Mål: Å vurdere effekten av det norske BCG-vaksinasjonsprogrammet blant ungdommer ved(1) å vurdere om forskjeller i tuberkuloseepidemiologi i fire nordiske land er assosiert med forskjeller i bruk av BCG og (2) å estimere betydningen av BCG vaksinasjon blant ungdommer i Norge. Metode: Studieperioden var 1975-2005, med hovedvekt på 1996-2005. Artikler, overvåkingsrapporter, EuroTB-databasen og nasjonale tuberkuloseregistre var datakilder. Data fra EuroTB ble brukt til å beregne insidensrater for tilfeller rapportert som “born in country/national” i Norge, Sverige, Finland og Danmark. Data fra de norske og svenske tuberkuloseregistrene ble brukt til å beregne insidensrater for tilfeller som var født i de respektive land og som hadde foreldre som begge var født i et land med lav insidens av tuberkulose. Insidensrater for aldersgruppene 0-14 and 15-29 år ble sammenlignetHovedresultater: Fra 1975 til 2005 var det et fall i insidensrate i alle landene, mest uttalt i Finland. I 1996-2005 hadde Finland lavest insidensrate i aldergruppen 0-14 år, og Norge hadde lavest insidensrate i gruppen 15-29 år. Dette er forenlig med beskyttende effekt som følge av BCG-vaksinasjon av nyfødte i Finland og av 12-14-åringer i Norge. Vi estimerer at det norske BCG vaksinasjonsprogrammet blant ungdommer gir 61-64% beskyttelse i aldersgruppen 15-29 år. Om man forutsetter 50-80% beskyttelse, er det nødvendig med 14918 - 51409 vaksinasjoner for å forebygge ett tilfelle av tuberkulose. I 1996-2005 kan tidligere BCG-vaksinasjon blant ungdommer ha forebygget 1,2 – 3,9% av tilfeller av tuberkulose blant norskfødte, og 0,4 – 1,2% av totalt antall tilfeller. Konklusjoner: BCG-vaksinasjon av norske ungdommer med lav risiko for tuberkulose kan ha bidratt til redusert risiko for tuberkulose i en periode på 15 år etter vaksinering. Men et stort antall vaksinasjoner er nødvendig for å forebygge ett tilfelle. / Purpose: to assess the effectiveness of the Norwegian adolescent BCG vaccinationprogramme by (1)examining if differences in tuberculosis epidemiology in four Nordiccountries is associated with different use of BCG and (2) using evidence from this and paststudies on BCG efficacy to estimate the impact of vaccination in the present epidemiologicalsituation. Method: The study period was 1975-2005, with main focus on 1996-2005. Data sourceswere articles, surveillance reports, the EuroTB database, and national tuberculosis registers.EuroTB data were used to calculate incidence rates for cases reported as “born incountry/national” in Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark. Data from the Norwegian andSwedish tuberculosis registers were used to calculate incidence rates for cases that were born in the respective countries and that had parents who were both born in countries with low incidence of tuberculosis. Incidence rates in the age groups 0-14 and 15-29 years were compared. Main results: From 1975 to 2005 all countries experienced a reduction in incidence rates,most pronounced in Finland. During 1996-2005 Finland had the lowest incidence rate in the0-14 year age group, and Norway had the lowest incidence rate in the 15-29 year group. Thisis consistent with protection by BCG vaccination of newborns in Finland and of 12-14 yearolds in Norway. We estimated that the Norwegian adolescents BCG vaccination programme confers 61-64% protection in the age group 15-29 years. Assuming 50-80% protection, 14918 - 51 409 vaccinations are needed to prevent one case of tuberculosis. During 1996-2005,prior BCG vaccination of Norwegian teenagers may have prevented 1.2 - 3.9% of cases oftuberculosis among Norwegian-born and 0.4 - 1.2% of total cases. Conclusions: BCG vaccination of low-risk Norwegian adolescents may have contributed to reduced risk of tuberculosis for a period of 15 years after vaccination. However, a large number of vaccinations must be given in order to prevent one case of tuberculosis. / <p>ISBN 978-91-85721-59-7</p>

