No description available.

Headwater streams change in wet length in response to storm events and seasonal moisture conditions. These low-order channels with temporary flow are pervasive across arid and humid environments yet receive little attention in comparison to perennial waterways. This dissertation examines headwater stream length dynamics at multiple spatial and temporal scales across the Appalachians. I mapped wet stream length in four Appalachian physiographic provinces--the Appalachian Plateau, Blue Ridge, New England, and Valley and Ridge--to characterize seasonal expansion and contraction of the wet network at a broad, regional scale. Conversely, most existing field studies of stream length in headwaters are limited to a single study area or geographic setting. Field mappings showed that wet stream length varies widely within the Appalachians; network dynamics correlated with regional geology as well as local site lithology, geologic structure, and the depth, size, and spatial distribution of surficial sediment deposits. I used the field data to create logistic regression models of the wet network in each physiographic province at high and low runoffs. Topographic metrics derived from elevation data were able to explain the discontinuous pattern of headwater streams at different flow conditions with high classification accuracy. Finally, I used flow intermittency sensors in a single Valley and Ridge catchment to record channel wetting and drying at a high temporal resolution. The sensors indicated stream length hysteresis during storms with low antecedent moisture, with a higher wet network proportion on the rising limb than on the falling limb of events. As a result, maximum network extension can precede peak runoff by minutes to hours. Accurate maps of headwater streams and an understanding of wet network dynamics through time are invaluable for applications surrounding watershed management and environmental policy. These findings will contribute to the burgeoning research on temporary streams and are additionally relevant for studies of runoff generation, biogeochemical cycling, and mass fluxes of material from headwaters. / Ph. D.

Water security requires that sufficient quantities of water be available at critical times. This is particularly challenging for high-intensity urban and agricultural settings. In underdeveloped nations, streamflow is commonly the preferred water source, as it is readily available and delivered cost-free to users. Yet, the sources of these critical streamflows are often unknown. This issue is salient in the Northern Andes, where basic knowledge of controlling factors for the quantity, quality, and timing of runoff is lacking. High-elevation headwaters are the primary catchment areas in the Northern Andes, but the extent of water providing to municipalities in the Northern Andes is unknown. In this study, the contribution of water derived from the upper watershed to the streamflow in the Tulúa River which supplies water to 200,000 people in the city of Tulúa was quantified. The river runs 72 km through urban, agricultural, and industrial land use in the Central Cordillera of the Colombian Andes. We collected 32 and 34 water samples in August and November, respectively. The water samples were representative of high-elevation headwaters runoff, shallow groundwater discharge, and streamflow throughout the watershed. Samples were analyzed for dissolved constituents and stable isotopes. The dissolved constituents were used in mass-balance mixing models to identify the source of streamflow in the lower watershed of the Tulúa River, where it the river supports a large municipality. Results indicate that approximately 50% surface runoff largely originates as high-elevation headwater runoff, including high-elevation settings where páramos dominate the land cover. These findings underscore the need for source-water protection efforts in the upper watershed, including the páramos. This project serves as a model for other páramo derived watersheds, where source-water protection is a critical challenge.

