Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-05-10T19:41:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Aline Braga Moreno.pdf: 3503961 bytes, checksum: 9ee745976fac8dfd56f36e7a0d024468 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-10T19:41:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Aline Braga Moreno.pdf: 3503961 bytes, checksum: 9ee745976fac8dfd56f36e7a0d024468 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / CAPES / FAPERJ / Instituto Oswaldo Cruz / Previous studies on the helminth fauna of scombrid fish from the Brazilian coast included reports on Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 and Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789. Nowadays its considered that only S. colias occurs in the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, forming different populations. To assess and revise the parasite biodiversity of S. colias off the coast of Rio de Janeiro State, 69 fish from Public Markets of S?o Pedro da Aldeia and Serop?dica were collected and analyzed, from March 2013 to November 2014. Fish were examined and all organs were individualized in Petri dishes containing saline solution 0.7% to be analyzed under the stereo microscope. The parasites were fixed in 70% etanol, AFA or 4% formalin. The Nematoda were cleared and examined in temporary mounts with glycerin and Monogenea, Trematoda and Cestoda were stained with Semichon's acid carmine or Gomori's trichrome and examined as permanent mounts in Canada balsam. The taxonomic identification was made by measuring with the ocular micrometer, by illustrations using a camera clara, and by studies on scanning electron microscopy and molecular techniques. The prevalence, intensity amplitude, mean abundance and standard deviation were calculated per each parasite species. Parasite community study was made at the infracomunity level using the data of 50 fish collected in a single sample from S?o Pedro da Aldeia, which represents a component community. The mean richness, mean total abundance and the mean of Berger-Parker dominance index, mean Bray-Curtis similarity and the mean of Brillouin diversity index of the infracommunities were also calculated. Additionally, using the SIMPER procedure, were also identified the species that contributed most to the similarity between the infracommunities. We collected 578 parasites belonging to 9 taxa: Monogenea (Grubea cochlear and Kuhnia scombri), Digenea (Aponurus laguncula, Lecithocladium harpodontis and Allonematobothrioides scombri - new host record and new geographical distribution), Cestoda (Scolex pleuronectis) and Nematoda (Raphidascaris sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Anisakidae gen. sp. larvae). Raphidascaris sp. was the most prevalent (64%), followed by K. scombri (60%) and A. laguncula (38%). The most abundant species was K. scombri (2.30% ? 3.73). The mean infracommunity richness was 2.14 ? 1.09 with a total mean abundance of 7.08 ? 7.24. The mean Berger-Parker dominance index was 0.67 ? 0.27, K.scombri, Raphidascaris sp. and A.laguncula being the most dominant species. The Bray-Curtis similarity index between infracommunities was relatively low (32.78 ? 26.20) and Raphidascaris sp. and Hysterothylacium sp. were contributing most to the similarity. / Os trabalhos pr?vios sobre a helmintofauna de peixes escombr?deos da costa brasileira inclu?ram refer?ncias em Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 e Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789. Hoje se considera que apenas S. colias ocorre no Oceano Atl?ntico, Mar Mediterr?neo e Mar Negro, onde forma popula??es distintas. Com o objetivo de avaliar e revisar a biodiversidade parasit?ria de S. colias, do litoral do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, foram coletados e analisados 69 peixes provenientes de Mercados P?blicos dos Munic?pios de S?o Pedro da Aldeia e Serop?dica, no per?odo de Mar?o de 2013 a Novembro de 2014. Os peixes foram necropsiados e todos os ?rg?os foram individualizados em placas de Petri com solu??o salina 0,7% para serem examinados no microsc?pio estereosc?pico. Os parasitos foram fixados em ?lcool a 70%, AFA ou formalina a 4%. Os Nematoda foram diafanizados e examinados em l?minas tempor?rias com glicerina e os Monogenea, Trematoda e Cestoda corados em Carmim de Semichon ou Tricr?mico de Gomori e examinados em l?minas permanentes montadas em B?lsamo do Canad?. A identifica??o taxon?mica foi feita atrav?s de medidas com aux?lio de ocular microm?trica, desenhos em c?mara clara, estudos por microscopia eletr?nica de varredura e t?cnicas moleculares. Foram calculadas a preval?ncia, amplitude de intensidade, abund?ncia m?dia e desvio padr?o para cada esp?cie de