Information and communication technologies (lCTs) are increasingly changing the way in which working, learning, doing research and administrations are carried out. ICTs have the changed natute of many academic, public and organisations libraries. Health service is an important and essential element of any modern society. Therefore, development of this service and updating its services is a priority for most of modern governments. Current developments in ICTs are changing the nature of health science libraries. Therefore research in this area is important to provide guidelines, recommendations to improve the health services. This study explores the impact of ICTs in Hamad Health Science Library in Qatar. Physicians and staff in the Hamad Medical Corporation were surveyed by questionnaire to identify the use of ICTs and their effect on them. Then personal interviews detertnined their perceptions of the impact on the research productivity of end-users. There is a lack of this type of study in the literature. Those that there are specifically address the impact of ICTs in health science library. ICTs have become a major link to health care resources for many health care workers. The study employs a systems methodological approach in order to better understand the impact and value of ICTs in Hamad Health Sciences Library (HHSL). Using the systems intervention, issues that affect the system were identified (technological issues, cooperation issues, cultural issues and staff (and user) training and development) and the problem situation improved. An ordered roadmap of elements necessary to bring about change was produced and a HHSL systems model constructed to understand the change processes in context. Conclusions drawn reflect the level of success of the aims and objectives and indicate ways in which the problem situation can be improved from a systemic standpoint. Recommendations to management include aspects associated with operational planning, policy objectives and strategic formulation.

Bakgrunn: Det er med bekymring man ser det økende antallet personer i arbeidsfør alder som står utenfor norsk arbeidsliv. Det er ansatte i helse- og sosialsektoren som har den høyeste raten nye uføre. Dette bildet forsterkes av at Norge har et udekket og økende behov for helsearbeidere.   Hensikt: Hensikten med denne studien var å få mer kunnskap om faktorer en gruppe kvinnelige seniorsykepleiere subjektivt opplever som positive for å stå lenge i lønnet arbeid.   Metode: Det ble gjort halvstrukturerte individuelle intervju av 11 kvinnelige sykepleiere med lang yrkeserfaring. Intervjuene ble analyserte ved bruk av innholdsanalyse, i tråd med retningslinjer gitt av Graneheim og Lundman (2004).   Resultat: Det overbyggende tema ble uttrykt som Mening og selvrealisering. Dette temaet bestod av to hovedkategorier: (1) Drivkrefter, som består av indre og interpersonelle aspekter, og (2) Muliggjørende faktorer, hovedsakelig arbeidsrelaterte og/eller organisatoriske forhold, inklusive det psykososiale klimaet og meningsfull verdsetting fra ledelse og kolleger.   Konklusjoner: Studien viser at når indre Drivkrefter og Muliggjørende faktorer i arbeidet virker i gjensidig samspill, skapes en god sirkel som leder til jobbtilfredshet, og opplevelse av mening og selvrealisering. Informantene uttrykker disse forhold som betydningsfulle for sitt lange yrkesliv / Background: In Norway increasing numbers of working-age people are not actively employed. The health and social services sector have the highest rates of people collecting disability benefits. This is of concern also due to the current demand for qualified staff within the health and social services.      Purpose: This study aimed to uncover factors and incentives subjectively experienced by a group of senior female nurses that affect motivation to remain actively employed until retirement.   Method: We conducted individual, semi-structured interviews with 11 senior female nurses. Content analysis followed the guidelines of Graneheim and Lundman (2004).   Result: The overall theme was labelled Meaning and Self-realization. This theme consisted of two main categories: (1) driving forces (mainly internal or interpersonal aspects), and (2) facilitating factors (mainly work-related and/or organizational aspects including psycho-social climate and meaningful appreciation by management and colleagues).   Conclusions: The study shows that the interaction between internal driving forces and facilitating factors generates positive feedback loops that can lead to increased job satisfaction, meaningful experience, and self-realization. The interviewees deemed these factors essential for a long-lasting professional career. / <p>ISBN 978-91-85721-74-0</p>

