Burn injury is one of the most serious traumatic events with possible psychological and psychosocial consequences. This paper deals with a topic not yet explored in Czech Republic - (especially) psychological factors affecting the response to trauma in order to identify patients with worse response, who require more attention of experts. The theoretical part of the paper describes burn injury as an extremely stressful event and presents factors that co- determine the individual's response to the trauma. It also describes the most common mental problems observed in people with burns. The theoretical part serves as a basis for the empirical part of the paper which presents our own research of exploratory character. The aim of the research was to identify the factors related to depression, anxiety and patient's perception of health, in a research sample of 52 adult patients shortly before hospital discharge. Minority of patients in our sample reported moderate and severe depression and anxiety symptoms. Health perception of most patients corresponded to average values in normal population while depression was found as its predictor and it also correlated with the personality traits neuroticism, introversion and consciousness. We found the predictors of depression to be the personality traits...

Immigrants face many challenges when transitioning to life in a new country, and access to their traditional food can assist in facilitating a smoother transition. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact that access to traditional food has on the perception of health and well-being of Jamaican immigrants to the United States. Methods: Using a qualitative descriptive design, twenty Jamaicans (10 in New York; 10 in Utah) participated in semi-structured interviews, which were transcribed and analyzed. Results: Participants expressed a preference for traditional food. New York participants had greater access to Jamaican food and rated their health status more favorably than Utah participants. The change in diet and a decrease in activity after migration was identified as having a negative impact on health. Access to Jamaican food seems to affect well-being. Discussion: Healthcare providers should encourage a healthy traditional diet for better health outcomes among immigrants.

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Objective: To evaluate factors influencing excessive weight gain during pregnancy and changes in eating patterns from the pre-pregnancy period among low-income women (<185% poverty level). Design, Setting, & Participants: Low-income women who were at least 7-months pregnant and gained excess weight (n= 14) or normal weight (n=15) were interviewed. Questions pertained to previous nutritional knowledge, eating patterns, and sources for obtaining nutrition information. Outcome Measures and Analysis: Transcripts were coded independently by two researchers, with any differences reconciled. Common themes were discussed and tallied to determine the most commonly re-occurring topics reported in the interviews. Results: Most of the excess weight gainers (EWG) and recommended weight gainers (RWG) had a heightened awareness of their eating patterns and became more concerned about the impact their diet had on their fetus' health during (vs. before) pregnancy. EWG and RWG received limited nutrition- and weight-related advice from their doctors, and relied on alternate sources of information, such as pregnancy books and online websites. The most noted difference between the groups was that RWG reported more accurate nutrition knowledge than EWG.Conclusions and Implications: Nutrition knowledge indirectly affects the amount of weight women gain during pregnancy. EWG and RWG received minimal nutritional and weight-related advice from doctors during or after pregnancy. This suggests the need for increased counseling efforts by doctors in providing appropriate nutrition and weight-related advice to their patients or providing outside referrals to registered dietitians.

Many non-human animal species use colour to signal dominance, condition or reproductive status. These signals have not previously been noted in humans. This thesis investigates the effects of skin colouration and pigmentation on the apparent health of human faces. Section 2 showed that individuals with increased fruit and vegetable and carotenoid consumption have yellower skin (Study 1) due to increased carotenoid pigmentation in the skin (Study 2). In Section 3, participants enhanced the redness, yellowness and lightness of the skin portions of colour-calibrated facial photographs to optimise healthy appearance. This suggests roles for blood (red) and carotenoid/melanin (yellow) colouration in providing perceptible cues to health. The contrast between lips and facial skin colour was not found to affect the apparent health of the faces, except in the b* (yellowness) axis, where enhanced facial yellowness caused an apparent blue tint to the lips. In Section 4 participants enhanced empirically-derived oxygenated blood colour more than deoxygenated blood colour to optimise healthy appearance. In two-dimensional trials, when both blood colour axes could be manipulated simultaneously, deoxygenated blood colour was removed and replaced with oxygenated blood colour. Oxygenated blood colouration appears to drive the preference for redness in faces. In Section 5 participants increased carotenoid colour significantly more than they increased melanin colour in both single-axis and two-dimensional trials. Carotenoid colour appears to drive the preference for yellowness in faces. In a cross-cultural study (Section 6), preferences for red and yellow in faces were unaffected by face or participant ethnicity, while African participants lightened faces more than UK participants. A preference for more redness in East Asian faces was explained by this group’s lower initial redness. The thesis concludes that pigments that provide sexually-selected signals of quality in many non-human animal species – carotenoids and oxygenated blood - also provide perceptible cues to health in human faces.