High concentrations and fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in fluvial systems are associated with the dark brown water colour familiar in many upland, peat-dominated areas and may indicate a depletion of the terrestrial carbon store. The removal of this colour can also be problematic and expensive for water companies as well as affecting the ecological functioning of the water body through factors such as reduced light penetration through the water column. Disturbance resulting from activities such as land use change can also enhance the loss of carbon and this may manifest itself in elevated concentrations and fluxes of DOC from aquatic systems. This thesis describes and explains patterns of change in DOC quantity and quality from the Crosswater, Crosswater of Luce and Tig catchments draining Arecleoch Forest, a peatland in south Ayrshire, Scotland, from 2008 to 2010. This time period incorporates the installation of a 60-turbine wind farm built and operated by Scottish Power Renewables (SPR). Water samples were collected from Arecleoch at different spatial scales ranging from catchments to soil pore water and temporal scales ranging from daily to seasonally. Concentrations of DOC were measured and fluxes estimated at the catchment scale. DOC concentrations from all three catchments exhibited the well-established seasonal pattern with maxima in late August/early September and minima seen in February/March. The Tig catchment experienced the greatest burden of disturbance from the wind farm development and returned the highest DOC concentrations and fluxes. The Crosswater catchment, used as a control site due to its isolation from wind farm activities, had higher DOC concentrations than the Crosswater of Luce throughout the monitoring period possibly due to a greater proportion of forest cover. ii DOC flux ranged from 35.0 g C m-2 yr-1 from the Crosswater of Luce catchment in 2008 to 55.0 g C m-2 yr-1 from the Crosswater in 2009. The Tig catchment was not monitored for the whole period but returned the highest DOC fluxes of the three catchments between January and June 2010 (15.7 g C m-2). These values are considered high for UK peatlands. It is possible to make a tentative estimate of an extra 12 g C m-2 being exported from the Crosswater of Luce in 2009 that may have been a result of wind farm and/or forestry activities in the catchment. At the sub-catchment scale, “hot spots” of high DOC concentrations (up to 113.4 mg L-1) were found during the final survey of headwater streams inside the development area of the wind farm site during construction in August 2010. Further surveys are recommended to assess whether DOC concentrations have decreased since completion of the wind farm. Daily water samples were collected upstream and downstream of turbine 33 during the excavation of the turbine base. DOC concentrations were higher downstream before work began on the turbine base and although the gap between upstream and downstream DOC concentrations increased over the monitoring period, statistical comparisons of these differences before and after the start of excavation work were not significant at the 95 % confidence level. Challenges arose from the practicability of conducting robust research on a construction site and novel approaches to monitoring DOC were developed. Activity scores were used to quantify the effect of peatland disturbance on DOC concentrations at the catchment scale. The results suggest that this approach may have merit but requires comprehensive site records from the developer. The non-linear nature of the individual wind farm development and forestry activities made it impractical to disentangle the impact of each, particularly for forest harvesting. iii Activity scores could, together with other information gathered from site records, be useful to developers as an indicator of the most likely periods for peat disturbance. Knowledge of the differing disturbance potential of the various activities could also provide useful information to feed into the carbon payback calculator. DOC quality was explored using ultraviolet (UV) absorbance, specific UV absorbance (SUVA) and E4/E6 ratios. The latter metric identified changes in the composition of DOC related to disturbance with water samples from areas draining land subject to disturbance having lower E4/E6 ratios indicating a greater degree of humification of the DOC. This research provides one of only three studies to investigate concentrations and fluxes of DOC in water courses draining land subject to disturbance relating to wind farm construction. It is the only study that incorporates a period of time prior to work beginning and takes in the whole of the development phase. In this respect it provides a valuable addition to our understanding of the way in which peatlands respond to land use change and may provide useful tools to assist developers in minimising the impact of their activities on these valuable carbon stores.

Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-06-18T19:43:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Mauricio_Fornalski.pdf: 2690628 bytes, checksum: e2befdb01ae8864fb80bc95757c1f588 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-06-18T19:47:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Mauricio_Fornalski.pdf: 2690628 bytes, checksum: e2befdb01ae8864fb80bc95757c1f588 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-18T19:47:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Mauricio_Fornalski.pdf: 2690628 bytes, checksum: e2befdb01ae8864fb80bc95757c1f588 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / A demanda da população por água é reconhecidamente um fator ligado a qualidade de vida e pode ser um indicativo de desenvolvimento econômico e social de uma determinada região. O Brasil, a exemplo de outros países em desenvolvimento, apresenta escassez em informações ligadas aos recursos hídricos, embora possua um vasto potencial hidrológico na maior parte do seu território. Neste contexto, a compreensão da dinâmica da água no solo é fundamental no estudo de bacias hidrográficas destacando-se principalmente pela influência em variáveis hidrológicas e hidrossedimentológicas. O monitoramento da umidade do solo em bacias hidrográficas apresenta alta complexidade devido principalmente a sua variabilidade espacial e temporal. Os atributos físico-hídricos fornecem informações importantes para diversas áreas do conhecimento como a estimativa da suscetibilidade do solo à erosão, modelagem hidrológica, projetos de irrigação, etc. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar nove atributos físico-hídricos e o carbono orgânico do solo visando avaliar a variabilidade espacial inerente à heterogeneidade fisiográfica da paisagem em uma bacia hidrográfica e validar a hipótese intrínseca da geoestatística. O estudo foi conduzido em uma sub-bacia hidrográfica do Arroio Pelotas denominada de Bacia Hidrográfica da Sanga Ellert (BHSE), localizada no município de Canguçu. A bacia possui área de aproximadamente 70ha e a altitude varia de 310,9 a 419,4 metros. As áreas estudadas compreendem basicamente uma classe de solos, os Neossolos. A estatística descritiva e a geoestatística foram utilizadas para se determinar a magnitude e a variabilidade espacial do carbono orgânico e dos seguintes atributos físico-hídricos do solo: Areia, argila, densidade do solo, porosidade total, macroporosidade, microporosidade, capacidade de campo, ponto de murcha permanente e condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado . A análise exploratória dos dados demonstrou ausência de normalidade para a maior parte das variáveis, exceto para o teor de areia, microporosidade e umidade na capacidade de campo. No campo da estatística clássica ainda podemos salientar correlações esperadas para estes atributos demonstradas pela matriz Correlação de Pearson, como para o teor de areia e a capacidade de campo; teor de argila e ponto de murcha permanente; Condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado com a densidade do solo e macroporosidade; e a microporosidade com a capacidade de campo. Para todos os atributos que apresentaram séries não normais foi empregado o estimador robusto de Cressie e Hawkins para a construção dos semivariogramas bem como para os atributos areia e capacidade de campo, que apresentaram outliers em suas séries de dados. Apenas para o atributo microporosidade foi empregado o estimador clássico de Matheron. Os resultados demonstraram que, exceto para os atributos físico-hídricos areia e argila, os demais atributos avaliados no presente trabalho demonstraram continuidade espacial e que a partir da malha amostral proposta foi possível identificar esta condição, bem com realizar a interpolação dos dados empregando a técnica da krigagem ordinária. / The population's demand for water is admittedly a factor linked to the quality of life and can be indicative of the economic and social development of a given region. Brazil, like other developing countries, has a shortage of information related to water resources, although it has a vast hydrological potential in most of its territory. In this context, the understanding of soil water dynamics is fundamental in the study of hydrographic basins, emphasizing mainly the influence on hydrological and hydrosedimentological variables. The monitoring of soil moisture in watersheds presents high complexity due mainly to its spatial and temporal variability. Soil hydro-physical attributes provide important information for several areas of knowledge, such as the estimation of soil susceptibility to erosion, hydrological modeling, irrigation projects, etc. The objective of this work was to characterize ten soil hydro-physical attributes in order to evaluate the spatial variability inherent to the physiographic heterogeneity of the landscape in a hydrographic basin and to validate the intrinsic hypothesis of geostatistics. The study was conducted in a