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Submitted by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2018-10-09T18:20:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 mpcc_ROBERTA PRADO_DEFESA FINAL_IMPRESSÃO FINAL rev RP.pdf: 4203884 bytes, checksum: a62e2b89f1998798da40dc3455f5cd80 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2018-10-09T18:21:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mpcc_ROBERTA PRADO_DEFESA FINAL_IMPRESSÃO FINAL rev RP.pdf: 4203884 bytes, checksum: a62e2b89f1998798da40dc3455f5cd80 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Debora Cristina Bonfim Aquarone (deborabonfim@espm.br) on 2018-10-09T18:21:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mpcc_ROBERTA PRADO_DEFESA FINAL_IMPRESSÃO FINAL rev RP.pdf: 4203884 bytes, checksum: a62e2b89f1998798da40dc3455f5cd80 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-09T18:21:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mpcc_ROBERTA PRADO_DEFESA FINAL_IMPRESSÃO FINAL rev RP.pdf: 4203884 bytes, checksum: a62e2b89f1998798da40dc3455f5cd80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-23 / The aim of this study was to understand the young person's perception about coffee as part of a healthy habit in their routine. The exploratory qualitative research turns to the consumer of 19-25 years, a relevant period for the development of long-lasting health behaviors. In the process, seventeen in-depth interviews were considered. The script was supported by the concepts of the Health Belief Model (HBM), considered one of the most used models to explain health behaviors. The predictive variables of the HBM were adapted to the context and from them emerged seven analytical categories for interpretation through the qualitative content analysis. The results showed that, in general, coffee is not associated with healthy habits. Despite the strong bond between coffee and young people, they are not familiar with all functional benefits of the beverage. Perception is limited: coffee is a source of energy and disposition (productivity) and/or relaxation (pleasure). It also identifies additional signs: coffee is also perceived as an instrument for socialization. In other words, coffee is seen by young people as a powerful ally of adult life, which justifies its relevance in this important period of quest for independence. Therefore, the perception of coffee as part of a healthy behavior can be stimulated if young people acquire more knowledge of the benefits of coffee (especially those that are fit into their daily routine) and the safe doses of caffeine, that less often is perceived as a potential addiction, despite they claim to consume less than the recommended daily doses. In addition, the positioning that relates coffee as an ally for physical activity seems to have the greatest potential, since it is the variable most associated with health and it is already a habit in the routine. However, coffee as a fuel for healthy habits appears to be believable and applicable by the eyes of this researched public. On the other hand, the benefits related to disease prevention showed less credibility and relevance. / O objetivo do estudo foi compreender a percepção do jovem sobre o café como parte de hábito saudável em sua rotina. A pesquisa exploratória qualitativa se volta para o consumidor de 19-25 anos, período relevante para desenvolvimento de comportamentos duradouros para a saúde. Foram consideradas dezessete entrevistas em profundidade. Os roteiros foram sustentados pelos conceitos do Health Belief Model (HBM), classificado como um dos modelos mais utilizados para explicar comportamentos de saúde. As variáveis preditivas do HBM foram adaptadas ao contexto e delas emergiram sete categorias analíticas para interpretação através da análise qualitativa de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstraram que, em geral, o café não está associado a hábitos saudáveis. Apesar do vínculo forte com a bebida, os jovens não são familiarizados com todos os seus benefícios funcionais. A percepção é limitada: o café é fonte de disposição e energia (produtividade) ou de relaxamento (prazer). Identifica-se também signos adicionais: o café é instrumento para socialização. Em outras palavras, o café é tido pelos jovens como um grande aliado da vida adulta, o que justifica sua relevância nesta fase de busca por independência. Assim, a percepção do café como parte de um comportamento saudável pode ser estimulada se o público jovem obter maior conhecimento dos benefícios do café (principalmente os que se encaixam na rotina típica) e das doses diárias seguras de cafeína, que ainda são superiores à frequência de consumo deste público, que por vezes percebe a substância como um vício em potencial. Além disso, o posicionamento que relaciona o café como aliado para atividades físicas parece ter o maior potencial, uma vez que é a variável mais associada à saúde e já é um hábito na rotina. Contudo, o café como combustível para hábitos saudáveis parece ser crível e relevante aos olhos do público pesquisado. Já os benefícios ligados à prevenção de doença apresentaram menor credibilidade e relevância.