parasito. Os estudos de comunidades se realizaram a n?vel de infracomunidade com os dados de 50 peixes coletados em uma ?nica amostra em S?o Pedro de Aldeia, que representa uma comunidade componente. Foram tamb?m calculadas a riqueza m?dia, a abund?ncia total m?dia, ?ndice m?dio de domin?ncia de Berger-Parker e os ?ndices m?dios de similaridade de Bray-Curtis e de diversidade de Brioullin. Adicionalmente, utilizando o procedimento SIMPER, foram avaliadas as esp?cies que mais contribu?ram para a similaridade entre as infracomunidades. Foram coletados 578 parasitos, pertencentes a 9 taxa: Monogenea (Grubea cochlear e Kuhnia scombri), Digenea (Aponurus laguncula, Lecithocladium harpodontis e Allonematobothrioides scombri ? novo hospedeiro e nova distribui??o geogr?fica), Cestoda (Scolex pleuronectis) e Nematoda (Raphidascaris sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Anisakidae gen. sp. larva). Raphidascaris sp. apresentou maior preval?ncia (64%), seguido por K. scombri (60%) e A. laguncula (38%). A esp?cie mais abundante foi K. scombri (2,30% ? 3,73). A riqueza m?dia de esp?cies a n?vel de infracomunidade foi de 2,14?1,09 com uma abund?ncia total de 7,08?7,24. As infracomunidades apresentaram um ?ndice de domin?ncia de Berger-Parker de 0,67?0,27 sendo as esp?cies mais dominantes K.scombri, Raphidascaris sp. e A.laguncula. O ?ndice de similaridade de Bray-Curtis entre as infracomunidades foi relativamente baixo (32,78?26,20) e as esp?cies Raphidascaris sp. e Hysterothylacium sp. foram as que mais contribu?ram para a similaridade.

In South Africa, co-infection with HIV and intestinal parasites is a major challenge in disadvantaged communities who live in densely populated under-serviced urban informal settlements. This pilot cross sectional study evaluates the immunological effects of co-infection with Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichura on the immune response to HIV. The work was a substudy of a prospective double blind, placebo-controlled investigation to test whether regular deworming changes the immune profile of HIV positive individuals with concurrent helminth infection. The substudy has a cross sectional design and presents pilot data that defines immune profiles of HIV-1 positive individuals with and without gastrointestinal helminth (Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichura) infection. The hypothesis was that concurrent helminth infection adversely affects immune responses against HIV. It was conducted in an area of high helminth endemnicity and limited infrastructural resources. Individuals with known HIV infection were recruited from an HIV Support Group and HIV negative individuals residing in the same area (for demographic matching) were used for comparison. The substudy was to provide pilot data for future larger scale and possible interventional studies. The current work is limited by the cross sectional design, moderate sample size and practical challenges. The profile of lymphocyte phenotypes, viral loads, eosinophils, activation markers, expression of the nuclear proliferation antigen-Ki67 and activation regulator antigen CTLA-4 were analysed using flow cytometry in HIV positive and negative subgroups with or without helminth infection. The type-1, type-2 and inflammatory cytokines were analysed using multiplex cytokine array technology. These were correlated with immune responses to HIV. Non parametric statistics were used to describe differences in the variables between the subgroups. A major finding of the study was the result of the supplementary use of the serological marker, Ascaris lumbricoides-specific IgE in addition to the presence (or absence) of helminth eggs in stools to classify intestinal helminth infection status. Two significant outcomes of this measure were the enhancement of diagnosis of current or recent helminth infection and, more importantly, the distinction of different phenotypes of individuals who displayed different immunological responses to co-infection with HIV and helminths. The different helminth infection phenotypes are defined by stool egg positivity (egg⁺) or negativity (egg⁻) with either high or low Ascaris-specific IgE (IgEhi or IgElo) respectively. The four subgroups, egg⁺IgEhi, egg⁺IgElo, egg⁻IgEhi and egg⁻IgElo showed different interactions with regards to immune response to HIV. It should be noted that no Trichuris specific IgE tests are commercially available but that there is significant antigenic cross-reactivity with Ascaris antigen. The presence of helminth stool eggs and high Ascaris IgE (egg⁺IgEhi) was associated with the following characteristics: reduction in numbers of all lymphocyte populations, frequent eosinophilia, highly activated immune