sub-basin of Arroio Pelotas called the Sanga Ellert Basin (BHSE), located in the municipality of Canguçu. The basin has an area of approximately 70ha and the altitude varies from 310.9 to 419.4 meters. The studied areas basically comprise a class of soils, the Neosols. Descriptive statistics and geostatistics were used to determine the magnitude and spatial variability of the following soil physical-water attributes: Sand, clay, soil density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, field capacity, permanent wilting point and saturated soil hydraulic conductivity and also to soil organic carbon,. The exploratory analysis of the data showed non-normality for most of the variables, except for the sand content, microporosity and field capacity. Falling on of classical statistics we can still emphasize expected correlations for these attributes demonstrated by the Pearson coefficient, as for the sand content and the field capacity; clay content and permanent wilting point; saturated soil hydraulic conductivity with soil density and macroporosity; and microporosity with field capacity. For all the attributes that presented non-normal series, the robust estimator of Cressie and Hawkins was used for the construction of semivariograms as well as for the attributes sand and field capacity, which presented outliers in their data. Only for the microporosity the Matheron's classical estimator has been used. The results showed that, except for the hydro-physical attributes sand and clay content, the other attributes evaluated in the present study demonstrated spatial continuity and that from the proposed sampling grid is possible to identify this condition, as well as to perform the data interpolation using the ordinary kriging technique.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T14:44:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Laurinda J Ribeiro.pdf: 7339759 bytes, checksum: 929ac7daf258cd7f2c256512cb311419 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-27 / This work is the result of a survey conducted in the city of Catalão (GO) on urban expansion and the environment. We tried to identify the environmental problems of the expansion process of the city on the Ribeirão Pirapitinga. Through empirical research, information was obtained that allowed us to verify the quality of the environment found in Ribeirão Pirapitinga. The results show that the set of springs that form the Ribeirão Pirapitinga, have changed over the historical process. From the socio and economic standpoint, it became evident that the city expands in a dynamic and fast way. The work is divided into five chapters. The first deals with the production of urban space, contemplating the literature review. The second chapter deals with the process of urbanization and the environmental impacts caused by it and the main environmental problems caused by urbanization in Brazilian cities, especially related to water resources. The third is an economic, political, social and environmental analysis of Catalão, also addressing origin, territorial organization and urban population dynamics and spatial distribution in the periods 1956-1969, 1970-1985 and 1986-2011. The fourth chapter deals with an empirical survey of Ribeirão Pirapitinga, considering the historical, economic and social development. It is evident the environmental problems caused by the urbanization process in the set of springs that make up the Ribeirão Pirapitinga. In the last chapter the following conclusions and proposed recommendations. / Este trabalho é o resultado de uma pesquisa realizada na cidade de Catalão (GO) sobre a expansão urbana e o meio ambiente. Buscou-se identificar os problemas ambientais decorrentes do processo de expansão da cidade sobre o Ribeirão Pirapitinga. Através da pesquisa empírica foram obtidas informações que permitiram verificar a qualidade do ambiente encontrado no Ribeirão Pirapitinga. Os resultados demonstram que o conjunto de nascentes que formam o Ribeirão Piratinga, foram alteradas ao longo do processo histórico. Do ponto de vista socioespacial e econômico, ficou evidente que a cidade expande de forma dinâmica e acelerada. O trabalho está dividido em cinco capítulos. O primeiro trata da produção do espaço urbano, contemplando a análise da literatura. O segundo capítulo trata do processo de urbanização e dos impactos ambientais por ele causados e dos principais problemas ambientais provocados pela urbanização em cidades brasileira, principalmente ligados aos recursos hídricos. O terceiro faz uma análise dos aspectos econômicos, políticos, sociais e ambientais de Catalão, abordando também origem, organização territorial e urbana, dinâmica demográfica e distribuição espacial nos períodos de 1956 a 1969, 1970 a 1985 e 1986 a 2011. O quarto capítulo trata de uma pesquisa empírica sobre Ribeirão Pirapitinga, considerando os aspectos histórico, econômico e social. Fica evidente os problemas ambientais causados pelo processo de urbanização no conjunto de nascente que formam o Ribeirão Pirapitinga. No último capítulo seguem as considerações finais e recomendações propostas.