Bakgrund Vaccinets funktion i att begränsa och eliminera virusbaserade sjukdomar är vetenskapligt bevisat och dess inverkan på samhället sedan införseln av ett nationellt barnvaccinationsprogram har varit otvivelaktig. I och med vaccinationsprogrammets framgång har rädslan och förståelsen för hur farliga barnsjukdomarna var minskat. Något som kan leda till att rädslan inte längre leder till en skyddande aktion såsom vaccinering. Syfte Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka informationens betydelse för föräldrars beslut att avstå från att vaccinera sitt barn eller låta vaccinera barnet. Metod Litteraturstudie baserad på elva vetenskapliga originalartiklar publicerade mellan år 2004-2018. Artikelsökning skedde i databaserna CINAHL, PubMed och SveMed+. Granskning av originalartiklar genomfördes enligt kvalitetsgranskningsmallar. I studien har the Health Belief Model samt familjecentrerad vård använts som teoretiska referensramar. Resultat Information är av yttersta vikt vid ett beslut om vaccination. Vårdgivare är viktiga i informationsgivandet. Det framkom att föräldrar vill ha neutral information med både för- och nackdelar. Föräldrar uppgav att de inhämtar information från internet, vetenskapliga studier eller vänner och familj. Information kan ges i muntligt eller skriftlig form. Muntlig information kan ske antingen genom faktagivning eller diskussion.   Slutsats Informationen har en betydande roll i beslutsprocessen hos föräldrar som ska vaccinera sitt barn. Föräldrar får information från vården, men de söker även information på egen hand för att komplettera informationen. Informationen från vården behöver anpassas efter personerna i fråga. Utifrån tydlig information som berör ämnet på ett trovärdigt sätt kan sjuksköterskan visa på vaccinationsprogrammets centrala roll i att minimera risker och maximera fördelar för barnet. / Backgrund Since the introduction of a national childhood vaccination programme, the vaccine's role in limiting and eliminating virus-based diseases have been scientifically proven and its impact on society has been undeniable. With the success of the vaccination programme, the fear of how dangerous childhood diseases have been diminished. This could lead to the fear no longer acting as a strong enough reason to vaccinate.  Aim The aim of the study was to investigate how significant information is to parents when deciding whether to refrain or receive vaccination for their child. Method The literature review is based on eleven scientific original articles published between the years 2004-2018. The article search took place in the CINAHL, PubMed and SveMed+ databases. Original articles were reviewed using quality review templates. The theoretical framework for this study was based on the Health Belief Model and Family Centred Nursing. Result Information is of utmost importance when deciding to vaccinate. Caregivers are important in the provision of information. It appeared that parents want neutral information with both pros and cons. Parents stated that they gather information from the internet, scientific studies or friends and family. Information may be given in oral or written form. Oral information may be given through both the presentation of facts or discussion.  Conclusion Information has a significant role in the decision-making process of parents to vaccinate their child. Parents receive information from healthcare, but they also seek information on their own to supplement the information. The information from healthcare needs to be adapted to the persons in question. Given that fair and direct information is provided, that relates to the subject in a credible way, the nurse can demonstrate the central role of the vaccination program in minimizing the risks and maximizing benefits to the child.

Bakgrund: Främre korsbandsskador är en av de vanligaste och svåraste skadorna inom damfotboll. Det finns stark evidens för att skadeförebyggande knäkontrollsträning förebygger främre korsbandsskador om följsamheten till träningen är hög. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka kvinnliga fotbollsspelares följsamhet till knäkontrollsträning och om det finns ett samband mellan följsamhet och self-efficacy, upplevda fördelar, upplevda hinder, yttre påminnelser, upplevd sårbarhet samt upplevd allvarlighetsgrad.  Metod: En kvantitativ ansats med en icke-experimentell tvärsnittsdesign har använts för att besvara studiens syfte och frågeställningar. Ett ändamålsenligt urval har tillämpats och data samlades in genom en webbenkät där 73 besvarade enkäter inkom. En deskriptiv frekvensanalys och Spearman’s rangkorrelation användes för att analysera resultatet. Resultat: 58,9% av deltagarna utförde knäkontrollsträning >2 ggr/veckan och följer rekommendationerna för knäkontrollsträning. Det fanns ett lågt samband mellan knäkontrollsträning och upplevda hinder, self-efficacy och yttre påminnelser. Mellan resterande variabler, divisioner och knäkontrollsträning förelåg inget signifikant samband.  Slutsatser: Resultatet tyder på en högre följsamhet till knäkontrollsträning än vad tidigare studier påvisat, dock anses följsamheten fortfarande vara för låg. Resultatet visar även på inget eller lågt samband mellan knäkontrollsträning och de centrala begreppen i HBM. Vidare forskning bör göras på ett större antal deltagare, män och ur andra beteendemedicinska perspektiv.

Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka sambanden mellan personlighet, individuella hälsouppfattningar och alkoholkonsumtion hos högskolestudenter. Femfaktormodellen användes för att undersöka personlighetsdragen och The Health Belief Model användes för att undersöka de individuella hälsouppfattningarna. Studien har utgått från en kvantitativ metodologi och genomfördes genom webbenkäter. Enkäten bestod av flera mätinstrument som mätte alkoholkonsumtion, personlighet och de utvalda individuella hälsouppfattningarna. Det utfördes även en kort pilotstudie för att undersöka att enkätens frågor var tydliga. Urvalet bestod av ett bekvämlighetsurval på högskolestudenter (N=94). Tidigare forskning visar att både personlighet och individuella hälsouppfattningar påverkar individers alkoholkonsumtion. Vissa personlighetsdrag eller individuella hälsouppfattningar minskar konsumtionen, medan andra ökar den eller inte har någon effekt. För att utforska studiens forskningsfrågor och testa dess hypoteser genomfördes enkla och multipla regressionsanalyser. De centrala resultaten i studien visade att personlighetsdraget extraversion hade ett signifikant positivt samband med alkoholkonsumtion. Även tre individuella hälsouppfattningar, vilka är upplevd mottaglighet, upplevda barriärer och ledtrådar till handling hade positiva signifikanta samband med alkoholkonsumtion. / The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between personality,individual health beliefs and alcohol consumption in university students. The five-factormodel was used to measure personality traits and The Health Belief Model was used to investigate the individual health beliefs. The study was based on a quantitative methodology and used web surveys. The questionnaire included instruments measuring alcohol consumption, personality, and individual health perceptions. A pilot study was also conducted to ensure the questionnaire's clarity. The sample in this study consisted of a convenience sample of university students (N=94). Previous research shows that both personality and individual health perceptions influence individuals' alcoholconsumption. Some personality traits or individual health perceptions reduce consumption, while others increase it or have no effect. To explore the study's research questions and test its hypotheses, simple and multiple regression analyzes were conducted. The central result was that the personality trait extraversion had a significant positive correlation with alcohol consumption. The three individual health perceptions perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers and cues to action also had a positive significant correlation with alcohol consumption.

The present study investigated why communities differing in culture and resources are willing and able to implement gun confiscation as part of a protective order. Specifically, this study explored whether the perceived risk of intimate partner homicide and gun violence, benefits to engaging in gun confiscation, barriers to gun confiscation, community norms about guns, and community readiness to implement gun confiscation: (a) differ in urban and rural communities, (b) are perceived differently by victim service and justice system key professionals within urban and rural communities, and (c) are related to if a community is able and willing to consistently implement procedures that mandate gun confiscation of abusers as part of a protective order. Interviews, guided by an adapted guiding conceptual framework, were conducted with key professionals (N = 133) who work both in victim services and the justice system from a targeted urban community and four Appalachian communities in Kentucky. First, implementing gun confiscation procedures to disarm abusers in rural communities does not seem likely or feasible compared to the urban community given the lower perceived risk-benefit of gun confiscation, importance of gun culture, and limited resources in the selected rural communities. Second, urban justice system professionals, in comparison to urban victim service professionals, reported fewer barriers to enforcing the gun confiscation policy and were more likely to downplay law enforcement limitations in the community and attribute the ineffectiveness of the gun confiscation policy to reasons outside their control. Third, the perceived risk of intimate partner gun violence was associated with consistently implementing in gun confiscation at the emergency protective order (short-term) level, and the perceived community approval of the policy was associated with engaging in consistent gun confiscation at the domestic violence order (longer-term) level. Fourth, both urban and rural professionals pointed out potential unintended negative consequences to implementing the gun confiscation policy, such as violation of second amendment rights and increased danger for victims who seek protective orders. The results have implications for developing more effective strategies for increasing a community’s ability and motivation to enforce gun policy that keep guns out of the hands of dangerous abusers.