profiles, antigen specific proliferative hyporesponsiveness, impaired type 1 cytokine responses in unstimulated and antigen stimulated cells and increased TNFα levels. In HIV infected individuals, the egg⁺IgEhi helminth infection status was associated with lower but not significant CD4⁺ counts and higher viral loads. A strong negative correlation was observed between viral loads, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ cells in this subgroup. Subgroups with high IgE (egg⁺IgEhi and egg⁻IgEhi) had elevated Th2 markers with lower CD4⁺ counts and higher viral loads in the HIV⁺ group. The inverse correlation between viral load and CD4⁺ counts found in all the HIV⁺ participants was strongest in these two subgroups. Individuals with parasite eggs in stool and low Ascaris IgE (egg⁺/IgElo) presented a modified Th2 profile. This subgroup had high absolute numbers of all lymphocyte subsets in both HIV⁻ and HIV⁺ groups with higher CD4⁺ counts in the HIV⁻ and lower viral load in the HIV⁺ groups as well as higher interferon gamma, lower IL-4 and higher IL-10. In conclusion, the results suggest that helminth infections may be associated with deleterious effects on the immune responses to HIV in certain groups of susceptible individuals. The underlying reasons for the different stool egg/Ascaris IgE combinations in settings with high exposure to helminthes is currently not clear but genetic predisposition and environmental factors could play a role. Future studies of helminth- HIV co-infection have to ensure adequate definition of helminth infection status by the use of both stool examination and measurement of helminth-specific IgE as the infection phenotype is associated with differential effects on HIV associated immune responses. This may also apply to co-infection with other pathogens, including tuberculosis. The long-term effect of helminth co-infection in HIV positive people was not assessed in this study but requires further studies. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oklahoma. / Includes bibliographical references.

Orientadores: Marlene Tiduko Ueta, Eleonore Zulnara Freire Setz / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T12:53:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rondon_MichelleVivianeSadosSantos_M.pdf: 2874588 bytes, checksum: 28e75d1c2516ff11dfb2158b272c510f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Durante o período de agosto de 2003 a julho de 2004 foram realizadas coletas mensais de fezes de bugios-ruivos, Alouatta guariba (Primates, Atelidae), em um fragmento de Floresta Atlântica Semidecídua, a Mata Ribeirão Cachoeira, situada no Distrito de Souzas ¿ Campinas/SP, com 234 hectares. As fezes foram coletadas ao longo de duas trilhas longitudinais dentro do fragmento florestal, um pela calha do riacho e outro por uma trilha paralela com 4.000m de comprimento, com o objetivo de realizar um estudo de helmintos intestinais nestes animais. Foram realizadas 13 coletas com um total de 112 amostras, entre fezes frescas (N=102) e secas (N=10), que foram processadas qualitativamente pelos métodos de sedimentação Hoffman e Rugai e pelos métodos de flutuação Faust e Willis. Das 112 amostras, 61 foram positivas para ovos, larvas ou adultos de nematódeos, representando 54,5%. Os tipos morfológicos de nematódeos encontrados, foram identificados neste trabalho, pela numeração seqüencial, conforme foram sendo observados. Foram encontrados sete tipos morfológicos de ovos, nove tipos morfológicos de larvas e sete de nematódeos adultos. Os ovos tipo 2 de Trypanoxyuris (Trypanoxyuris) minutus (Oxyuridae), foram encontrados em fezes nos dois percursos em nove coletas. Ovos tipo 1 foram pouco freqüentes (N=5) e observados somente em um dos meses de coleta (agosto/2003); são ovos com características morfológicas compatíveis a Strongyloides sp., já relatado para primatas do gênero Alouatta mas, devido ao pequeno número, não houve confirmação. O nematódeo adulto tipo 1 (Oxyuridae, Cosmocercinae) foi o mais comum, ocorrendo em sete coletas no riacho e duas coletas na trilha, tanto em fezes frescas, como secas. O adulto tipo 7, de Trypanoxyuris (Trypanoxyuris) minutus foi observado somente em uma coleta (junho/2004), na trilha paralela. Os outros cinco tipos morfológicos de nematódeos adultos, foram encontrados entre os meses de abril e junho/2004 na trilha, exceto o adulto tipo 6 que foi encontrado no riacho. As amostras fecais mostraram-se positivas para alguma forma de nematódeo em dez coletas do período de estudo / Abstract: From August 2003 to July 2004 I collected fecal samples from the Brown-howler-monkey Alouatta guariba (Primates, Atelidae) monthly in a 234 ha Semideciduous Atlantic Forest fragment (Mata Ribeirao