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-04-11T20:48:07Z No. of bitstreams: 5 Dissertação - Wesley da Silva Belizário - 2015 - Parte 1.pdf: 20170707 bytes, checksum: 18ed9a0a2a6bc9018810ab499df1e59e (MD5) Dissertação - Wesley da Silva Belizário - 2015 - Parte 2.pdf: 20333477 bytes, checksum: 7a0cfdf1b457ad2a41243662271a7fcc (MD5) Dissertação - Wesley da Silva Belizário - 2015 - Parte 3.pdf: 18808347 bytes, checksum: 8b7058ca5916d57c17296b49842021e0 (MD5) Dissertação - Wesley da Silva Belizário - 2015 - Parte 4.pdf: 10334335 bytes, checksum: da6b4312064471fc84e68aa54c95976c (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-04-15T15:34:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 Dissertação - Wesley da Silva Belizário - 2015 - Parte 1.pdf: 20170707 bytes, checksum: 18ed9a0a2a6bc9018810ab499df1e59e (MD5) Dissertação - Wesley da Silva Belizário - 2015 - Parte 2.pdf: 20333477 bytes, checksum: 7a0cfdf1b457ad2a41243662271a7fcc (MD5) Dissertação - Wesley da Silva Belizário - 2015 - Parte 3.pdf: 18808347 bytes, checksum: 8b7058ca5916d57c17296b49842021e0 (MD5) Dissertação - Wesley da Silva Belizário - 2015 - Parte 4.pdf: 10334335 bytes, checksum: da6b4312064471fc84e68aa54c95976c (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-15T15:34:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 Dissertação - Wesley da Silva Belizário - 2015 - Parte 1.pdf: 20170707 bytes, checksum: 18ed9a0a2a6bc9018810ab499df1e59e (MD5) Dissertação - Wesley da Silva Belizário - 2015 - Parte 2.pdf: 20333477 bytes, checksum: 7a0cfdf1b457ad2a41243662271a7fcc (MD5) Dissertação - Wesley da Silva Belizário - 2015 - Parte 3.pdf: 18808347 bytes, checksum: 8b7058ca5916d57c17296b49842021e0 (MD5) Dissertação - Wesley da Silva Belizário - 2015 - Parte 4.pdf: 10334335 bytes, checksum: da6b4312064471fc84e68aa54c95976c (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-17 / The urban dynamics combined with the rapid growth of cities, in many cases poorly planned, generates a range of social and environmental problems that end up negatively impact natural systems and counterproductive way to affect water resources. Therefore, this research was developed that aimed to analyze the environmental condition of watersheds in urban areas, having as object specific the watersheds of streams Almeida and Santa Rita in Aparecida de Goiânia/GO. To achieve the goal were followed four basic steps, namely (1) the analysis of the environmental quality of springs, (2) environmental analysis of river basins, (3) the analysis of the environmental condition of critical parts of basins and (4) the physicochemical and microbiological analysis of water from river basins. To analyze the environmental quality of the springs was developed and implemented a Rapid Assessment Protocol, where were established some parameters for checking the quality of the springs as water color, odor, waste, floating materials, foams, oils, the sewer, the preservation of vegetation use by animals, for human use, site protection, the proximity to residences or establishments and type of each spring insertion area. It was found that among the sources analyzed only 33% have positive environmental quality and 67% of springs suffer from impacts that compromise their systems. In environmental analysis they were identified the most intense environmental impacts as siltation, erosion, pollution and contamination of soil and water by solid waste and liquid resulting from domestic and industrial sources, and other processes which lead to degradation of the environment. To assess the environmental condition of the water body eight were selected excerpts and it was developed and implemented a Rapid Assessment Protocol composed by analysis of parameters such as the type of occupation of the banks of the water body, erosions nearby and/or the banks, silting up of the bed, anthropogenic change, vegetation cover on the bed, the smell of water, water oiliness, water transparency, the odor of the sediment (background), the oiliness of the fund, the fund type, the type of bottom habitats, types of substrate, the deposition of mud, changes in the river channel, the characteristics of the water flows, the presence of riparian vegetation, the stability of margins, riparian forest extension, presence of aquatic plants and the extent and frequency of rapids. In this analysis, only two stretches had good environmental condition, being considered preserved environments. For physical-chemical analysis of water quality were chosen three sampling points: one in the stream basin Almeida (point 1), another in the creek watershed Santa Rita (point 2) and the third at the meeting of the two basins (point 3). This analysis considered the following parameters: turbidity, color, pH, iron, hardness, chloride, alkalinity, oxygen consumption, CO2 free, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. From