Each year more than 44,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer and more than 12,000 of these die from the disease. These mortality rates are relatively high compared to the rest of Europe (Berrino et al., 2007; Mayor, 2003), which in part is due to the advanced stage of the disease at first presentation (McCready et al., 2005; Sant et al., 2003). Regular breast self-examination (BSE) can facilitate early detection (Cancer Research UK, 2008), yet it is not widespread. Identifying the motivational and contextual factors is likely to lead to the development of effective interventions as part of being ‘breast-aware’. This is particularly important given that mammography screening may not be effective (Crossing & Mansezewicz, 2003) or recommended for younger women (Cancer Research UK, 2008) and that BSE may be beneficial in offering women the opportunity to create a positive relationship with their body. This study considered the utility of a proposed Extended Health Belief Model (E-HBM) as a framework for understanding women’s knowledge, beliefs and behaviour. It sought to develop a new way to provide guidance and to encourage BSE by investigating the effect of autobiographical accounts of breast-cancer patients and a multimedia BSE support programme comparing video-enhanced or static guided instructions. The study adopted a 2x2 mixed methods design and 60 white British women aged between 19 and 67 participated. Analysis of Covariance revealed an interaction effect of autobiographical accounts and BSE support on BSE frequency and proficiency and regression analyses examined the utility of the E-HBM, with confidence being the main predictor. Moreover, thematic analysis elicited five themes; Previous Experience, BSE Irregularity, Perceived Susceptibility, Coping Style and The Usability of the 5 Step Model of BSE. The study concludes that the 5-step technique encourages BSE through creating a more pleasant experience, as women form an improved relationship with their breasts. Both the video-enhanced and static BSE supports are effective in terms of encouraging BSE and the effect of autobiographical accounts appears to be dependent on the type support. The practical implications and direction for future BSE interventions are discussed.

In recent years, many health care organizations have begun to take advantage of computerized information systems to facilitate more effective and efficient management and processing of information. However, commensurate with the vastly innovative enhancements that computer technology has contributed to traditional paper-based health care information systems, are security vulnerabilities that have potentially devastating effects on these systems. To ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information and to ensure compliance with the Security Rule of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), health care organizations have implemented a number of security controls. Although the objectives of these controls are understood and acknowledged by users of computerized patient care information management systems, the controls are sometimes circumvented or ignored. The purpose of this study was the development of an instrument that measures key determinants of healthcare professionals' prudent access control behavior. The study examined healthcare professionals' prudent access control behavior using a model that integrates the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Health Belief Model (HBM). Two additional variables - information security awareness and perceived information security responsibility were incorporated into the model. Rather than focusing on a single behavior or a few specific behaviors, a category of behaviors was proposed. Results of the study indicate that the HBM and TPB constructs as well as the two additional constructs included in the model are indeed key determinants of healthcare professionals' intention to engage in prudent access control behavior that mitigate security threats. Additionally, results of the study provide support for the partial mediating effects of perceived benefits and perceived responsibility for information security on attitude, information security awareness, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and perceived severity. The study contributes to the IS knowledge domain by providing theoretically grounded explanations for a subset of prudent information security behaviors of healthcare professionals.

Magister Public Health - MPH / The study aimed to describe the knowledge and awareness of HPV infection and vaccine of female university students and to determine the predictors of vaccine acceptability. The study found that 70% of the participants were sexually active. Awareness and knowledge on HPV/vaccine were poor; with only 22% being aware of HPV and that a HPV vaccine was available in South Africa. A greater proportion (80%) reported willingness to be vaccinated. Being aware of the existence of a pap smear, higher knowledge about HPV, higher perceived vaccine effectiveness and higher perceived severity of HPV infection were significantly associated with increased willingness to be vaccinated. / South Africa