<p> The principal object of this study is to find weak and strong type estimates concerning functions in weighted Lp spaces and their maximal functions. We also apply these results to the study of convolution integrals. </p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

No description available.

Submitted by ANA KARLA PEREIRA RODRIGUES (anakarla_@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-10T12:12:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 955147 bytes, checksum: f6b8d3b1e6ba8fba22d9e0a28e6685fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-10T12:12:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 955147 bytes, checksum: f6b8d3b1e6ba8fba22d9e0a28e6685fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this work, we present a version little know of the famous Hölder's Inequality, considering the context of Lp and lp spaces for mixed norms. We show how a suitable use this inequality has influencied positively others classical inequalities, to highlight, the multilinear inequalities of Bohnenblust-Hille and Hardy-Littlewood. / No presente trabalho, apresentamos uma versão pouco conhecida da famosa Desigualdade de Hölder, considerando o contexto dos espaços Lp e lp com normas mistas. Mostramos como o uso adequado desta desigualdade vem influenciando positivamente outras desigualdades clássicas, a destacar, as desigualdades multilineares de Bohnenblust-Hille e Hardy-Littlewood.

Submitted by ANA KARLA PEREIRA RODRIGUES (anakarla_@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-17T16:04:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 699730 bytes, checksum: d48ddf5357572db4dac922761f91c532 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-17T16:04:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 699730 bytes, checksum: d48ddf5357572db4dac922761f91c532 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this study we show two classical inequalities, namely Bohnenblust-Hille inequality and Hardy-Littlewood inequality. The rst one, conceived as a tool for the study of problems related to Dirichlet series, is a generalization of Littlewood`s 4/3 inequality to multilinear forms. The second is a generalization of Bohnenblust-Hille inequality, produced by the replacement of c0 with lp. / No presente trabalho abordaremos duas desigualdades cl assicas, a saber, a Desigualdade de Bohnenblust-Hille e a Desigualdade de Hardy- Littlewood. A primeira, surgiu como ferramenta para o estudo de problemas relacionados a s eries de Dirichlet e e uma generaliza c~ao para formas multilineares da Desigualdade 4/3 de Littlewood. A segunda consiste de uma generaliza c~ao da Desigualdade de Bohnenblust-Hille, produzida pela substituição de c0 por lp.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-15T11:46:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1916558 bytes, checksum: 2a74bd2ee59f2f8ed1aa50acfcc283c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work is divided in two subjects. The first concerns about the Bohnenblust-Hille and Hardy- Littlewood multilinear inequalities. We obtain optimal and definitive generalizations for both inequalities. Moreover, the approach presented provides much simpler and straightforward proofs than the previous one known, and we are able to show that in most cases the exponents involved are optimal. The technique used is a combination of probabilistic tools and of an interpolative approach; this former technique is also employed in this thesis to improve the constants for vector-valued Bohnenblust-Hille type inequalities. The second subject has as starting point the existence of Peano spaces, that is, Haurdor spaces that are continuous image of the unit interval. From the point of view of lineability we analyze the set of continuous surjections from an arbitrary euclidean spaces on topological spaces that are, in some natural sense, covered by Peano spaces, and we conclude that large algebras are found within the families studied. We provide several optimal and definitive result on euclidean spaces, and, moreover, an optimal lineability result on those special topological vector spaces. / Este trabalho édividido em dois temas. O primeiro diz respeito às desigualdades multilineares de Bohnenblust-Hille e Hardy-Littlewood. Obtemos generalizações ótimas e definitivas para ambas desigualdades. Mais ainda, a abordagem apresentada fornece demonstrações mais simples e diretas do que as conhecidas anteriormente, além de sermos capazes de mostrar que os expoentes envolvidos são ótimos em varias situações. A técnica utilizada combina ferramentas probabilísticas e interpolativas; esta ultima e ainda usada para melhorar as estimativas das versões vetoriais da desigualdade de Bohnenblust-Hille. O segundo tema possui como ponto de partida a existência de espaços de Peano, ou seja, os espaços de Hausdor que são imagem contínua do intervalo unitário. Sob o ponto de vista da lineabilidade, analisamos o conjunto das sobrejecoes contínuas de um espaço euclidiano arbitrário em um espaço topológico que, de certa forma, e coberto por espaços de Peano, e concluímos que grandes álgebras são encontradas nas famílias estudadas. Fornecemos vários resultados ótimos e definitivos em espaços euclidianos, e, mais ainda, um resultado de lineabilidade ótimo naqueles espaços vetoriais topológicos especiais.

