Esta pesquisa teve como principal objetivo analisar o impacto de dois diferentes programas de intervenção em educação física escolar na aptidão física relacionada à saúde de escolares de uma escola municipal de Campo Bom-RS. Trata-se de uma pesquisa avaliativa de abordagem quantitativa, realizada com 44 adolescentes provenientes de duas turmas de 7° ano de uma escola municipal de Campo Bom-RS. As turmas foram alocadas em Grupo I e Grupo II por meio de sorteio, sendo Grupo I a turma que foi submetida ao programa de intervenção I (ênfase em atividades de formação corporal através de exercícios funcionais) e Grupo II a turma que foi submetida ao programa de intervenção II (ênfase na prática desportiva) durante um trimestre escolar. A aptidão física relacionada à saúde foi avaliada mediante uma bateria de testes, propostas pelo Projeto Esporte-Brasil, sendo: teste de sentar e alcançar - para avaliar a flexibilidade; teste máximo de repetições realizadas em um minuto - para avaliar a força/resistência abdominal e teste de corrida/caminhada de 6 minutos - para avaliar a resistência cardiorrespiratória. Para o tratamento dos dados foi realizada uma análise de cunho descritivo por meio de Medidas de Dimensão do Efeito com escalas nominais dicotômicas, sendo zona de risco e zona saudável da aptidão física relacionada à saúde, classificação realizada pelo Projeto Esporte Brasil. Os resultados indicaram que na análise estratificada por sexo, o programa de intervenção I causou maiores efeitos na força/resistência abdominal e na flexibilidade, nas meninas, e na força/resistência abdominal nos meninos, enquanto o programa de intervenção II, o efeito maior foi na resistência cardiorrespiratória, nos meninos, e na flexibilidade e na resistência cardiorrespiratória nas meninas. Na análise por grupos constatamos que as aulas com conteúdos de exercícios de formação corporal através de exercícios funcionais (programa de intervenção I) causaram maiores efeitos positivos nas variáveis de força/resistência abdominal e flexibilidade enquanto nas aulas com conteúdos esportivos (programa de intervenção II) os efeitos maiores foram verificados na variável capacidade cardiorrespiratória. A partir dos resultados encontrados, concluímos que houve efeitos positivos dos programas de intervenção nas variáveis da aptidão física relacionada à saúde, ainda que tenham sido pequenos. O programa de intervenção I causou maiores efeitos na flexibilidade e força/resistência abdominal e o programa de intervenção II causou um efeito maior na resistência cardiorrespiratória. / This research aimed to analyze the impact of two different intervention physical education programs in health-related physical fitness of students of a municipal school Campo Bom-RS. It is an evaluative research with a quantitative approach, conducted with 44 adolescents from two classes of 7th year of a municipal school in Campo Bom–RS. The classes were divided into Group I and Group II by lot, and Group I class that was submitted to the physical education program I (emphasis functional exercises) and Group II class that was submitted to the Physical Education Program II (emphasis on sports) for a school quarter. The health-related physical fitness was assessed by a battery of tests proposed by the Projeto Esporte Brasil, as follows: sit and reach test - to assess the flexibility; 1-minute abdominal test - to evaluate the abdominal strength/endurance and 6 minute run/walk test - to assess cardiorespiratory fitness. About the treatment of data was performed one descriptive matrix analysis by Effect Dimension measures with dichotomous nominal scales, as follow risk zone and healthy zone of health-related physical fitness, classification carried out by the Projeto Esporte Brasil. The results indicated that in the stratified analysis by sex, Physical Education Program I caused major effects on abdominal strength/endurance and flexibility in girls, and abdominal strength/endurance in boys, while the Physical Education Program II, the greatest effect was in cardiorespiratory fitness in boys and flexibility and cardiorespiratory fitness in girls. In the analysis by groups found that classes with functional exercises (Physical Education Program I) caused major positive effects on variables abdominal strength/endurance and flexibility while in class with sports (Physical Education Program II) the greatest effects were observed in the variable cardiorespiratory fitness. From these results, we conclude that there were positive effects of Intervention Programs in health-related physical fitness variables, even though they were small. The Physical Education Program I caused greater effects on flexibility and abdominal strength/endurance and the Physical Education Program II caused a greater effect on cardiorespiratory fitness.