these, we found the level of pollution and water contamination, and the basin of the stream Almeida possessing more polluted and contaminated water and the basin of the stream Santa Rita with the highest level of quality water. It was also made microbiological analysis of water in the same spots. In all of them the count of heterotrophic bacteria, the amount of total coliforms and E. coli exceeded the limit allowed by law. Thus, from these four steps we believe we have developed a survey that can bring to light the problems environmental existing in urban watersheds of the municipality and thus provide subsidies for the construction of social and environmental policies in Aparecida de Goiânia/GO, given that that these problems permeate also the breakdown of social structures. Similarly, we consider relevant the contribution of this work to new academic researches in watersheds situated in urban areas. / A dinâmica urbana aliada ao rápido crescimento das cidades, em muitos casos mal planejado, gera uma série de problemas sociais e ambientais que terminam por impactar negativamente os sistemas naturais e afetar de forma contraproducente os recursos hídricos. Diante disso, foi desenvolvida esta pesquisa que teve como objetivo analisar a situação ambiental de bacias hidrográficas em espaços urbanos, tendo como objeto específico as bacias hidrográficas dos córregos Almeida e Santa Rita em Aparecida de Goiânia/GO. Para alcançar o objetivo foram seguidos quatro passos fundamentais, a saber: (1) análise da qualidade ambiental das nascentes, (2) identificação dos impactos ambientais existentes nessas bacias de drenagem, (3) análise da condição ambiental do corpo hídrico, e (4) análise físico-química e microbiológica da água das bacias hidrográficas. Para a análise da qualidade ambiental das nascentes foi elaborado e aplicado um Protocolo de Avaliação Rápida, onde foram estabelecidos alguns parâmetros para verificação da qualidade das nascentes como: cor da água, odor, presença de lixo e materiais flutuantes, existência de espumas ou óleos na água, esgoto, preservação da vegetação, uso por animais, uso por humanos, proteção do local, proximidade com residências ou estabelecimentos e tipo de área de inserção de cada nascente. Foi constatado que, dentre as nascentes analisadas, somente 33% tem qualidade ambiental positiva, e 67% das nascentes sofrem com impactos que comprometem, de forma significativa, seus sistemas. Na análise ambiental foram identificados os impactos ambientais mais expressivos como: assoreamento, erosões, poluição e contaminação do solo e da água por resíduos sólidos e líquidos, decorrentes de fontes domésticas e industriais, além de outros processos que levam à degradação do meio. Para a avaliação da condição ambiental do corpo hídrico foram selecionados oito trechos e elaborado e aplicado um Protocolo de Avaliação Rápida composto por parâmetros de análise como: tipo de ocupação das margens, erosões próximas e/ou nas margens, assoreamento do leito, alterações antrópicas, cobertura vegetal no leito, odor da água, oleosidade da água, transparência da água, odor do sedimento do fundo, oleosidade do fundo, tipo de fundo, tipo de habitats do fundo, tipos de substrato, deposição de lama, alterações no canal do rio, características dos fluxos das águas, presença de mata ciliar, estabilidade das margens, extensão de mata ciliar, presença de plantas aquáticas e extensão/frequência dos rápidos. Nesta análise, somente dois trechos tinham condição ambiental boa, sendo considerados ambientes preservados. Para análise físico-química da qualidade da água foram escolhidos três pontos de amostragem: um na bacia do córrego Almeida (ponto 1), outro na bacia do córrego Santa Rita (ponto 2) e o terceiro na confluência das duas bacias de drenagem (ponto 3). Esta análise considerou os seguintes parâmetros: turbidez, cor, pH, ferro, dureza, cloretos, alcalinidade, oxigênio consumido, CO2 livre, condutividade elétrica e sólidos totais dissolvidos. A partir destes, foi possível verificar o nível de poluição e contaminação da água, sendo a bacia do córrego Almeida possuidora de águas mais poluídas e contaminadas e a bacia do córrego Santa Rita com águas de maior nível de qualidade. Foi também feita análise microbiológica da água nos mesmos pontos. Em todos eles a contagem de bactérias heterotróficas, a quantidade de coliformes totais e Escherichia Coli ultrapassou o limite permitido pela legislação. A partir dessas quatro etapas acreditamos ter desenvolvido uma pesquisa que possa trazer à tona os problemas ambientais existentes nas bacias hidrográficas urbanas do município e, assim, fornecer subsídios para a construção de políticas socioambientais em Aparecida de Goiânia/GO, tendo em vista que estes problemas perpassam, também, pelo desarranjo das estruturas sociais. Da mesma forma, consideramos relevante a contribuição deste trabalho para novas pesquisas acadêmicas em bacias hidrográficas situadas em áreas citadinas.

