Orientador: José Antenor Pomilio / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T12:15:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tavares_PauloHenrique_M.pdf: 5510911 bytes, checksum: 940c63e44cced59574e4dc9dcf86175e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo utilizar diversos recursos de engenharia, para se avaliar a qualidade da energia de uma instalação elétrica, utilizando ferramentas de software para a expansão de uma planta industrial, avaliando-se as consequências da compensação de reativos e mitigação harmônica considerando-se a instalação de cargas não lineares. A dissertação foi dividida em tópicos, considerando a revisão de alguns conceitos de qualidade da energia elétrica, em especial as distorções harmônicas, sua interpretação, características, impactos sobre o sistema de potência, limites dos equipamentos elétricos às distorções, modelagem das cargas, tipos de filtros harmônicos, e a mitigação das perturbações harmônicas para atendimento às normas técnicas nacionais e internacionais. Também é abordada neste trabalho a expansão de uma instalação industrial considerando a compensação de reativos, as distorções harmônicas nas subestações de baixa até a alta tensão, projeto e implantação de filtros harmônicos sintonizados, visando atendimento às recomendações nacionais de fator de potência e de distorções harmônicas. Por fim, são comparados os resultados de simulações feitas utilizando o software PTW 32 com as medições em campo antes e após a instalação dos dois filtros harmônicos na barra de 11,9 kV, comprovando que os modelos matemáticos do software utilizados nas simulações de fluxo fundamental e harmônico, em regime permanente, apresentam resultados satisfatórios, bem como validando o dimensionamento do filtro harmônico sintonizado / Abstract: This work has as main goal to use various engineering resources, to evaluate the power quality of an electrical installation, using software tools to designing the expansion of an industrial plant, evaluating the consequences of reactive compensation and harmonic mitigation considering the installation of non-linear loads. The dissertation was divided into topics, considering the revision of some power quality concepts, especially the harmonic distortion, its interpretation, features, impact on power system, limits of the electrical equipments under the distortions, modeling of loads, harmonic filter's types, and the mitigation of the harmonic disturbances to comply with national and international technical standards. Also is addressed in this work the expansion of an industrial facility considering the reactive compensation, harmonic distortions in the low-voltage until high-voltage substations, the project, construction and implementation of two tuned harmonic filters, to meet the national recommendations of the power factor and harmonic distortions. Finally, the simulation's results using the PTW32 software are compared with the field measurements before and after the installation of the two harmonic filters on the 11.9 kV busbar, proving that the mathematical models used in the software for the fundamental and harmonic load flow's simulation, in steady state, present satisfactory results, as well as validating the design of the tuned harmonic filter / Mestrado / Energia Eletrica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Orientadores: Ernesto Ruppert Filho; Marcelo Gradella Villalva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T00:11:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ota_JoaoInacioYutaka_M.pdf: 7717643 bytes, checksum: c0a1a3d8391b140cd3113fbbbc0106b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre filtro ativo de potência paralelo para sistema trifásico com quatro fios, discutindo técnicas de compensação e de controle de correntes. O estudo concentra-se no filtro ativo paralelo composto por um inversor do tipo fonte de tensão com quatro pernas. Com esta estrutura de conversor são realizados estudos e simulações em computador de estratégias de compensação de correntes harmônicas e de controle de correntes. São investigadas técnicas de controle repetitivo, ressonante e proporcional-integral. Os sistemas de controle de correntes são construídos com um algoritmo de modulação por largura de pulsos tridimensional com vetores espaciais, que é investigado em detalhes no trabalho / Abstract: This dissertation presents a study of three-phase four-wire shunt active power filter, discussing compensation and control currents techniques. The study focuses on the shunt active filter composed by a four-leg voltage source inverter. Using this converter structure studies about strategies for compensation of harmonic currents and current control are carried out through computer simulations. Repetitive, resonant and proportional-integral control techniques are investigated. The current control system is performed using an algorithm of three-dimensional space-vector pulse width modulation, which is investigated in detail in the work / Mestrado / Energia Eletrica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