O estudo das relações entre níveis de aptidão física relacionada à saúde e a ocorrência de dores nas costas e alterações posturais em adolescentes é importante, pois permite o estabelecimento de critérios de saúde. Sendo assim, o objetivo geral deste estudo é verificar a associação entre a ocorrência de dor e alteração postural da coluna lombar e os níveis de aptidão física relacionada à saúde em adolescentes de 10 a 16 anos de idade. A amostra foi composta por 467 adolescentes (260 meninos e 207 meninas) de 10 a 16 anos de idade, provenientes de uma escola da cidade de Porto Alegre. A definição da amostra foi por critério de conveniência. O estudo é do tipo correlacional e preditivo, com delineamento transversal. Os componentes da aptidão física relacionada à saúde analisados foram a flexibilidade (sentar-e-alcançar) e a força/resistência abdominal (número de abdominais em um minuto – sit up´s). A avaliação da dor lombar foi realizada através de questionário e a postura da coluna lombar verificada através de fotografias, a partir da marcação de pontos de referência. Foram realizados testes de encurtamento muscular (isquiotibiais e flexores de quadril - através de goniometria), de flexibilidade lombar (teste de Schober modificado), medidas antropométricas (peso e estatura) e calculado o IMC. Para a descrição dos dados foi utilizado a freqüência de ocorrência. Para as associações entre as variáveis categóricas foi utilizado e teste qui-quadrado e para predizer as variáveis dependentes dor lombar e alteração postural da coluna lombar foi utilizado a regressão logística binária, com método enter. Para todas as análises estatísticas foi utilizado o programa SPSS for Windows 13.0 e adotado o nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados demonstraram que houve elevada prevalência de hiperlordose lombar (78%) e de dor lombar (54,2%) na amostra estudada e a ocorrência de ambas se associaram ao sexo feminino. Não houve associação entre a ocorrência de dor e alteração postural da coluna lombar. As variáveis capazes de predizer a ocorrência de alteração postural da coluna lombar foram sexo, mobilidade lombar, força/resistência abdominal, postura da coluna cervical, flexibilidade e estatura. Quanto à ocorrência de dor lombar, as variáveis capazes de predizê-la foram sexo, idade e flexibilidade. Considerando os resultados encontrados e, a partir dos modelos preditivos formulados, verificamos que as variáveis força/resistência abdominal e flexibilidade, amplamente utilizadas e referenciadas à saúde osteomuscular, associam-se, quando abaixo dos pontos de corte estabelecidos, à maior ocorrência de dor e alteração postural da coluna lombar. / The relationship between health related physical fitness and low back pain occurrence and posture assessment study during adolescence is important, because allows to establish health criteria. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between low back pain and low back posture with health related physical fitness in adolescents aged 10 to 16 years old. This cross sectional study with correlation and predictive technique comprised a sample of 260 boys and 207 girls, which were selected by convenience criterion. Health related physical fitness components analyzed were flexibility (sit and reach test) and abdominal strength (sit up test). Low back pain was evaluated through a questionnaire and the low back posture assessed by photographs with reference marks. Hip extension and hamstrings flexibility was measured by goniometer and sagittal lumbar mobility was assessed by Schober´s modified technique. Body height and weight were measured, and BMI was calculated. Data description was made through frequency of occurrence and quisquare test was used to evaluate categorical variables association. Binary logistic regression was used to predict low back pain and increased lumbar lordosis occurrence. All statistic analyzes were made at SPSS 13.0 statistic program for Windows with the significance level of 5%. The results showed high lumbar hyperlordosis prevalence (78%) and high low back pain prevalence (54,2%). Those occurrences was associated with female gender. There was no association between low back pain and increased lumbar lordosis. The predictive variables for low back posture deviation were gender, sagittal lumbar mobility, abdominal strength, flexibility and height. Variables gender, age and flexibility have shown to be predictive to the occurrence of low back pain. In conclusion, abdominal strength and flexibility, widely used as health related physical fitness, were associated, when bellow cut off points recommended with low back pain and hyperlordosis occurrence.