Faced with the strenuous work routine of the truck driver, added to the life habits adverse to health, this study aims to know the determinants of health among truck drivers in the state of Sergipe, as well as their perception about the theme. This is a cross-sectional study with a qualitative and quantitative approach. The health determinants related to socioeconomic characteristics, health and work conditions, and food choices were evaluated. For a qualitative approach, we used the free evocation technique, individual interviews and focus groups, analyzed through EVOC® software, content analysis and discourse of the collective subject, respectively. There were 146 truck drivers with low schooling (7.0 ± 2.9 years of schooling), overweight (86.8%), hypertriglyceridemia (57.7%), sedentary lifestyle (74.7%), (median of 700 km), followed by long periods without rest (median of 12 hours), and frequent use of amphetamines to inhibit sleep (72.6%). On the other hand, the results indicate a good perception about the importance of adequate food choices. Qualitative information showed a satisfactory self-perception about health (notes 7.5 ± 1.4), denoted by 'absence of disease'. Although it does not have a defined core, the social representation on health pointed to preventive attitudes such as self-care and the reference to the risk imposed by working conditions. The results suggest a morbidity and mortality profile for chronic diseases and a relative understanding of healthy habits, however, with difficulties to put into practice, alleging limitations due to working conditions. / Diante da rotina laboral extenuante do motorista de caminhão, agregado aos hábitos de vida adversos à saúde, este estudo visa conhecer os determinantes de saúde entre caminhoneiros do estado de Sergipe, bem como a sua percepção acerca do tema. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com abordagem qualiquantitativa. Foram avaliados os determinantes de saúde relativos às características socioeconômicas, condições de saúde e de trabalho, e escolhas alimentares. Para abordagem qualitativa, utilizou-se a técnica da livre evocação, entrevistas individuais e grupos focais, analisados por meio do software EVOC®, análise do conteúdo e discurso do sujeito coletivo, respectivamente. Participaram 146 caminhoneiros apresentando, de modo geral, baixa escolaridade (7,0±2,9 anos de estudo), excesso de peso (86,8%), hipertrigliceridemia (57,7%), sedentarismo (74,7%), com rotina laboral determinada por extensas rotas (mediana de 700 km), percorridas por longos períodos sem descanso (mediana de 12h), e uso frequente de anfetaminas para inibir o sono (72,6%). Por outro lado, os resultados indicam uma boa percepção sobre a importância das escolhas alimentares adequadas. As informações qualitativas monstraram uma autopercepção satisfatória sobre a saúde (notas 7,5±1,4), denotada pela ‘ausência de doenças’. Apesar de não possuir um núcleo central definido, a representação social sobre a saúde apontou para atitudes preventivas como autocuidado e a referência ao risco imposto pelas condições de trabalho. Os resultados sugerem perfil de morbimortalidade para enfermidades crônicas e relativa compreensão sobre hábitos saudáveis, no entanto, com dificuldades para colocar em prática, alegando limitações devido às condições de trabalho. / Aracaju, SE