L'objectif de la thèse est la conception d'une machine électrique dédiée à des applications Mild-Hybrid. En assurant certaines fonctionnalités, cette machine permet de réduire la consommation de carburant dans le véhicule et par conséquent réduire la quantité des gaz rejetés. Les contraintes exigées par un tel domaine à la fois pour le couple et la puissance nous amène à étudier les machines synchrone polyphasée à aimants avec un bobinage concentré autour des dents. Cette technologie de bobinage permet d'obtenir des machines de rendement élevé qui sont faciles à fabriquer, réparer et recycler, mais avec un certain niveau d'effets parasites. Afin de trouver un compromis entre ces effets et la capacité à fournir de couple, la thèse concerne l'étude des topologies de bobinage à pas dentaire avec différentes combinaisons Encoches/Pôles. Un modèle analytique constituant un outil permettant de comparer les pertes d'aimants entre les différentes combinaisons est développé. De nombreuses configurations sont comparées afin de faire le choix le plus adéquat pour minimiser les effets parasites. Les topologies rotoriques qui permettent à la machine de présenter une large plage de vitesse sont examinées, mais en tenant compte également de la nécessité de protéger leurs aimants contre des harmoniques nocifs de FMM. Enfin, l'exploitation du degré de liberté offert par une structure à 5 phases est abordée montrant que, le couple peut être significativement boosté en modifiant la structure de rotor. La cohérence de toutes les études analytiques menées dans la thèse est corroborée par des modèles en éléments finis et des mesures effectuées sur un prototype. / The aim of this thesis is to design an electrical machine dedicated for Mild-Hybrid applications. By providing certain functionalities, this machine can reduce fuel consumption in the vehicle and therefore reduce the amount of released gases. The challenges imposed by such application on both torque and power lead us to study the multiphase PM machines with concentrated windings. This windings technology provides efficient machines which are easy to manufacture, repair and recycle, but accompanied with a certain level of parasitic effects. In order to find a compromise between these effects and the ability to provide torque, the thesis concerns the study of winding topologies with different Slots/Poles combinations. An analytical model constituting a tool to compare magnet losses between various combinations is developed. Many configurations are compared in order to make the most appropriate choice which minimizes parasitic effects. The rotor topologies that allow the machine to provide a wide speed range are examined, taking into account their role in magnets protection against MMF harmful harmonics. Finally, the exploitation of freedom degree offered by a 5-phases structure is discussed, showing that the torque can be significantly boosted by modifying the rotor structure. The consistency of all analytical studies presented in the thesis is corroborated by finite element models and a prototype measurement.

Les effets non-linéaires produits par l'interaction entre une onde et une fissure fermée peuvent être un moyen potentiel pour la détection de ces fissures. Ce travail porte sur l'étude et l'analyse de la non-linéarité de contact générée par la propagation d'une onde à travers une fissure fermée. Notre approche repose sur la modélisation numérique par Eléments finis (EF) dont la résolution est effectuée dans le domaine temporel. La fissure est modélisée par une loi de contact unilatéral avec frottement de Coulomb. L'outil numérique mis en place est utilisé pour l'analyse de la méthode de génération d'harmoniques et sa relation avec la dynamique de contact. Le cas d'une interface de contact entre deux solides a permis d'estimer l'influence de l'état de contrainte sur le comportement non-linéaire, et a fait l'objet d'une validation expérimentale. La diffusion non-linéaire d'une fissure fermée orientée est ensuite obtenue en couplant la solution numérique à une méthode semi-analytique afin d'obtenir les diagrammes de directivité. Les mécanismes impliqués dans l'interaction onde - fissure sont mis en évidence. Ces résultats nous permettent ensuite d'appliquer la méthode du mixage d'ondes non-colinéaire, d'abord sur une interface de contact puis sur une fissure fermée. L'étude numérique et les premiers résultats expérimentaux démontrent le potentiel de la méthode en terme de détection, de caractérisation et d'imagerie. / The nonlinear effects produced by the interaction between a closed crack and an ultrasonic wave can be a good mean for the detection or thecharacterization of such cracks. This work is dedicated to the study and the analysis of the contact acoustic nonlinearity involved during the interaction of acoustic waves and closed cracks. Our approach is based on Finite Element (FE) modeling. The crack is modeled by unilateral contact with Coulomb's friction law, and numerical solutions are computed in the time domain. The numerical tool is used to analyze the method of higher harmonic generation and its relation with contact dynamics. First, the case of an interface between two solids in contact is considered, both numerically and experimentally, and it was shown that the nonlinear behavior depend on the state of stress. Then, nonlinear elastic scattering by a closed crack of various orientations was calculated. A hybrid model coupling FE and semi-analytical solutions was set up to compute the scattered field and to plot directivity diagrams. The nonlinear mechanisms involved in the interaction between a wave and a closed crack are highlighted. Using those results, the non-collinear mixing technique was applied for measuring the nonlinear response of a contact interface and a closed crack. The numerical results, as well as the first experimental results, are very promising for detecting, locating and imaging closed cracks.