Esta pesquisa teve como principal objetivo analisar o impacto de dois diferentes programas de intervenção em educação física escolar na aptidão física relacionada à saúde de escolares de uma escola municipal de Campo Bom-RS. Trata-se de uma pesquisa avaliativa de abordagem quantitativa, realizada com 44 adolescentes provenientes de duas turmas de 7° ano de uma escola municipal de Campo Bom-RS. As turmas foram alocadas em Grupo I e Grupo II por meio de sorteio, sendo Grupo I a turma que foi submetida ao programa de intervenção I (ênfase em atividades de formação corporal através de exercícios funcionais) e Grupo II a turma que foi submetida ao programa de intervenção II (ênfase na prática desportiva) durante um trimestre escolar. A aptidão física relacionada à saúde foi avaliada mediante uma bateria de testes, propostas pelo Projeto Esporte-Brasil, sendo: teste de sentar e alcançar - para avaliar a flexibilidade; teste máximo de repetições realizadas em um minuto - para avaliar a força/resistência abdominal e teste de corrida/caminhada de 6 minutos - para avaliar a resistência cardiorrespiratória. Para o tratamento dos dados foi realizada uma análise de cunho descritivo por meio de Medidas de Dimensão do Efeito com escalas nominais dicotômicas, sendo zona de risco e zona saudável da aptidão física relacionada à saúde, classificação realizada pelo Projeto Esporte Brasil. Os resultados indicaram que na análise estratificada por sexo, o programa de intervenção I causou maiores efeitos na força/resistência abdominal e na flexibilidade, nas meninas, e na força/resistência abdominal nos meninos, enquanto o programa de intervenção II, o efeito maior foi na resistência cardiorrespiratória, nos meninos, e na flexibilidade e na resistência cardiorrespiratória nas meninas. Na análise por grupos constatamos que as aulas com conteúdos de exercícios de formação corporal através de exercícios funcionais (programa de intervenção I) causaram maiores efeitos positivos nas variáveis de força/resistência abdominal e flexibilidade enquanto nas aulas com conteúdos esportivos (programa de intervenção II) os efeitos maiores foram verificados na variável capacidade cardiorrespiratória. A partir dos resultados encontrados, concluímos que houve efeitos positivos dos programas de intervenção nas variáveis da aptidão física relacionada à saúde, ainda que tenham sido pequenos. O programa de intervenção I causou maiores efeitos na flexibilidade e força/resistência abdominal e o programa de intervenção II causou um efeito maior na resistência cardiorrespiratória. / This research aimed to analyze the impact of two different intervention physical education programs in health-related physical fitness of students of a municipal school Campo Bom-RS. It is an evaluative research with a quantitative approach, conducted with 44 adolescents from two classes of 7th year of a municipal school in Campo Bom–RS. The classes were divided into Group I and Group II by lot, and Group I class that was submitted to the physical education program I (emphasis functional exercises) and Group II class that was submitted to the Physical Education Program II (emphasis on sports) for a school quarter. The health-related physical fitness was assessed by a battery of tests proposed by the Projeto Esporte Brasil, as follows: sit and reach test - to assess the flexibility; 1-minute abdominal test - to evaluate the abdominal strength/endurance and 6 minute run/walk test - to assess cardiorespiratory fitness. About the treatment of data was performed one descriptive matrix analysis by Effect Dimension measures with dichotomous nominal scales, as follow risk zone and healthy zone of health-related physical fitness, classification carried out by the Projeto Esporte Brasil. The results indicated that in the stratified analysis by sex, Physical Education Program I caused major effects on abdominal strength/endurance and flexibility in girls, and abdominal strength/endurance in boys, while the Physical Education Program II, the greatest effect was in cardiorespiratory fitness in boys and flexibility and cardiorespiratory fitness in girls. In the analysis by groups found that classes with functional exercises (Physical Education Program I) caused major positive effects on variables abdominal strength/endurance and flexibility while in class with sports (Physical Education Program II) the greatest effects were observed in the variable cardiorespiratory fitness. From these results, we conclude that there were positive effects of Intervention Programs in health-related physical fitness variables, even though they were small. The Physical Education Program I caused greater effects on flexibility and abdominal strength/endurance and the Physical Education Program II caused a greater effect on cardiorespiratory fitness.