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-03-23T13:51:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Maria Conceição de Castro Antonelli Monteiro de Queiroz - 2014.pdf: 1338218 bytes, checksum: 518447d5c08403b418bba94c91ef3612 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-03-23T15:42:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Maria Conceição de Castro Antonelli Monteiro de Queiroz - 2014.pdf: 1338218 bytes, checksum: 518447d5c08403b418bba94c91ef3612 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-23T15:42:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Maria Conceição de Castro Antonelli Monteiro de Queiroz - 2014.pdf: 1338218 bytes, checksum: 518447d5c08403b418bba94c91ef3612 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-03 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Chronic respiratory diseases represent a major public health problem worldwide. Affect quality of life, physical disability and generating large socioeconomic impact. Often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is underdiagnosed. Delayed diagnosis may be related to inappropriate use of diagnoses and / or procedures lack of knowledge about the disease among health professionals and the general population. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and factors associated with awareness of COPD among health professionals and primary care SUS users of a city of the Midwest factors. Methods: The study was analytical, observational, cross-sectional, conducted in basic health units, comprising the Health Centers (CS) and 26 Family Health Centers (CSF). Health professionals and users were interviewed using adapted with open and closed questions form. To assess knowledge of COPD among users of the units, we used an adapted structured form. 674 users, 95 doctors, 62 nurses and 30 managers in 12 CS and 26 CSF were interviewed between May 2013 and February 2014 Results: Of the 674 users interviewed, 84.3% reported knowing the term or the term COPD pulmonary emphysema; 9.2% reported knowing the term COPD. Dyspnea was the most frequent symptom attributed to COPD (70.6%). Regarding the main sources of knowledge about COPD, 43.1% of users reported the media and 36.4%, familiar with the disease. Among the 95 physicians interviewed, 28 (29.5%) had satisfactory knowledge about the diagnosis of COPD. Regarding the use of resources for the diagnosis of the disease (symptoms and spirometry), spirometry was mentioned by doctors (81.1%), then cited chest radiography (72.6%) and symptoms (51.6%) . Among the 62 nurses interviewed, 6.5% got the expected prevalence of COPD; 61.0% knew two risk factors (tobacco and wood); approximately 60.5% gave the expected response in relation to the recognition of two main associated diseases; 63.0% made the referral to the correct locations of spirometry. 30 managers, of which 48.3% had training in health were interviewed; all reported no units in its statistics on this disease; 13.0% and underestimated, overestimated the 54.8%, while 25.8% did not know what the expected response in relation to the reported prevalence of COPD; all identified tobacco, 64.5% and also wood smoke as risk factors for disease; 74.2% reported referral to the correct location for spirometry; 86.6% did not know what proportion of patients who had no access to treatment prescribed by the doctor. Conclusion: The prevalence of awareness of COPD is low among health professionals in primary care. The term COPD is unknown to most users, as opposed to the term emphysema. The prevalence of basic knowledge about the disease was lower among users. One of the sources of knowledge of COPD cited less frequently by users were physicians. The results of this study indicate possible causes of underdiagnosis of COPD in the population treated in primary care and may assist health managers to implement intervention projects that increase the rate of early diagnosis and treatment in COPD. / As doenças respiratórias crônicas representam um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública no mundo. Afetam a qualidade de vida, gerando incapacidade física e grande impacto socioeconômico. Frequentemente a doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) é subdiagnósticada. O subdiagnóstico pode estar relacionado com a inadequada utilização de procedimentos diagnósticos e/ou falta de conhecimento sobre a doença entre os profissionais de saúde e a população geral. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao conhecimento sobre a DPOC entre profissionais de saúde da atenção básica e usuários do SUS de uma cidade da região Centro-Oeste. Métodos: O estudo foi analítico, observacional, transversal, realizado em unidades básicas de saúde, compreendendo os Centros de Saúde (CS) e 26 Centros de Saúde da Família (CSF). Foram entrevistados profissionais de saúde e usuários, utilizando-se formulário adaptado com perguntas abertas e fechadas. Para avaliação do conhecimento da DPOC entre os usuários das unidades, recorreu-se a um formulário estruturado adaptado. Foram entrevistados 674 usuários, 95 médicos, 62 enfermeiros e 30 gestores em 12 CS e 26 CSF, no período de maio de 2013 a fevereiro de 2014. Resultados: Dos 674 usuários entrevistados, 84,3% referiram conhecer o termo DPOC ou o termo enfisema pulmonar; 9,2% relataram conhecer o termo DPOC. A dispneia foi o sintoma mais frequentemente atribuído à DPOC (70,6%). Em relação às principais fontes de conhecimento sobre a DPOC, 43,1% dos usuários informaram a mídia e 36,4%, familiares com a doença. Dentre os 95 médicos entrevistados, 28 (29,5%) tinham conhecimento satisfatório sobre o diagnóstico de DPOC. Quanto à utilização de recursos para o diagnóstico da doença (sintomas e espirometria), espirometria foi a mais citada pelos médicos (81,1%), em seguida citaram radiografia de tórax (72,6% ) e sintomas (51,6%). Entre os 62 enfermeiros entrevistados, 6,5% acertaram a prevalência esperada da DPOC; 61,0 % conheciam 2 fatores de risco (tabaco e lenha); cerca de 60,5% deram a resposta esperada em relação ao reconhecimento das duas principais doenças associadas; 63,0% fizeram o encaminhamento para locais corretos de realização de espirometria. Foram entrevistados 30 gestores, dos quais 48,3% tinham capacitação na área da saúde; todos referiram não haver nas suas unidades dados estatísticos sobre esta doença; 13,0% a subestimaram, 54,8% a superestimaram , enquanto 25,8% referiram não saber qual a resposta esperada em relação ao relato de prevalência de DPOC; todos identificaram tabaco, 64,5% e também fumaça de lenha como fatores de risco à doença; 74,2% relataram o encaminhamento ao local correto para realização de espirometria; 86,6% informaram não saber qual a proporção de pacientes que não tinham acesso ao tratamento prescrito pelo médico. Conclusão: A prevalência do conhecimento sobre a DPOC é baixo entre profissionais de saúde da atenção primária. O termo DPOC é desconhecido pela maioria dos usuários, ao contrário do termo enfisema. A prevalência de conhecimentos básicos sobre a doença foi baixa entre usuários. Uma das fontes de conhecimento de DPOC citadas com menor frequência pelos usuários foram os médicos. Os resultados do presente estudo apontam possíveis causas de subdiagnóstico da DPOC na população atendida na atenção básica e poderão auxiliar os gestores de saúde a executarem projetos de intervenção, que aumentem a taxa de diagnóstico e tratamento precoces na DPOC.