The aim for this thesis is to develop a foundation for a compression system for animated mesh sequences, specifically under dynamic change of mesh geometry and topology. Compression of mesh sequences is of special interest in the game industry and this particular thesis is a part of an ongoing series of projects at EA DICE. One of the primary challenges when creating a mesh compression system is creating a matching bijective subset of the mesh surfaces between two subsequent frames in the animation to guide remeshing of the sequence. This thesis describes a method for producing a bijective set of matching mesh patches between two meshes along with an error metric that captures the quality of the matching in terms of shape similarity and distortion. Theory of mathematical topology and tensor algebra used in methods for high performance scientific digital 3D-image recognition are here adopted to extract similar local features between meshes. Techniques for creating parametrizations of mesh patches are combined with techniques for matching point clouds and deforming mesh geometry under energy minimization in order to produce a matching set of patches. The presented algorithm successfully creates bijective sets of matched patches for subsequent meshes in a sequence as well as measures the error for the matchings. Results show an average matching set size of approximately 25% of the mesh areas over a sequence of meshes. This suggests that the data size of such a sequence could potentially be reduced by 25%.

Syftet med mitt arbete är att ta reda på och förklara vad fingerstyle respektive modern fingerstyle är. Jag gjorde det genom att analysera och spela utvald musik från genren modern fingerstyle. Efter analysen komponerade jag en låt med flera speltekniska komponenter som jag anser definierar genren modern fingerstyle. Jag kom under arbetes gång underfund med att fingerstyle är en gitarrteknik som beskriver ett sätt man spelar gitarr på. Modern fingerstyle beskriver en genre där speciella tekniker och ett progressivt sound har en central roll. Jag lärde mig flera moderna tekniker som var helt okända för mig innan arbetets start. Jag lärde mig också att skriva en låt på ett snabbare sätt än jag är van vid, eftersom jag redan innan komponeringsstarten bestämde vissa parametrar som skulle vara med i låten. Mitt arbete kan ge utökad information till den som vill veta vad fingerstyle och modern fingerstyle är.

L'objectif de ce travail est la caractérisation de l’endommagement thermique et mécanique dans le mortier par les ondes acoustiques non linéaires. La corrélation entre les paramètres acoustiques linéaires et non-linéaires étudiée est basée sur les essais expérimentaux et la modélisation. Pour l’endommagement thermique, des éprouvettes cylindriques ont été préparées et caractérisées par l'étude de la porosité et la saturation. Ensuite, l'acoustique linéaire et l’acoustique non linéaire (génération d'harmoniques) ont été appliquées afin de quantifier l’endommagement. Les essais acoustiques linéaires ont prouvé que les vitesses transversales, longitudinales et le module d'Young du mortier diminue en fonction de la température. Les essais acoustiques non linéaires ont montré l'augmentation du bêta fonction de la température. Pour l’endommagement mécanique, le phénomène d'autocicatrisation est suivi par la perméabilité et les essais acoustiques. Les essais de perméabilité ont montré que le débit d'air et la taille de la fissure diminue rapidement au cours du premier mois, puis lentement durant le reste du processus d'autocicatrisation. D'autre part, les tests acoustiques non linéaires ont montré que « alpha » et « bêta » diminuent durant le processus de l’autocicatrisation qui signifie que les paramètres non linéaires sont un bon indicateur pour caractériser ce phénomène. A partir des résultats expérimentaux, une corrélation polynomiale de 2ème degré a été établie entre les paramètres non linéaires et l’index d’endommagement. Les résultats de ce travail représentent un bon départ pour étudier le phénomène de l'autocicatrisation par les ondes acoustiques non linéaires / The objective of this work is the characterization of heat and mechanical damage in the mortar by the nonlinear acoustic waves. The correlation between non-linear/linear acoustic parameters and damage in mortar is studied based on experiments and modelling. For the heat damage, cylindrical specimens were prepared and were characterized by studying the porosity and saturation. Indeed, the linear acoustic (UPV) and non-linear acoustic (Higher harmonic generation) were applied to characterize the damage. The linear acoustic tests have shown that velocities and modulus of Young of the mortar decreases in function of the temperature. The non-linear acoustic tests have shown that beta increases in function of the temperature.For the mechanical damage. The self-healing phenomenon was characterized by the permeability and the acoustic tests. Indeed, the permeability tests have shown that the airflow and the crack size decreases quickly in the first month then slowly for the rest of the self-healing process. On the other hand, the non-linear acoustic tests shown that the alpha and beta decreases according to the self healing process which means that the nonlinear parameters are a good indicators to characterize the self-healing. Moreover, the analysis of the experimental results indicates that the frequency resonant technique is more efficient to characterize the defects in the mortar than the higher harmonic generation. A polynomial correlations of a 2nd degree was established between the nonlinear parameters and the index damage. The findings of this work should be most appropriate as a foundation for the study of the self healing by the nonlinear acoustic waves