O estudo das relações entre níveis de aptidão física relacionada à saúde e a ocorrência de dores nas costas e alterações posturais em adolescentes é importante, pois permite o estabelecimento de critérios de saúde. Sendo assim, o objetivo geral deste estudo é verificar a associação entre a ocorrência de dor e alteração postural da coluna lombar e os níveis de aptidão física relacionada à saúde em adolescentes de 10 a 16 anos de idade. A amostra foi composta por 467 adolescentes (260 meninos e 207 meninas) de 10 a 16 anos de idade, provenientes de uma escola da cidade de Porto Alegre. A definição da amostra foi por critério de conveniência. O estudo é do tipo correlacional e preditivo, com delineamento transversal. Os componentes da aptidão física relacionada à saúde analisados foram a flexibilidade (sentar-e-alcançar) e a força/resistência abdominal (número de abdominais em um minuto – sit up´s). A avaliação da dor lombar foi realizada através de questionário e a postura da coluna lombar verificada através de fotografias, a partir da marcação de pontos de referência. Foram realizados testes de encurtamento muscular (isquiotibiais e flexores de quadril - através de goniometria), de flexibilidade lombar (teste de Schober modificado), medidas antropométricas (peso e estatura) e calculado o IMC. Para a descrição dos dados foi utilizado a freqüência de ocorrência. Para as associações entre as variáveis categóricas foi utilizado e teste qui-quadrado e para predizer as variáveis dependentes dor lombar e alteração postural da coluna lombar foi utilizado a regressão logística binária, com método enter. Para todas as análises estatísticas foi utilizado o programa SPSS for Windows 13.0 e adotado o nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados demonstraram que houve elevada prevalência de hiperlordose lombar (78%) e de dor lombar (54,2%) na amostra estudada e a ocorrência de ambas se associaram ao sexo feminino. Não houve associação entre a ocorrência de dor e alteração postural da coluna lombar. As variáveis capazes de predizer a ocorrência de alteração postural da coluna lombar foram sexo, mobilidade lombar, força/resistência abdominal, postura da coluna cervical, flexibilidade e estatura. Quanto à ocorrência de dor lombar, as variáveis capazes de predizê-la foram sexo, idade e flexibilidade. Considerando os resultados encontrados e, a partir dos modelos preditivos formulados, verificamos que as variáveis força/resistência abdominal e flexibilidade, amplamente utilizadas e referenciadas à saúde osteomuscular, associam-se, quando abaixo dos pontos de corte estabelecidos, à maior ocorrência de dor e alteração postural da coluna lombar. / The relationship between health related physical fitness and low back pain occurrence and posture assessment study during adolescence is important, because allows to establish health criteria. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between low back pain and low back posture with health related physical fitness in adolescents aged 10 to 16 years old. This cross sectional study with correlation and predictive technique comprised a sample of 260 boys and 207 girls, which were selected by convenience criterion. Health related physical fitness components analyzed were flexibility (sit and reach test) and abdominal strength (sit up test). Low back pain was evaluated through a questionnaire and the low back posture assessed by photographs with reference marks. Hip extension and hamstrings flexibility was measured by goniometer and sagittal lumbar mobility was assessed by Schober´s modified technique. Body height and weight were measured, and BMI was calculated. Data description was made through frequency of occurrence and quisquare test was used to evaluate categorical variables association. Binary logistic regression was used to predict low back pain and increased lumbar lordosis occurrence. All statistic analyzes were made at SPSS 13.0 statistic program for Windows with the significance level of 5%. The results showed high lumbar hyperlordosis prevalence (78%) and high low back pain prevalence (54,2%). Those occurrences was associated with female gender. There was no association between low back pain and increased lumbar lordosis. The predictive variables for low back posture deviation were gender, sagittal lumbar mobility, abdominal strength, flexibility and height. Variables gender, age and flexibility have shown to be predictive to the occurrence of low back pain. In conclusion, abdominal strength and flexibility, widely used as health related physical fitness, were associated, when bellow cut off points recommended with low back pain and hyperlordosis occurrence.

Obesity and physical inactivity (PI) are major health problems world-wide, and leading contributors to the high incidence of overweight, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in children both globally and in South Africa in particular. Despite the importance of physical activity (PA), health-related physical fitness (HRPF) and body composition to health, very few studies have investigated the longitudinal relationship between these variables in children. Three articles based on this research were written in which a total of 283 adolescent learners (111 boys and 172 girls) with a mean age of 14.90±0.72 years from the Physical Activity and Health Longitudinal Study (PAHLS) participated. The students’ physical characteristics were measured using the protocol of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK); the EUROFIT test protocol and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used