This dissertation is divided into five chapters consisting of three short essays that concentrate on economic analysis of health, savings and labor. The first essay is aimed at investigating the influence of increased work hours on individuals’ health and how this may differ between males and females. It is expected that increased hours of work will have a negative impact on health but this impact may be stronger for females. In the second essay, the relationship between individuals’ health and savings behavior is analyzed. Healthy individuals are expected to be more productive, earn higher incomes, and have lower medical expenditures compared to unhealthy individuals. It is therefore expected that individuals’ health will have a positive influence on their saving behavior. The third paper analyzes the effect of increased work, as proxied by labor force participation, on health, as proxied by life expectancy, at the macro level. The main aim of the analysis in the third essay is to investigate whether or not increased female labor force participation is a contributing factor to the narrowing gap between the life expectancy of females and males. In the final chapter of this dissertation, I provide a summary of my findings on the relationships between work, health, and savings. I also provide directions for future research.

Title: Sport and physical activities in senior population - situation and promotion in Cheb Town The aim of this thesis is to examine what way of life seniors in Cheb prefer, what physical level they achieve and what specific programs and opportunities for leisure activities for this specific group of people in Cheb is organized. Conducted survey is to provide answers to questions primarily related to the level of physical activity of seniors and integration of these activities in their lifestyle and perception and satisfaction wit treir own health and life. Results of this work are the proposals that could help engage more seniors in an active lifestyle and proposals that could be considered by established organizations devoted to work with this specific group of people. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Souza Novaes.pdf: 5824337 bytes, checksum: 0e69f53b1ab8cf707be1f24ab68cd5a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-01 / This study aims to determine whether the Complementary Spiritist Therapy promotes improvement in quality of life and perceived health of the patient according to their selfreport. Based in Jungian Psychosomatic Model of diseases, this paper uses the method of qualitative and quantitative research, through the application of semi-structured interviews and The Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) before and after the participants undergo a spiritual healing treatment. The sample consists of thirtythree participants with various diseases, 34-81 years, of different religions, frequenters of a spiritist center of the city of São Paulo. The interview results showed that for the majority of the sample the treatment was effective because the respondents had a perception of improvement in their health status, reported a decrease in symptoms, acquired some kind of learning and changed their relationship with the disease itself. This way faith proved to be an important element of healing. For a minority of the sample, there has been little improvement in their perception of physical symptoms. However, they obtained psychological and spiritual gains. When comparing the average results of the participants in the first and second application of the SF-36, there was significant improvement in the mental component summary and in the following domains of quality of life: role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional and mental health. The differences between the outcomes of the first and second application of the SF-36 of physical functioning and the physical component summary were not statistically significant / Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar se a Terapia Complementar Espírita (TCE) promove melhora na qualidade de vida e na percepção de saúde do paciente segundo seu autorrelato. Fundamentada no Modelo Psicossomático Junguiano de doenças, esta dissertação utiliza o método qualitativo e quantitativo de pesquisa, através da aplicação de entrevistas e do Instrumento Genérico de Avaliação de Qualidade de Vida em Saúde (questionário SF-36) antes e depois dos participantes se submeterem a um tratamento de cura espiritual. A amostra é composta por trinta e três sujeitos com enfermidades diversas, de 34 a 81 anos, de distintas religiões, frequentadores de um centro espírita da cidade de São Paulo. Os resultados das entrevistas indicaram que para a maioria da amostra o tratamento foi eficaz, pois os entrevistados obtiveram uma percepção de melhora no estado de saúde, observaram uma diminuição dos sintomas apresentados, adquiriram algum tipo de aprendizado e modificaram a relação com a própria doença. A fé se mostrou assim um importante elemento de cura. Para uma minoria, houve percepção de pouca melhora nos sintomas físicos. Contudo, obtiveram ganhos de ordem psicológica e espiritual. Ao comparar as médias dos resultados dos participantes obtidos na primeira e na segunda aplicação do questionário, observaram-se resultados de melhora significativa no sumário de componentes mentais e nos seguintes domínios de qualidade de vida: aspectos físicos, dor, aspecto geral de saúde, vitalidade, aspectos sociais, aspectos emocionais, saúde mental. A diferença entre as médias da capacidade funcional e no sumário de componentes físicos não foi estatisticamente significativa