Bakgrunn: Medarbeiderundersøkelsen i 2006 ved anestesiavdelingen seksjon 2, Rikshospitalet iOslo, avdekket dårlige skår for anestesisykepleieres mulighet til å påvirke sin egen arbeidssituasjon. Hensikt: Hensikten med studien var å kartlegge faktorer i anestesisykepleierens arbeidssituasjon som oppleves som helsefremmende og å finne ut på hvilken måte ledelsen kunne bidra til et mer helsefremmende arbeidsmiljø. Nytteverdien av studien blir at de faktorer som fremmer helse foranestesisykepleiere blir synliggjort overfor ledelsen. Metode: Det ble brukt en kvalitativ metode med intervjuer av fjorten yrkesaktive anestesisykepleiereved seks forskjellige anestesiavdelinger. En modifisert Grounded Theory ble benyttet somanalysemetode. Resultat: Analysen av intervjuene resulterte i kjernekategorien: Samarbeid på godt og vondt,anestesisykepleierens lodd i yrkeslivet og tre kategorier: Ledelsen som premissleverandør; Trivsel iet operasjonsmiljø; Rolleklarhet.Kjernekategorien belyser den koordinerende helheten som anestesisykepleieren i varetar i forhold tilpasient og andre profesjoner. Den beskriver både en stor tilfredsstillelse i arbeidssammenheng men samtidig gir den en anelse om at uoverensstemmelser kan forekomme. Ledelse utkrystalliserte segsom en viktig faktor for å tilrettelegge for et helsefremmende arbeidsmiljø, slik at grunnleggende behov ble tilfredsstilt. Produksjonspress og kommunikasjonsvansker i forhold til de nære samarbeidspartnere var faktorer som opplevdes som demotiverende og kunne noen ganger skapemistillit. Kollegastøtte spilte en avgjørende rolle i anestesisykepleiernes opplevelse av et godtarbeidsmiljø. En sammenfattende modell ble utviklet som beskriver grunnforutsetninger for utøvelseav sitt fag, hinder og begrensninger, opplevelsen av optimal pasientbehandling og ledelsens overordnede påvirkningspotensiale på både de positive og negative faktorene. Konklusjoner: Studien viser at flere viktige faktorer medvirker til at arbeidsmiljøet oppleves som helsefremmende for anestesisykepleiere. Ledelsen er en viktig faktor og den bør være mer aktiv vedå gi forsvarlige rammer for drift, og i større grad initiere helsefremmende tiltak og motivere til bedresamarbeid mellom profesjonene. Andre viktige faktorer for trivselen var det selvstendige arbeidet og det tverrfaglige samarbeidet om pasienten. / Background: The 2006 employee survey from Anaesthesia Unit 2, at Oslo’s Rikshospital, revealedlow scores regarding anaesthesia nurses` opportunity to influence their own work situation. Purpose: This study aimed to examine work factors that anaesthesia nurses perceive health promoting and to analyze how hospital leadership could initiate a healthier work environment. The value of this assessment is that factors that promote a healthy work environment for anaesthesia nurses will become visible to department management. Method: A qualitative method was used, which included interviews with fourteen anaesthesianurses, working in six different departments. A modified Grounded Theory was applied as a methodfor analysis. Result: Analysis of the interviews yielded a core category: Cooperation for Better or Worse-Anaesthesia Nurses` “Ticket” in the Workplace, and three categories: Leadership, An Organizer of Conditions; Well-being in an Operations Environment and Clarity of Roles.The core category illustrates the coordinated entirety that anaesthesia nurses consider a safeguard inrelation to the patients and other professions. Nurses described great satisfaction in their work aswell as an inkling that differences can occur. Leadership was crystallized as an important factor infacilitating a healthy working environment that satisfies basic personal and professional needs. The respondents perceived production pressure and communication difficulties with close collaborators,as demotivators that sometimes caused lack of trust. Collegial support was a crucial factor in creatingthe perception of a good working environment. A model was developed, which illustrates the basic conditions of practicing the profession, obstacles and restrictions, how nurses experience optimal patient care and fundamental and potential influence of department leadership on both positive and negative factors. Conclusions: The study shows that several important factors contribute to a healthy working environment for the anaesthesia nurses. Leadership should work more actively toward developing ajustifiable framework of management and initiating health promoting efforts that motivate better cooperation between team members. Other important factors for well-being in the workplace included independent work and interdisciplinary collaboration around patient care. / <p>ISBN 978-91-85721-75-7</p>