to assess the children’s HRPF and PA levels, respectively. In the first article, the results showed that girls had a slightly higher significant BMI (21.43±4.37 kg/m²) than the boys (20.01±3.71kg/m²) (p=0.002), and were substantially more overweight (32.4%) and fatter (%body fat=26.01±8.51) than the boys (17.1%)). A total of 85 (30%), 78 (27.5%) and 88 (31.1%) of the students had low, moderate and high PA involvement. It was concluded that girls were more overweight and less active than boys. The second article examined the relationships between body composition, health-related fitness and PA. Inverse relationships were found between BMI and the health-related fitness items of SBJ and BAH. Furthermore, BMI negatively associated with SAR and endurance performance, especially in girls. Percentage body fat was negatively related to SBJ, BAH, SAR and endurance performance. The aim of the third article was to evaluate the longitudinal development of HRPF, anthropometry and body composition status among the children. Regression coefficients showed that changes in BMI were inversely associated with those in health-related physical fitness. The changes in %BF were negatively associated with SBJ, BAH and aerobic capacity (VO2max) in the boys and girls. The results also yielded a low significantly positive association between changes in WHtR and SBJ in both genders, while low inverse associations were found between WHtR and BAH in girls, and VO2max in both genders. It is concluded that the incidence of overweight and PI was especially high in girls and excessive fatness negatively affected the girls’ fitness performances. Changes in BMI, % body fat and WHtR were negatively related with the children’s strength and running performances, especially among the girls in which the relative increase in overweight negatively affected their endurance running and static strength performances. In view of the health implications of the findings, it is necessary to create an enabling environment and opportunities to promote physically active lifestyles and develop life-long positive attitudes towards PA among students. Community-based strategies targeted at facilitating sustainable PA intervention programmes in schools are recommended. / PhD (Human Movement Science), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Obesity and physical inactivity (PI) are major health problems world-wide, and leading contributors to the high incidence of overweight, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in children both globally and in South Africa in particular. Despite the importance of physical activity (PA), health-related physical fitness (HRPF) and body composition to health, very few studies have investigated the longitudinal relationship between these variables in children. Three articles based on this research were written in which a total of 283 adolescent learners (111 boys and 172 girls) with a mean age of 14.90±0.72 years from the Physical Activity and Health Longitudinal Study (PAHLS) participated. The students’ physical characteristics were measured using the protocol of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK); the EUROFIT test protocol and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used to assess the children’s HRPF and PA levels, respectively. In the first article, the results showed that girls had a slightly higher significant BMI (21.43±4.37 kg/m²) than the boys (20.01±3.71kg/m²) (p=0.002), and were substantially more overweight (32.4%) and fatter (%body fat=26.01±8.51) than the boys (17.1%)). A total of 85 (30%), 78 (27.5%) and 88 (31.1%) of the students had low, moderate and high PA involvement. It was concluded that girls were more overweight and less active than boys. The second article examined the relationships between body composition, health-related fitness and PA. Inverse relationships were found between BMI and the health-related fitness items of SBJ and BAH. Furthermore, BMI negatively associated with SAR and endurance performance, especially in girls. Percentage body fat was negatively related to SBJ, BAH, SAR and endurance performance. The aim of the third article was to evaluate the longitudinal development of HRPF, anthropometry and body composition status among the children. Regression coefficients showed that changes in BMI were inversely associated with those in health-related physical fitness. The changes in %BF were negatively associated with SBJ, BAH and aerobic capacity (VO2max) in the boys and girls. The results also yielded a low significantly positive association between changes in WHtR and SBJ in both genders, while low inverse associations were found between WHtR and BAH in girls, and VO2max in both genders. It is concluded that the incidence of overweight and PI was especially high in girls and excessive fatness negatively affected the girls’ fitness performances. Changes in BMI, % body fat and WHtR were negatively related with the children’s strength and running performances, especially among the girls in which the relative increase in overweight negatively affected their endurance running and static strength performances. In view of the health implications of the findings, it is necessary to create an enabling environment and opportunities to promote physically active lifestyles and develop life-long positive attitudes towards PA among students. Community-based strategies targeted at facilitating sustainable PA intervention programmes in schools are recommended. / PhD (Human Movement Science), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:49:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ribeiro_pab_me_rcla.pdf: 