Cachoeira - Campinas/SP) in order to identify intestinal helminths. Feces were collected along two transects inside the forest fragment, one following the stream and the other on a parallel trail, each 4 km long, with the purpose of examining howlers intestinal helminths. On 13 sampling trips 112 samples (102 fresh and 10 dry scats) were collected. All the scats were processed qualitatively by sedimentation (methods of Hoffman and Rugai), and by flotation (Faust and Willis). Of the 112 samples, 61 (54.5%) were positive for eggs, larvae or adults from Nematoda. Morphotypes were enumerated chronologically as they appeared in the samples. There were seven egg morphotypes, nine larvae morphotypes and seven for adults, all Nematoda. Eggs of Trypanoxyuris (Trypanoxyuris) minutus (Oxyuridae) were found in feces along both transects on nine dates. Egg type 1 was uncommon (N=5) and only observed in August 2003. They shared morphological characteristics with Strongyloides sp., already reported for the genus Alouatta. Due to the small sample, confirmation was not possible. A species of Oxyuridae (Cosmocercinae) was the most common adult nematode, occurring on seven dates in the stream transect and twice on the trail. It was found both in fresh and dry scats. Adult Trypanoxyuris (Trypanoxyuris) minutus were observed once (June 2004), on the trail. The additional five adult nematoda morphotypes were found mostly along the trail between April and June 2004, except for the adult type 6 that was found along the stream. The fecal samples were positive for one or more Nematoda on ten sample dates year around / Mestrado / Doutor em Parasitologia

Orientador: Ronaldo Stefanutti / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T08:25:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Franca_JosueTadeuLeite_M.pdf: 8680034 bytes, checksum: 1ab8ef0109f94daf34a018122905eed9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Estudou-se o sistema de remoção de lodo de lagoa de estabilização, o desaguamento e acondicionamento do lodo pelo uso de BAG, bem como a redução da viabilidade de ovos de helmintos, coliformes, Salmonellas e teor de sólidos em função do tempo de acondicionamento. Entre várias opções para a retirada, adensamento e desaguamento do lodo de lagoa, a utilização de centrifuga no processo de deságue foi considerada inviável devido a necessidade de pré-condicionamento do lodo, em virtude da presença de materiais estranhos como pedrinhas, pedaços de pau, de metais, plásticos, e outros materiais, que danificam os elementos do equipamento. Optou-se por avaliar a remoção do lodo com a combinação de dragagem seguida da aplicação de polímero e deságüe em BAG de polipropileno de alta resistência. Definiu-se por esta combinação para remoção do lodo da lagoa de estabilização de Coronel Macedo-SP, Sabesp, devido às dificuldades operacionais e em virtude de longas distâncias para disposição do resíduo em aterros licenciados, o que representa elevados custos, uma vez que os aterros da região não são autorizados para receberem este tipo de resíduo.Como opção para redução de custos no desaguamento, transporte e disposição do lodo e com um importante viés ambiental, propôs-se nesta pesquisa estudar um modelo para desaguamento, acondicionamento e redução da carga patogênica, procurando adequar o lodo aos padrões para aplicação em solo agrícola. Seis meses após a operação de desaguamento do lodo acondicionado em BAG, constatou-se ausência de ovos de helmintos viáveis, salmonellas, protozoários e coliformes termotolerantes <103 NMP.g-1.MS. Estes resultados indicaram que o processo removeu a patogenicidade do lodo adequando-o para a disposição no solo, quanto aos parâmetros avaliados. O acúmulo de lodo foi de 2,2 cm.ano-1 e a contribuição média per capta foi de 0,042 m3 de lodo.hab-1.ano-1. A eficiência da ETE com relação a remoção da DBO, aumentou de 63% para em torno de 82%, após a limpeza. O lodo no BAG atingiu teor de sólidos totais de 34,10% após 374 dias e foi classificado como Classe II A - Não perigoso e não inerte. O custo da remoção de 2000 m3 lodo com teor médio de sólidos totais 12%, por meio do sistema de dragagem e acondicionamento em BAG foi de USD 4,67.hab-1.ano-1 / Abstract: This study was about a removal system of stabilization pond sludge, its dewatering and conditioning using BAG. Another point of this work was study the viability reduction of helminthes eggs, coliforms, salmonellas and quantities of solids by the time of conditioning. Among a many options for the removal, concentration and dewatering of the sludge pond, the centrifuge use was considerate unfeasible because the need of preconditioning of the sludge due the presence of foreign material as small