Human activity such as surface mining can have substantial impacts on the natural environment. Performing a Cumulative Hydrologic Impact Assessment (CHIA) of such impacts on surface water systems requires knowing the location and extent of these impacted streams. The Jurisdictional Determination (JD) of a stream’s protected status under the Clean Water Act (CWA) involves locating and classifying streams according to their flow regime: ephemeral, intermittent, or perennial. Due to their often remote locations and small size, taking a field inventory of headwater streams for surface mining permit applications or permit reviews is challenging. A means of estimating headwater stream location and extent, according to flow regime using publicly available spatial data, would assist in performing CHIAs and JDs. Using headwater point-of-origin data collected from Robinson Forest in eastern Kentucky along with data from three JDs obtained via a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), headwater streams in the Appalachian Coal Belt were characterized according to a set of spatial parameters. These characteristics were extrapolated using GIS to delineate headwater streams over a larger area, and the results were compared to the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:54:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 celeste_m_me_fran.pdf: 1557933 bytes, checksum: b66a41904242fa2080853afe0a1e22c2 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A ocupação da região das Cabeceiras do Rio Pardo – atualmente correspondente às cidades paulistas de Caconde, São José do Rio Pardo, São Sebastião da Grama, Tapiratiba e Divinolândia – teve seu povoamento iniciado em 1765, ano em que o governador de São Paulo, Luis Antonio de Sousa Botelho Mourão, o Morgado de Mateus, enviou uma diligência com o intuito de pesquisar o ouro que ali havia e garantir a posse da região. Concomitantemente, deu-se um deslocamento populacional para essa área em busca das catas de ouro e de terras para o plantio. Nesse movimento, estabeleceu-se o povoado de N. S. da Conceição do Rio Pardo, que em 1775 foi elevado a freguesia. Esse núcleo populacional correspondeu aos limites da Vila de Caconde (SP) que, no início do século XIX, centralizou os bairros rurais surgidos nas suas proximidades. A integração desse espaço ao território paulista foi acelerada pela expansão da agricultura de exportação na região paulista conhecida como quadrilátero da cana. Transformação essa que se dera no final do século XVIII, possibilitada pela economia de abastecimento interno desenvolvida em algumas regiões de São Paulo, a partir do século XVII. O surgimento de práticas agrícolas voltadas ao mercado internacional ocorreu, sobretudo no período pombalino e no governo de Morgado de Mateus. Quando D. José I assumiu o trono de Portugal, uma série de medidas foram tomadas com o objetivo de que o país alcançasse a riqueza de nações como a Inglaterra e a França, fortalecendo também sua presença na América Portuguesa. Nesta última, as políticas que objetivavam esse avanço se deram grandemente em torno do fomento agrícola, que aos poucos começou a surtir efeito, sobretudo nas regiões do Centro-Sul. Foi esse o caso da Capitania de São Paulo que, entre 1760 e 1770, passou a registrar seus primeiros produtos agrícolas para exportação pelo porto de Santos / The settlement of Rio Pardo headwaters region, which nowadays corresponds to cities located in the state of São Paulo such as: Caconde, São José do Rio Pardo, São Sebastião da Grama, Mococa Tapiratiba and Divinolândia, started in 1765; this was year when the governor of Sao Paulo, Luis Antonio de Souza Botelho Mourão, the Morgado de Mateus (his noble title), sent a stagecoach in order to find gold in this site and also in order to secure the possession of the region. There was, at the same time, a population shift to this area, which consisted of people in search of gold and land for planting. In this movement, the village of N. S. Conceição do Rio Pardo was established, which, in 1775, became a municipal sub-district. This population center corresponded to the limits of the Caconde Village (SP) which was, during the early nineteenth century, the center of the rural districts which appeared in its vicinities. The integration of this space to the São Paulo state area was accelerated by the expansion of export agriculture in the region of the state of São Paulo which was known as the cane quadrangle. This transformation had occurred in the late eighteenth century, and it was made possible by the development of an economy of domestic supply in some regions of São Paulo, which had begun in the seventeenth century. The emergence of agricultural practices geared to international markets occurred primarily in the pombalino period and during the government of Morgado de Mateus. When D. Joseph I assumed the throne of Portugal, a number of measures were taken so that the country of Portugal would be able to reach the same wealth of nations such as England and France; thus, strengthening its presence in the Portuguese America. In the latter, the policies aimed at advances were largely due to the promotion of agriculture, which gradually began to yield results, especially in South-Central regions