Alors que le rendu réaliste gagne de l’ampleur dans l’industrie, les techniques à la fois photoréalistes et basées sur la physique, complexes en terme de temps de calcul, requièrent souvent une étape de précalcul hors-ligne. Les applications en temps réel, comme les jeux vidéo et la réalité virtuelle, se basent sur des techniques d’approximation et de précalcul pour atteindre des résultats réalistes. L’objectif de ce mémoire est l’investigation de différentes paramétrisations animées pour concevoir une technique d’approximation de rendu réaliste en temps réel. Notre investigation se concentre sur le rendu d’effets visuels appliqués à des personnages animés par modèle d’armature squelettique. Des paramétrisations combinant des données de mouvement et d’apparence nous permettent l’extraction de paramètres pour le processus en temps réel. Établir une dépendance linéaire entre le mouvement et l’apparence est ainsi au coeur de notre méthode. Nous nous concentrons sur l’occultation ambiante, où la simulation de l’occultation est causée par des objets à proximité bloquant la lumière environnante, jugée uniforme. L’occultation ambiante est une technique indépendante du point de vue, et elle est désormais essentielle pour le réalisme en temps réel. Nous examinons plusieurs paramétrisations qui traitent l’espace du maillage en fonction de l’information d’animation par squelette et/ou du maillage géométrique. Nous sommes capables d’approximer la réalité pour l’occultation ambiante avec une faible erreur. Notre technique pourrait également être étendue à d’autres effets visuels tels le rendu de la peau humaine (diffusion sous-surface), les changements de couleur dépendant du point de vue, les déformations musculaires, la fourrure ou encore les vêtements. / While realistic rendering gains more popularity in industry, photorealistic and physically- based techniques often necessitate offline processing due to their computational complexity. Real-time applications, such as video games and virtual reality, rely mostly on approximation and precomputation techniques to achieve realistic results. The objective of this thesis is to investigate different animated parameterizations in order to devise a technique that can approximate realistic rendering results in real time. Our investigation focuses on rendering visual effects applied to skinned skeletonbased characters. Combined parameterizations of motion and appearance data are used to extract parameters that can be used in a real-time approximation. Trying to establish a linear dependency between motion and appearance is the basis of our method. We focus on ambient occlusion, a simulation of shadowing caused by objects that block ambient light. Ambient occlusion is a view-independent technique important for realism. We consider different parameterization techniques that treat the mesh space depending on skeletal animation information and/or mesh geometry. We are able to approximate ground-truth ambient occlusion with low error. Our technique can also be extended to different visual effects, such as rendering human skin (subsurface scattering), changes in color due to the view orientation, deformation of muscles, fur, or clothes

This thesis addresses a number of problems in computer vision, image processing, and geometry processing, and presents novel solutions to these problems. The overarching theme of the techniques presented here is a multi-scale approach, leveraging mathematical tools to represent images and surfaces at different scales, and methods that can be adapted from one type of domain (eg., the plane) to another (eg., the sphere). The main problem addressed in this thesis is known as stereo reconstruction: reconstructing the geometry of a scene or object from two or more images of that scene. We develop novel algorithms to do this, which work for both planar and spherical images. By developing a novel way to formulate the notion of disparity for spherical images, we are able effectively adapt our algorithms from planar to spherical images. Our stereo reconstruction algorithm is based on a novel application of distance transforms to multi-scale matching. We use matching information aggregated over multiple scales, and enforce consistency between these scales using distance transforms. We then show how multiple spherical disparity maps can be efficiently and robustly fused using visibility and other geometric constraints. We