730907 bytes, checksum: c4b0c64a8d54c7184bf1b7c74ea8ea7f (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Atualmente avaliação da aptidão física constitui importante ferramenta para prevenção e detecção de problemas físicos que podem interferir na autonomia e independência nas atividades da vida diária. Parâmetros de aptidão física estão direta e indiretamente relacionados com indicadores de saúde como atividade física habitual, qualidade de vida e avaliação antropométrica. O modelo de potência crítica nos fornece, de forma simples e não invasiva, dois parâmetros físicos, um aeróbio e outro anaeróbio. Este tem sido classicamente utilizado para descrever desempenho em atletas e não foi validado a testes não exaustivos, o que ampliaria sua aplicabilidade a populações com contra-indicação a testes máximos. Dois objetivos nortearam esse estudo. 1) Examinar se os testes de caminhada com intensidade autoselecionada fornecem estimativas confiáveis dos parâmetros do modelo e consistentes com a predição do modelo. 2) Examinar a relação entre os parâmetros do modelo da velocidade crítica com indicadores de atividade física relacionada à saúde. Um total de 39 indivíduos (32 a 80 anos) realizaram: 1) testes de caminhada de 3, 6 ou 9 minutos, ou até a exaustão em ritmo préfixado, para a determinação da velocidade crítica de caminhada (VCC) e capacidade de caminhada anaeróbia (CCA), 2) teste de caminhada na VCC e superior; 3) avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde; 4) testes de aptidão física relacionada à saúde; 5) monitoramento da atividade física habitual (pedometria). Os resultados demonstraram bons ajustes do modelo aos testes de caminhada... / Evaluation of physical fitness is an important tool to detect and prevent physical disabilities, which can impair the autonomy and the daily life activities. Components of physical fitness are related to health indexes much as physical activity, quality of life and anthropometrics measures. The critical power model provide two physical parameters (aerobic and anaerobic) in an easy and non-invasive way. Even it has been used to describe performance in athletes, it still has not validated to non-exhausted tests, which could be usefull to apply to people with contraindication on exhaustive tests. Two main objectives conducted this study: 1) To exam if self-paced walk tests could estimated reliable parameters of critical power and in accordance to prediction of the model; 2) To exam the relationship between the parameters provided by the critical power model with health related physical activity indexes. A total of 39 volunteers performed: 1) walking tests of 3, 6, or 9 minutes, or until exhaustion in a pre-determined pace. These tests aimed to determine the critical walking velocity (CWV) and the anaerobic walking capacity (AWC); 2) walking tests at and above CWV; 3) health related quality of life assessment; 4) health related physical fitness tests, and; 5) monitoring of habitual physical activity (by pedometers). The results showed good agreement of self-selected walking speed tests to the model (r2 = 0,996 + 0,005), and no difference between the strategies of data collection was detected. The test-retest intraclass... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

<p>На узорку од 258 испитаника предшколског узраста (5-7 година) спроведено је<br />истраживање са циљем да се испитају ефекти свакодневног физичког васпитања на<br />развој моторичких вештина и физичке форме повезане са здрављем. Истраживање је<br />спроведено у предшколској установи &bdquo;Вера Гуцуња&ldquo; из Сомбора, а узорак је подељен на<br />експерименталну (N=125 - 48.45%) и контролну групу (N=133 - 51.55%). Просечна<br />старост деце на иницијалном мерењу је била 6.07&plusmn;0.42 година, при чему је просечан<br />узраст за експерименталне групе 6.05&plusmn;0.43 година, а за контролне групе 6.10&plusmn;0.40<br />година. Експериментална група је била укључена у иновативан програм физичког<br />васпитања који је трајао шест месеци, док је контролна група реализовала стандардни<br />програм предвиђен годишњим планом установе.<br />Батерије тестова које су примењене за испитивање ефеката експерименталног програма<br />након шест месеци вежбања су: КТК тест за процену опште координације тела, ТГМД-2<br />батерија тестова за процену локомоторних и манипулативних вештина и PREFIT<br />батерија тестова за процену физичке форме повезане са здрављем.<br />Након примене шестомесечног програма дошло се до закључка да је експериментална<br />група знатно побољшала квалитет моторичких вештина, ниво координације и унапредила<br />физичку форму повезану са здрављем, те да постоји већи напредак у односу на<br />контролну групу. На основу резултата истраживања може се закључити да је<br />свакодневно организовано физичко васпитање неопходно за побољшање моторичког<br />развоја и унапређење физичке форме повезане са здрављем предшколске деце као важан<br />фактор превенције и лечења прекомерно ухрањене и гојазне деце, а такође и смањења<br />потенцијалних кардиоваскуларних и метаболичких болести у каснијем животу.</p> / <p>Na uzorku od 258 ispitanika predškolskog uzrasta (5-7 godina) sprovedeno je<br />istraživanje sa ciljem da se ispitaju efekti svakodnevnog fizičkog vaspitanja na<br />razvoj motoričkih veština i fizičke forme povezane sa zdravljem. Istraživanje je<br />sprovedeno u predškolskoj ustanovi &bdquo;Vera Gucunja&ldquo; iz Sombora, a uzorak je podeljen na<br />eksperimentalnu (N=125 - 48.45%) i kontrolnu grupu (N=133 - 51.55%). Prosečna<br />starost dece na inicijalnom merenju je bila 6.07&plusmn;0.42 godina, pri čemu je prosečan<br />uzrast za eksperimentalne grupe 6.05&plusmn;0.43 godina, a za kontrolne grupe 6.10&plusmn;0.40<br />godina. Eksperimentalna grupa je bila uključena u inovativan program fizičkog<br />vaspitanja koji je trajao šest meseci, dok je kontrolna grupa realizovala standardni<br />program predviđen godišnjim planom ustanove.