Bakgrunn: Studien tar utgangspunkt i resultatet av en brukerundersøkelse om pasient-tilfredshet ved fysioterapipoliklinikken, Avdeling for Fysikalsk Medisin og Rehabilitering, Ullevål universitetssykehus i2003. Resultatet: av denne studien var at pasienter med et ikke-skandinavisk morsmål var signifikant mindre tilfredse med behandlingen enn øvrige pasienter. Hensikten med studien var å undersøke hvilke faktorer som er viktige for å oppnå pasienttilfredshet blant pasienter med et ikke-skandinavisk morsmål. Metode: Materialet besto av pasienter som hadde avsluttet sin behandling for en langvarig muskel-skjelettlidelse. De fleste hadde kommet fra Asia. De hadde ikke brukt tolk. Kvantitative og kvalitative forskningsmetoder samt en metodetriangulering ble benyttet. Tretti pasienter ble inkludert i den anonyme spørreskjemaundersøkelse. To fokusgruppe- intervjuer, ett med kvinner og ett med menn, ble gjennomført. Fenomenografi ble benyttet. Resultat: Det var i store trekk sammenfallende funn i den kvantitaive og kvalitative undersøkelsen. I spørreskjemaundersøkelsen var resultatetat eldre pasienter var mer fornøyde enn yngre. Det var ingen forskjell mellom kjønnene. Mange pasienter var ikke blitt bedre av behandlingen, men mange var likevel fornøyde. Det som betydde mest for tilfredsheten var at informasjonen og kommunikasjon var god, at fysioterapeuten var dyktig og hadde nok tid til pasienten. Lokalene, utstyr, etc hadde mindre betydning. Konklusjon: Resultatet indikerte at i tillegg til bedring av tilstanden var informasjon, kommunikasjon og tilstrekkelig med tid viktige faktorer for tilfredsheten blant disse pasientene. Dette er det viktig å ta hensyn til ved behandling av pasienter med fremmed kultur og språk / Background: This study is a follow up of a patient survey study done in the Physiotherapy outpatient clinic, Department of Physical Medicine andRehabilitation, Ullevaal university hospital, 2003. The previous study showed that patients with a non- Scandinavian mother tongue were less overall satisfied with the treatment than other patients. Purpose: of this study was to find out why patients with a non- Scandinavian mother tongue were less overall satisfied with the treatment than other patients, and to assess with which factors the patients were most dissatisfied and how the patients had experienced the treatment. Methods: The material consisted of patients who had finished their physiotherapy treatment for muscle skeleton diseases. Most of them came from Asia. Both quantitative and qualitative (phenomenography) research methods were used. In the patient survey 30 patients were included. Another four patients were included in focus group interviews. Results: Older patients were more satisfied than younger. There was no significant association between gender and satisfaction. The main dissatisfaction factor was no improvement following treatment. However, many patients were satisfied despite that there had not been any improvement. Other factors that had impact on the overall satisfaction were communication, professional skills, information, enough time and expectations. Facilities and equipment were of less importance. Conclusion: The results indicate that in addition to improved condition, communication, information and enough time were of great importance for patient satisfaction. These factors should be taken into consideration while treating patients with foreign culture and language / <p>ISBN 978-91-85721-01-6</p>

Aim: Thisstudy aimedto investigatethe knowledge and attitudes of healthcareworkers regardinginfluenza, influenza vaccination,and vaccination practicesin emergency departments in Gothenburg, Sweden. Method: This cross-sectional studyuseda self-administered questionnaire distributed tonurses, assistant nurses,and physiciansin three emergency departments atThe Sahlgrenska University Hospital in January–February2014. Results: Among214 participants, 56% were nurses, 27% assistant nurses,and 17% physicians. The response ratewas 77%. A total of 66 participants (31%)werevaccinated against influenza during the previous12 months.The highest vaccination coverage occurredin the oldestage group(56%;P&lt;0.05).Past vaccinationstrongly predicted future vaccinationbehavior (P&lt;0.001). Ourdata revealed nosignificant difference invaccination coverage betweenprofession, work experience, hospital,or gender. The mean knowledge score was higher among vaccinated vs. unvaccinated health care workers (17.9 ± 2.7vs.16.8 ± 2.6, respectively; P&lt; 0.05). Moreover, influenza risk perception was higher among participants who were vaccinated during the previous12 months compared to unvaccinated participants (P&lt; 0.001). Interestingly, more un vaccinated health care workers believed that personal behavior determines health (higher internal locus of control) compared