No description available.

Submitted by ANA KARLA PEREIRA RODRIGUES (anakarla_@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-23T16:38:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1943524 bytes, checksum: 935ea8764b03a0cab23d8c7c772a137d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-23T16:38:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1943524 bytes, checksum: 935ea8764b03a0cab23d8c7c772a137d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work is divided into three parts. In the first part, we investigate the behavior of the constants of the Bohnenblust–Hille and Hardy–Littlewood polynomial and multilinear inequalities. In the second part, we show an optimal spaceability result for a set of non-multiple summing forms on `p and we also generalize a result related to cotype (from 2010) as highlighted by G. Botelho, C. Michels, and D. Pellegrino. Moreover, we prove new coincidence results for the class of absolutely and multiple summing multilinear operators (in particular, we show that the well-known Defant–Voigt theorem is optimal). Still in the second part, we show a generalization of the Bohnenblust–Hille and Hardy–Littlewood multilinear inequalities and we present a new class of summing multilinear operators, which recovers the class of absolutely and multiple summing operators. In the third part, it is proved the existence of large algebraic structures inside, among others, the family of Lebesgue measurable functions that are surjective in a strong sense, the family of non-constant di↵erentiable real functions vanishing on dense sets, and the family of noncontinuous separately continuous real functions. / Este trabalho est´a dividido em trˆes partes. Na primeira parte, investigamos o comportamento das constantes das desigualdades polinomial e multilinear de Bohnenblust–Hille e Hardy–Littlewood. Na segunda parte, mostramos um resultado ´otimo de espa¸cabilidade para o complementar de uma classe de operadores m´ultiplo somantes em `p e tamb´em generalizamos um resultado relacionado a cotipo (de 2010) devido a G. Botelho, C. Michels e D. Pellegrino. Al´em disso, provamos novos resultados de coincidˆencia para as classes de operadores multilineares absolutamente e m´ultiplo somantes (em particular, mostramos que o famoso teorema de Defant–Voigt ´e ´otimo). Ainda na segunda parte, mostramos uma generaliza¸c˜ao das desigualdades multilineares de Bohnenblust–Hille e Hardy–Littlewood e apresentamos uma nova classe de operadores multilineares somantes, a qual recupera as classes dos operadores multilineares absolutamente e m´ultiplo somantes. Na terceira parte, provamos a existˆencia de grandes estruturas alg´ebricas dentro de certos conjuntos, como, por exemplo, a fam´ılia das fun¸c˜oes mensur´aveis `a Lebesgue que s˜ao sobrejetivas em um sentido forte, a fam´ılia das fun¸c˜oes reais n˜ao constantes e diferenci´aveis que se anulam em um conjunto denso e a fam´ılia das fun¸c˜oes reais n˜ao cont´ınuas e separadamente cont´ınuas.

V této práci se zabýváme r·znými pokrývacími větami a jejich ap- likacemi. Kromě klasických pokrývacích vět (Vitaliova, Besicovitchova a Whitney- ova věta) zde uvádíme i některá jejich zobecnění a další pokrývací věty. Tyto věty pak používáme v d·kazech dalších vět, některé jsou typickými aplikacemi pokrý- vacích vět jako například Lebesgueova věta o derivování, slabý typ (1,1) maximál- ního operátoru nebo Calderónovo-Zygmundovo lemma, v jejichž d·kazech hrají pokrývací věty klíčovou roli. Dále se zabýváme nerovnostmi mezi operátory, po- mocí pokrývacích vět dokazujeme vztahy mezi Hardyovým-Littlewoodovým max- imálním operátorem, maximálním singulárním integrálním operátorem a ostrým maximálním operátorem. 1

