et d’apprendre. D’un point de vue littéraire, bien que le Carré suive le modèle d’écriture du roman d’espionnage, il l’a aussi en partie refaçonné de l’intérieur en le tirant du côté du roman policier et de la quête de vérité mais aussi en l’enrichissant des questions postmodernes. L’oeuvre de l’auteur se retrouve donc à une position médiane : il est entré dans la postmodernité sans toutefois céder à l’excès de la multiplicité ou du chaos et il continue d’utiliser les conventions d’un genre qu’il maniepour les faire évoluer vers une réflexion sur la place de l’être humain / Many readings of John le Carré’s spy fiction agree on its particular position within the genre. However, none link the specificity of the le carrean novels and writings, borrowing from the detective novel and the American hard-boiled novel, to the political, philosophical and epistemological context. When the first novels by John le Carré were published, in the 1960s, the world was facing great political and social upheavals. If new elements are then apparent in the spy novel, and if le Carré’s fiction is one of those which embodies these changes, traces of the epistemological break of the 1960s is clear in the author’s works: the flexibility of the moral values within the secret services, the dogmatic, and sometimes ideological, void in the professional agent, or again the reassessment of History, perceived as the result of acts of manipulation in le carrean fiction. Therefore, while his work enters the era of suspicion, as described and magnified in the covert world of John le Carré, it is a reflection of the anxieties specific to postmodernity at the end of the twentieth century. Nevertheless, on the other hand, the novels drift away from this as they do not convey an endless multiplication of meanings or a total absence of truth. The hero has the possibility of evolving and learning in his novels. From a literary standpoint, although le Carré follows the writing pattern of the spy novel, he has also partly reshaped it from the inside when he brought it towards the detective novel and the quest for truth and when he enriched it with postmodern questions. His work therefore occupies an in-between position: it has entered postmodernity without giving way to the excess of multiplicity or chaos, and it has continued to use the genre conventions to make them evolve towards a reflection on the place of the human being

No description available.

Each genotype was exposed to controlled PHS conditions for evaluation of susceptibility or tolerance to sprouting, falling number, kernel color, test weight, and yield. The 24 genotypes were grown in replicated trials at three locations over three years, all data subjected to an analysis of variance. Over three years the genotypes were rated for visual PHS using a 1 to 9 scale, with 1 equivalent to no visual PHS and 9 equivalent to maximum visual PHS. The red genotypes exhibited a higher tolerance to PHS than white genotypes with a mean PHS score of 4.46 compared with 5.16 for white genotypes. Not all the white genotypes were equally susceptible to PHS or more susceptible than the red genotypes, suggesting that not all seed dormancy is linked to the kernel color genes.

<p>  </p> <p>Historically, agencies have been reliant on physical infrastructure, crash data, manual data collection, and modeling to evaluate their road networks. Over the past several years, enhanced probe data has become commercially available and has shown itself to be a relatively inexpensive and scalable way to evaluate the performance of road networks. In January 2022 alone, 11.3 billion passenger vehicle trajectory waypoints and 279 million passenger vehicle event records were logged in the state of Indiana. This data, typically segmented into vehicle trajectory waypoints and vehicle event records, contains a variety of information including, but not limited to, location, speed, heading, and timestamp. </p> <p>One use for this enhanced probe data is the evaluation of traffic signals for safety improvements. Typically, agencies require 3 – 5 years of crash data to be able to statistically identify intersections in need of safety improvements. This study compared crash data over a 4.5-year period at 8 signalized intersections to one month of weekday hard-braking and hard-acceleration data from July 2019. A Spearman’s rank-order correlation test was used, and a strong to very strong correlation between event data and crashes could be found indicating that just one month of event data could be an adequate substitute for 3 – 5 years of crash data. </p> <p>The representativeness of this data is often a major concern for many agencies as the usefulness of the data is only as good as the data itself. This paper describes and demonstrates a methodology for measuring connected vehicle penetration using data provided by state highway performance monitoring stations. This study looked at 1.7 billion count station vehicle counts and 70 million connected vehicle records across 381 count stations in 11 different states (California, Connecticut, Georgia, Indiana, Minnesota, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah, and Wisconsin). Across the 11 states and 381 stations, the average percent penetration was 3.8% in August 2020 and 3.9% in August 2021. Drilling down to August 2021, the percent penetration observed among the 187 interstate stations varied from 1.6% in Indiana to 10.0% in Wisconsin. A similar comparison of 162 non-interstate count stations showed a variation of 2.1% in MN and 18.0% in WI on non-interstates. </p>

This thesis concerns the ternary Al-Cr-O system. (Al1-xCrx)2O3 solid solution thin films with 0.6&lt;x&lt;0.7 were deposited on Si(001) substrates at temperatures of 400-500 °C by reactive radio frequency magnetron sputtering from metallic targets of Al and Cr in a flow controlled Ar / O2 gas mixture. As-deposited and annealed (Al1-xCrx)2O3 thin films were analyzed by x-ray diffraction, elastic recoil detection analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nanoindentation. (Al1-xCrx)2O3 showed to have face centered cubic structure with lattice parameter of 4.04 Å, which is in contrast to the typical corundum structure reported for these films. The as-deposited films exhibited hardness of ~ 26 GPa and elastic modulus of 220-235 GPa. Phase transformation from cubic to corundum (Al0.32Cr0.68)2O3 starts at 925 °C. Annealing at 1000 °C resulted in complete phase transformation, while no precipitates of alumina and chromia were observed. Studies on kinetics of phase transformation showed a two-step thermally activated process; phase transformation and grain growth with the apparent activation energies 213±162 and 945±27 kJ/mol, respectively.

ITC/USA 2005 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2005 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Instrumentation recorders have evolved continuously over the years. Their growth has primarily been driven by technology advancements. The latest recording equipment generally utilizes hard disk, disk array, or solid-state storage technology, which results in greater capacity and performance. Most recorders integrate storage media with multiplexer electronics resulting in a highly efficient yet inflexible and physically large recording system. This paper describes an instrumentation multiplexer/recorder system using an open architecture between the multiplexer and the storage media that allows insertion of conventional recording technologies. This approach provides a generalized solution with enough flexibility and scalability to address the majority of instrumentation recording needs. This system is based on the latest IRIG-106 chapter 10 standard, thus supporting interoperability throughout the flight test community.