to vaccinated workers(P&lt; 0.05). More than half of vaccinated health care workers stated that they got vaccinated to avoid influenza. Almost half of the unvaccinated workers voiced concern about vaccine side effects. Fourteen percent of all respondents mentioned patient protection as an important factor in their decision to receive influenza vaccination. Conclusion:This study demonstrates a need for improved knowledge about influenza and influenza vaccinationin health care workers. Increased risk perception of influenza can increase vaccination coverage in emergency department personnel,and may reduce the incidence of healthcare-associated influenza. / <p>ISBN 978-91-86739-77-5</p>

Railway suicide constitutes a limited but significant fraction of all suicides, and a majority of all railway-related deaths, in Sweden as well as in many other countries. The aim of this thesis is to develop the scientific basis for the prevention of railway suicide, with special regard to knowledge and strategies within the reach of the railway system owners themselves. An initial descriptive epidemiologic study showed that railway suicide episodes cluster in densely populated areas, and that victims often seem to await approaching trains for some time on or close to tracks before being hit. This means that preventive efforts can be prioritized to geographically limited areas and that there exists a time margin for early detection, forewarning, braking, rescuing, and the like. Secondly, a theoretical study was conducted in order to derive an overview of theoretically possible barriers aimed at preventing railway suicide. The approach is based on the comparison and synthesis of theories and models from suicidology and safety sciences applied to the railway suicide phenomenon. This led to a list of possible barriers, also intended as a checklist. This was followed by a multiple case study, where a number of authentic cases were analysed in-depth on the basis of investigation reports by the police and railway officials, plus complementary researcher observations from the actual sites of the suicide occurrences. The study revealed some deficiency in current investigation and reporting routines from a preventative viewpoint and indicated the potential for a broader and more systematic collection of prevention-relevant information in immediate connection with the events. Finally, a focus group study, involving safety practitioners from both the railway and other sectors, confirmed a general understanding and acceptance among practitioners of the theoretically derived principles, and a readiness to broaden the scope of railway safety to include approaches to prevent suicide. In conclusion, it should be possible to influence the occurrence of railway suicides by means available within the railway transport system itself. A spectrum of possible alternative barriers is identified, as well as an, as yet, underutilized potential in the form of more systematic data collection and learning routines from actual events. Last but not least, there is a readiness among practitioners to incorporate these principles in regular railway safety work.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-18T13:27:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017 / Introdução: A internacionalização do ensino tem sido vista como prioridade para muitas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) no cenário mundial. Significa uma série de atividades internacionais, tais como: mobilidade acadêmica de estudantes e docentes, parcerias para o desenvolvimento de projetos, criação de novos programas acadêmicos de pesquisas conjuntas. Entre as iniciativas de internacionalização encontra-se o Programa Ciência sem Fronteiras – CsF, regulamentado pelo Decreto n.º 7.642, de 13 de dezembro de 2011. Na UNIFESP este Programa apresenta um fluxo contínuo aos alunos de graduação, e dentro de suas áreas prioritárias, destacam-se as áreas das Ciências da Saúde e Biomédica, Farmacêutica, Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade que contemplam os Campi de São Paulo, Baixada Santista e Diadema. Objetivos: Investigar o processo de internacionalização dos estudantes de graduação da área da saúde no âmbito do Programa CsF. Analisar, especificamente, as razões que impulsionam os estudantes à realização de um intercâmbio internacional, identificar os principais obstáculos que o aluno da área da saúde encontra no processo de vivência proporcionado pelo intercâmbio, conhecer as contribuições e benefícios na visão desse aluno e mapear