We consider systems of polynomial equations and inequalities to be solved in integers. By applying the circle method, when the number of variables is large and the system is geometrically well-behaved we give an asymptotic estimate for the number of solutions of bounded size. In the case of R homogeneous equations having the same degree d, a classic theorem of Birch provides such an estimate provided the number of variables is R(R+1)(d-1)2^d-1+R or greater and the system is nonsingular. In many cases this conclusion has been improved, but except in the case of diagonal equations the number of variables needed has always grown quadratically in R. We give a result requiring only d2^dR+R variables, obtaining linear growth in R. When d = 2 or 3 we require only that the system be nonsingular; when d&LT;4 we require that the coefficients of the equations belong to a certain explicit Zariski open set. These conditions are satisfied for typical systems of equations, and can in principle be checked algorithmically for any particular system. We also give an asymptotic estimate for the number of solutions to R polynomial inequalities of degree d with real coefficients, in the same number of variables and satisfying the same geometric conditions as in our work on equations. Previously one needed the number of variables to grow super-exponentially in the degree d in order to show that a nontrivial solution exists.

Dans cette thèse, nous étudions l'ensemble des solutions d'équations aux dérivées partielles résultant de modèles d'astrophysique et de biologie. Nous répondons aux questions de l'existence, mais aussi nous essayons de décrire le comportement de certaines familles de solutions lorsque les paramètres varient. Tout d'abord, nous étudions deux problèmes issus de l'astrophysique, pour lesquels nous montrons l'existence d'ensembles particuliers de solutions dépendant d'un paramètre à l'aide de la méthode de réduction de Lyapunov-Schmidt. Ensuite un argument de perturbation et le théorème du Point xe de Banach réduisent le problème original à un problème de dimension finie, et qui peut être résolu, habituellement, par des techniques variationnelles. Le reste de la thèse est consacré à l'étude du modèle Keller-Segel, qui décrit le mouvement d'amibes unicellulaires. Dans sa version plus simple, le modèle de Keller-Segel est un système parabolique-elliptique qui partage avec certains modèles gravitationnels la propriété que l'interaction est calculée au moyen d'une équation de Poisson / Newton attractive. Une différence majeure réside dans le fait que le modèle est défini dans un espace bidimensionnel, qui est expérimentalement consistant, tandis que les modèles de gravitationnels sont ordinairement posés en trois dimensions. Pour ce problème, les questions de l'existence sont bien connues, mais le comportement des solutions au cours de l'évolution dans le temps est encore un domaine actif de recherche. Ici nous étendre les propriétés déjà connues dans des régimes particuliers à un intervalle plus large du paramètre de masse, et nous donnons une estimation précise de la vitesse de convergence de la solution vers un profil donné quand le temps tend vers l'infini. Ce résultat est obtenu à l'aide de divers outils tels que des techniques de symétrisation et des inégalités fonctionnelles optimales. Les derniers chapitres traitent de résultats numériques et de calculs formels liés au modèle Keller-Segel / In this thesis we study the set of solutions of partial differential equations arising from models in astrophysics and biology. We answer the questions of existence but also we try to describe the behavior of some families of solutions when parameters vary. First we study two problems concerned with astrophysics, where we show the existence of particular sets of solutions depending on a parameter using the Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction method. Afterwards a perturbation argument and Banach's Fixed Point Theorem reduce the original problem to a finite-dimensional one, which can be solved, usually, by variational techniques. The rest of the thesis is de-voted to the study of the Keller-Segel model, which describes the motion of unicellular amoebae. In its simpler version, the Keller-Segel model is a parabolic-elliptic system which shares with some gravitational models the property that interaction is computed through an attractive Poisson / Newton equation. A major difference is the fact that it is set in a two-dimensional setting, which experimentally makes sense, while gravitational models are ordinarily three-dimensional. For this problem the existence issues are well known, but the behaviour of the solutions during the time evolution is still an active area of research. Here we extend properties already known in particular regimes to a broader range of the mass parameter, and we give a precise estimate of the convergence rate of the solution to a known profile as time goes to infinity. This result is achieved using various tools such as symmetrization techniques and optimal functional inequalities. The last chapters deal with numerical results and formal computations related to the Keller-Segel model