then show how the reconstructed point clouds can be used to synthesize a realistic sequence of novel views, images from points of view not captured in the input images, in real-time. Along the way to this result, we address some related problems. For example, multi-scale features can be detected in spherical images by convolving those images with a filterbank, generating an overcomplete spherical wavelet representation of the image from which the multiscale features can be extracted. Convolution of spherical images is much more efficient in the spherical harmonic domain than in the spatial domain. Thus, we develop a GPU implementation for fast spherical harmonic transforms and frequency domain convolutions of spherical images. This tool can also be used to detect multi-scale features on geometric surfaces. When we have a point cloud of a surface of a particular class of object, whether generated by stereo reconstruction or by some other modality, we can use statistics and machine learning to more robustly estimate the surface. If we have at our disposal a database of surfaces of a particular type of object, such as the human face, we can compute statistics over this database to constrain the possible shape a new surface of this type can take. We show how a statistical spherical wavelet shape prior can be used to efficiently and robustly reconstruct a face shape from noisy point cloud data, including stereo data.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2015-12-16T12:34:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 andredinizdeoliveira.pdf: 3666386 bytes, checksum: 0179545867fe6173fdae7f0b67dff2d3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2015-12-16T15:15:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 andredinizdeoliveira.pdf: 3666386 bytes, checksum: 0179545867fe6173fdae7f0b67dff2d3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-16T15:15:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 andredinizdeoliveira.pdf: 3666386 bytes, checksum: 0179545867fe6173fdae7f0b67dff2d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-27 / Esta tese propõe dois métodos de estimação fasorial do componente fundamental. O pri-meiro estima o fasor na presença de componentes harmônicos, decaimento CC exponen-cial e ruído. O segundo estima o fasor na presença de componentes harmônicos, inter-harmônicos, inter-harmônicos variantes no tempo, decaimento CC exponencial e ruído. Todos os componentes de sinais utilizados são modelados e, para facilitar o entendimento dos métodos que serão propostos, os componentes são divididos em dois grupos: compo-nentes gerais e componentes extras. Alguns algoritmos de estimação existentes na litera-tura são estudados e dois são escolhidos para compor as proposições: DFT com suas va-riações e métodos de subespaços. O primeiro método sintetiza e implementa uma janela seguida da aplicação de uma DTFT para eliminar os componentes fundamental e harmô-nicos do sinal. O resultado é utilizado para estimar a influência do decaimento CC expo-nencial no componente fundamental. Esta influência é subtraída de uma estimação faso-rial via DFT para obter o componente fundamental correto. O segundo método utiliza esta mesma estrutura, entretanto insere um método de subespaço para calcular a frequência e constante de tempo dos componentes extras. Essa união cria um algoritmo distinto dos encontrados na literatura e nomeado de DTFT ESPRIT. A partir da possibilidade dos novos cálculos, o método consegue estimar o componente fundamental na presença de inter-harmônicos e inter-harmônicos variantes no tempo, além de harmônicos, decai-mento CC exponencial e ruído. / This thesis proposes two methods to estimate the phasor of the fundamental frequency component. The first one estimates the phasor in the presence of harmonic, decaying DC, and noise. The second one estimates the phasor in the presence of harmonics, inter-har-monics, time-varying inter-harmonics, decaying DC, and noise. All the signal compo-nents to be used are modeled and divided in two groups (general components and extra componentes) to better understand the proposed methods. The existing estimation algo-rithms in the literature are studied and described. Two algorithms are chosen as part of the new propositions: DFT and its variations and subspaces methods. The first method synthesizes and implements a DTFT window to eliminate the fundamental frequency and harmonic components of the signal. The result is used to estimate the influence of the decaying DC in the fundamental frequency component. This influence is subtracted from a phasor estimation via DFT in order to get the correct fundamental component. The second method has the same structure, however uses a subspace method for computing the frequency and time constant of the extra components. This combination creates a new algorithm named DTFT ESPRIT. From the new variable computing, the method is able to estimate the fundamental frequency component in the presence of different types of components as well as harmonics, decaying DC, and noise: inter-harmonics and time-varying inter-harmonics.