as sugestões dos estudantes participantes visando o aprimoramento do processo de internacionalização. Método: Com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa de caráter exploratório, o estudo foi realizado na UNIFESP com a participação de 94 estudantes da área da saúde dos Campi São Paulo, Diadema e Baixada Santista, que foram bolsistas do Programa entre 2011 a 2015, respeitando todos os preceitos éticos da pesquisa. O instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado na pesquisa foi composto de três partes: um formulário de informações sociodemográficas da população de estudo, uma escala atitudinal tipo Likert e duas questões abertas. As assertivas foram analisadas estatisticamente e as questões abertas foram submetidas à uma análise de conteúdo modalidade temática. Resultados: Os estudantes da UNIFESP que participam do Programa CSF já se apresentam proficientes na língua do país escolhido para o intercâmbio, mostram-se com ótimas expectativas frente à possibilidade de um intercâmbio internacional, idealizam várias possibilidades com a realização do intercâmbio (como, por exemplo, pensar em seu futuro profissional), a vivência em outro país, o tempo longe da família, entre outros fatores. A família é considerada muito importante na decisão de participar de um intercâmbio, bem como o fator financeiro. Os estudantes apontam dificuldades de comunicação com a SRI e com as informações divulgadas nos editais de seleção, alegando um alto custo de preparação com documentos para o intercâmbio. Enfatizam que as matérias cursadas no exterior necessitam ser incorporadas no histórico escolar dos estudantes. Ressaltam que o Programa proporciona um diferencial na sua vida profissional e sugerem o aprimoramento do processo de seleção de candidatos, por meio do estabelecimento de regras mais claras e com transparência de informações, melhorando o apoio antes do intercâmbio, durante a seleção, com o trâmite após seleção e para o seu retorno à UNIFESP. Conclusões: Os estudantes da área da saúde da UNIFESP apresentaram uma excelente expectativa em participar de um intercâmbio internacional pelo Programa CsF. Os obstáculos encontrados diante do processo de intercâmbio foi possível concluir que, 94% dos estudantes tiveram alguma dificuldade em localizar as informações do Programa disponíveis pela UNIFESP. E que mais de 95% dos estudantes os resultados do intercâmbio foi satisfatórios. Concluímos que algumas ações devam ser providenciadas para o bom desenvolvimento do processo como a redução da burocracia. Esta investigação não teve como pretensão esgotar esta temática tão relevante para o aprimoramento da formação dos estudantes brasileiros. Entendemos que a internacionalização e, especialmente, o Programa CsF necessitam de mais estudos com os quais esperamos contribuir com esta análise de internacionalização na Universidade Federal de São Paulo. / Introduction: The internationalization of education has been seen as a priority for many Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the world scenario. It means a series of international activities, such as academic mobility of students and teachers, partnerships for project development, creation of new academic joint research programs. Among the internationalization initiatives is the Science without Borders Program (CsF), regulated by Decree No. 7642, of December 13, 2011. At UNIFESP, this Program presents a continuous flow to undergraduate students and within their areas Priority areas, the areas of Health Sciences and Biomedical, Pharmaceutical, Biotechnology and Biodiversity that include Campi de São Paulo, Baixada Santista and Diadema stand out. Objectives: To investigate the internationalization process of undergraduate health students under the CsF Program. Analyze specifically, the reasons that motivate the students to carry out an international exchange, to identify the main obstacles that the student of the health area finds in the process of experience provided by the exchange, to know the contributions and benefits in the vision of that student and to map the suggestions of the students. Students to improve the internationalization process. Method: With a quantitative and qualitative exploratory approach, the study was conducted at UNIFESP with the participation of 94 students from the health area of Campi São Paulo, Diadema and Baixada Santista, who were scholarship holders of the Program between 2011 and 2015, respecting all the Ethical precepts of research. The data collection instrument used in the research was composed of