<br />Baterije testova koje su primenjene za ispitivanje efekata eksperimentalnog programa<br />nakon šest meseci vežbanja su: KTK test za procenu opšte koordinacije tela, TGMD-2<br />baterija testova za procenu lokomotornih i manipulativnih veština i PREFIT<br />baterija testova za procenu fizičke forme povezane sa zdravljem.<br />Nakon primene šestomesečnog programa došlo se do zaključka da je eksperimentalna<br />grupa znatno poboljšala kvalitet motoričkih veština, nivo koordinacije i unapredila<br />fizičku formu povezanu sa zdravljem, te da postoji veći napredak u odnosu na<br />kontrolnu grupu. Na osnovu rezultata istraživanja može se zaključiti da je<br />svakodnevno organizovano fizičko vaspitanje neophodno za poboljšanje motoričkog<br />razvoja i unapređenje fizičke forme povezane sa zdravljem predškolske dece kao važan<br />faktor prevencije i lečenja prekomerno uhranjene i gojazne dece, a takođe i smanjenja<br />potencijalnih kardiovaskularnih i metaboličkih bolesti u kasnijem životu.</p> / <p>The current study was conducted to examine the effects of implementation of physical<br />education on daily basis on the development of motor skills and health-related physical fitness<br />of 258 preschool children (5-7 years old). The study was carried out at the &ldquo;Vera Gucunja&rdquo;<br />preschool in Sombor, and the sample was divided into experimental (N = 125 - 48.45%) and<br />control group (N = 133 - 51.55%). The mean age of children at the initial measurement was<br />6.07 &plusmn; 0.42 years, with the mean age of the experimental group being 6.05 &plusmn; 0.43 years and the<br />control group 6.10 &plusmn; 0.40 years. The experimental group was involved in an innovative physical<br />education program, which lasted for six months, while the control group implemented the<br />standardized program provided in the institution&#39;s annual plan.<br />To test the changes that occurred after six months, we used the following test batteries: the<br />KTK Test- K&ouml;rperkoordinations test f&uuml;r Kinder, the TGMD-2- The Test of Gross Motor<br />Development, and the PREFIT battery tests used for estimation of health-related physical form<br />in children.<br />After applying the 6-months program, we came to the conclusion that the experimental group<br />has significantly improved the elements of motor skills, coordination and health-related<br />physical fitness. Based on the results, it can be concluded that this group has achieved greater<br />improvement than the control group. The findings also suggest that daily organized physical<br />education is necessary for improving motor development and physical fitness associated with<br />health of young children. Exercising daily is an important factor in prevention and treatment of<br />overweight and obese children, as well as in reducing potential cardiovascular and metabolic<br />diseases in later life.</p>

Submitted by Kelson Anthony de Menezes (kelson@ucb.br) on 2017-03-09T13:15:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NoribertoBarbosadaSilvaTese2016.pdf: 1669821 bytes, checksum: 87c9c73295ea1f195b7430a914ec0f3b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-09T13:15:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NoribertoBarbosadaSilvaTese2016.pdf: 1669821 bytes, checksum: 87c9c73295ea1f195b7430a914ec0f3b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-06 / Introduction: Technological evolutions in the modern world have caused significant changes in the way children and adolescents perform their amusements and leisure, leading to a reduction in the level of physical activity and impairing the formation of healthy habits. There is evidence that the level of physical fitness of children and adolescents has declined over time. In this sense studies that verify the secular trend of growth and physical fitness gain importance. Objective: to analyze, through a secular tendency, changes occurred in parameters of physical fitness related to health in schoolchildren from 7 to 12 years of age in the city of Taguatinga- DF, from 1992 to 2015. Materials and Methods: The study addresses With a sample of 2,281students (1,114 males and 1,167 females), from 2001 to 2005 (years 2000) with 774 students (348 boys and 426 girls) and Year of 2015 with 370 students (187 boys and 183 girls), totaling 3,425 students (1649 boys and 1,776 girls). Body mass and height were obtained, which gave rise to the body mass index, tricipital and subscapular skinfolds, with which the percentage of fat was calculated, in addition to agility, flexibility, lower limb strength and sexual maturation. Means, deviations and frequency were analyzed. Normality was verified with Shapiro Wilks and Kolmogorov-Smirnov. In addition to the analysis of variance in case of normality and Kruskal Wallis where there was no normality. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Catholic University of Brasilia under number 1,086,406. Results: Body mass, height, body mass index and fat percentage of boys and girls presented significant differences when we compared the three moments of the study. These variables showed a positive secular trend, mainly when we compare the years 1990 and the year 2015. The results also show that when compared with reference tables for ages and sex the majority are classified in unsatisfactory levels. The variables flexibility and horizontal jump presented a seculartendency negative, demonstrating a worsening of results over time. There was also worsening in the variable agility that presented a positive secular tendency. It was found that the boys in the sample are initiating the process of sexual maturation earlier than the girls. The boys presented better performance in all stages of sexual maturation, except for the variable flexibility, where the girls were better. Conclusions: In a qualitative analysis, the results of the secular trend of both physical growth and motor performance of boys and girls presented worse results when we compared the first moment of the study (1990s) with the present moment (2015). It is suggested a great attention to the objectives of the Physical Education classes at the Public School and a pedagogical supervision to the teachers who teach this discipline. / Introdu????o: As evolu????es tecnol??gicas ocorridas no mundo moderno provocaram mudan??as significativas na forma como crian??as e adolescentes realizam suas divers??es e lazer, levandoos ?? diminui????o do n??vel de atividade f??sica e prejudicando a forma????o de h??bitos saud??veis. H?? evid??ncias que o n??vel de aptid??o f??sica das crian??as e dos adolescentes tem diminu??do com o tempo. Neste sentido estudos que verifiquem a tend??ncia secular do crescimento e da aptid??o f??sica ganham import??ncia. Objetivo: analisar, por meio de tend??ncia secular, modifica????es ocorridas em par??metros da aptid??o f??sica relacionada ?? sa??de em escolares de 07 a 12 anos de idade na cidade de Taguatinga-DF, no per??odo de 1992 a 2015. Materiais e M??todos: O estudo aborda tr??s momentos distintos, de 1992 a 1995 (anos 1990) com uma amostra de 2.281 alunos(1.114 do sexo masculino e 1,167 do sexo feminino), de 2001 a 2005 (anos 2000) com 774 alunos (348 meninos e 426 meninas) e do ano de 2015 com 370 alunos (187 meninos e 183 meninas), totalizando 3.425 alunos (1649 meninos e 1.776 meninas). Foram coletados massa corporal e estatura, que deram origem ao ??ndice de massa corporal, dobras cut??neas tricipital e subescapular, com as quais foi calculado o percentual de gordura, al??m da agilidade, flexibilidade, for??a de membros inferiores e matura????o sexual. Foram analisadas m??dias, desvios e frequ??ncia. A normalidade foi verificada com Shapiro Wilks e Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Al??m da an??lise de vari??ncia em caso de normalidade e Kruskal Wallis onde n??o houve normalidade. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit?? de ??tica da Universidade Cat??lica de Bras??lia sob o n??mero 1.086.406. Resultados: A massa corporal, a estatura, o indice de massa corporale o percentual de gordura dos meninos e das meninas apresentaram diferen??as significativas quando comparamos os tr??s momentos do estudo. Estas variaveis apresentaram tend??ncia secular positiva, principalemtne quando comparamos os anos 1990 e o ano de 2015. Os resultados tamb??m mostram que quando comparados com tabelas referenciais para as idades e sexo a maioria est??o classificados em niveis insatisfat??rios. As vari??veis flexibilidade e salto horizontal apresentaram tendencia secular negativa, demonstrando uma piora de resultados ao longo do tempo. Tamb??m houve piora na variavel agilidade que apresentou tendencia secular positiva. Verificou-se que os meninos da amostra est??o iniciando mais cedo o processo de matura????o sexual do que as meninas. Os meninos apresentaram melhor desempenho em todos os est??gios de matura????o sexual, exceto para a variavel flexibilidade, onde as meninas foram melhores. Conclus??es: Numa an??lise qualitativa, os resultados de tendencia secular tanto de crescimento f??sico quanto de desempenho motor dos meninos e meninas apresentaram resultados piores quando comparamos o primeiro momento do estudo (anos 1990) com o momento atual (2015). Sugere-se uma aten????o muito grande aos objetivos das aulas de Educa????o F??sica a Escola P??blica e uma supervis??o pedag??gica aos professores que ministram esta disciplina.

UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE FAKULTA TĚLESNÉ VÝCHOVY A SPORTU The effect of physical activity and nutrition interventions on physical fitness and quality of life during the first year after kidney transplantation Abstract of disertation Zpracovala: Mgr. Klára Švagrová Školitel: Prof. Ing. Václav Bunc, CSc. Školící pracoviště: Laboratoř sportovní motoriky Praha, 2012 ABSTRACT Kidney transplantation is the best known treatment of chronic kidney failure. However, it is often accompanied by a number of health complications. The transplantation itself positively affects both physical fitness and quality of life during the first year after the transplant surgery which are seriously diminished when compared to the healthy population. This improvement can be even enhanced by appropriate physical activity and nutrition interventions otherwise both the physical fitness and quality of life would start declining after the first post-transplant year again. The aim of this study was to confirm a positive effect of a long-term physical activity and nutrition interventions on health-related physical fitness and health-related quality of life in a representative sample of individuals in the first year after the kidney transplantation. At the same time it was fundamental to verify that the experimental trial can be...