three parts: a sociodemographic information form of the study population, a Likert-type attitudinal scale and two open questions. The assertions were analyzed statistically and the open questions were submitted to an analysis of content thematic modality. Results: UNIFESP students participating in the CSF Program are already proficient in the language of the country chosen for the exchange, they show great expectations regarding the possibility of an international exchange, idealizes several possibilities with the exchange (such as thinking about their professional future), the experience, in another country, time away from family, among other factors. The family is considered very important in the decision to participate in an exchange as well as the financial factor. The students report difficulties in communicating with SRI and the information disclosed in the selection bids, alleging a high cost of preparation with documents for the exchange. Emphasize that the subjects taken abroad need to be incorporated into the students' academic records. They emphasize that the program provides a differential in their professional life and suggests the improvement of the process of candidate selection, establishing clearer and more transparent rules of information, improving support before the exchange, during selection, after-selection and for His return to UNIFESP. Conclusions: The UNIFESP health students had an excellent expectation of participating in an international exchange through the CsF Program. The obstacles encountered in the exchange process allowed us to conclude that, 94% of the students had some difficulty in locating the information of the Program available by UNIFESP. And that more than 95% of the students the results of the exchange was satisfactory. We conclude that some actions should be provided for the good development of the process as the reduction of bureaucracy. This research did not pretend to exhaust this theme so relevant to the improvement of the Brazilian students' education. We understand that internationalization and especially the CsF Program require more studies with which we hope to contribute with this internationalization analysis at the Federal University of São Paulo.

This is a study of the relationship between consumer credit scoring and the resolution of a patient's account for hospital services. Accounts studied were classified as Good accounts or Bad accounts based upon their final resolution. Bad accounts were those written-off to bad debt with Good accounts being all others. The probability of predicting a patient's account being either Good or Bad was based upon a consumer credit scoring process. The null hypothesis of this study was that the consumer credit scoring process would not provide any indication about the outcome or resolution of the account. Analysis of the credit score and the outcome of the hospital account suggested the consumer credit score would indicate the patient's reliability in taking responsibility for the account. Based on the confidence given to credit scoring in consumer markets and the results of this study, the consumer credit score would have value for the health care industry.

This pilot study examined the feasibility of computer aided instruction (CAI) as supplemental interactive nutrition education for patients requiring chronic dialysis. The CAI prototype was developed using Gagne's Model of Instructional Design and the Theory of Planned Behavior. Forty-two patients were enlisted from a chronic dialysis clinic and assigned randomly to either treatment or comparison group. All subjects completed pre- and post-test questionnaires regarding their phosphorus-rich food consumption habits. Each group received the usual phosphorus control education adjunct to the monthly lab review. The experimental group also received supplemental education by CAI. Serum phosphorus lab results were assessed for change after use of the CAI. Near significance was observed between the study group's phosphorus lab results difference means, t = 1.79, df= 40, p = .08. Comparison of pre-test and post-test data assessed changes in the dependent variables, attitude, perceived control, intent and behavior. The differences for the behavioral dependent variables means were not significant as determined by t-tests. The CAI was well accepted (m = 1.47 ± 0.95) by the subjects without respect to gender or age. Interactive CAI nutrition education was acceptable. Replication with a larger sample would allow opportunity to determine the significance of differences.