stones , wood, metals, plastics and other materials which can damage the equipment system. Hence we decided to assess the removal of sludge with a combination of dredging followed by the application of polymer and drainage bag in the high resistance polypropylene. Was defined for this combination to remove the stabilization pond sludge of Coronel Macedo -SP, Sabesp, due the operational difficulties and due the long distances for disposal of waste in landfills, which is costly, since the landfills in the region are not authorized to receive this type of waste. As an option for cost reduction in drainage, transportation and disposal of sludge and an important environmental bias, it was proposed in this research study a model for dewatering, conditioning and reduction of the pathogen, adapting the standards for sludge application on agricultural land . Six months after the operation of sludge dewatering packed in bag, it was detected an absence of viable helminth eggs, salmonella, protozoa and coliforms. These results indicated that the process removed the pathogenicity of the sludge tailoring it to the wastewater disposal, as to the parameters evaluated. The accumulation of sludge was 2.2 cm.year-1 and the average contribution per capita was 0.042 m3 of sludge inhab-1 year-1. The effectiveness of treatment station for BOD removal increased from 63% to 82% after cleaning of the stabilization pond. The sludge in the bag reached total solids of 34.10% after 374 days and was classified as Class II A - Not dangerous, not inert. The cost of the removal of 2000 m3 sludge with an average of 12% solids, by means of the dredging and placing in bag was US$ 4.67 inha-1 year-1 / Mestrado / Saneamento e Ambiente / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:31:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_cibele_velleda_dos_santos.pdf: 1881403 bytes, checksum: 9dda1568c045e6dba2f90387205d8397 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-31 / The intestinal parasitoses or enteroparasitoses are a serious public health problem particularly in developing countries. Meantime, there are several studies that wrap the prevalence and the incidence of parasitoses in several populations, lacking parasitological investigations involving individuals with a intestinal ostomy. This study aimed to investigate the presence of infectious nature of parasitic diseases in individuals with ostomy enrolled in an Ostomy Program of the Department of Health and Management of the SUS in the city of Pelotas, RS. A questionnaire was given to patients for epidemiological evaluation of demographic, social, and cultural issues that would limit the subjects' knowledge about the parasites. Totaled to 71 individuals also submitted to parasitological tests using the methods of Faust and Ritchie modified Baermann-Moraes. Were collected and analyzed 03 samples per individual. The prevalence of carriers was 5.6%, all by monoparasitism. Among pacients positives were detected in the same proportion (25%), larvae of Enterobius vermicularis eggs of Taenia sp. eggs Enterobius vermicularis and larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis. Among participants, 49.3% were being female and 50.7% male. 76.1% had colostomy and 23.9% had ileostomy. Of the operations for stoma intestinal was necessary 37.1% due to the rectum cancer, 24,3 % for cancer of colon and 15.7% resulting from other intestinal diseases. As to knowledge about parasitic diseases, 69 % of the interviewed ones revealed to know the subject, 56.3% of the individuals showed up the importance of the hygiene of the hands, nails, sets of cutlery and foods, including his appropriate cooking.Meantime, 33.8% of the interviewed ones did not know how will be careful to prevent the intestinal parasitoses, and, even so, 50.7% of the individuals not feel to miss bigger of explanation regarding the approach in question. / As parasitoses intestinais ou enteroparasitoses representam um grave problema de saúde pública particularmente nos países subdesenvolvidos. Entretanto, existem vários estudos que envolvem a prevalência e a incidência de parasitoses em diversas populações, inexistindo investigações parasitológicas que envolvam indivíduos com estomia intestinal. Este estudo objetivou investigar a presença de agentes infecciosos de natureza enteroparasitária em indivíduos estomizados cadastrados em um Programa de Ostomizados da Secretaria de Saúde e Gestão do SUS da cidade de Pelotas/RS. Foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico aos pacientes para avaliação das variáveis demográficas, sociais e culturais, além de questões que balizavam o conhecimento dos sujeitos sobre as parasitoses. Totalizaram-se 71 indivíduos, também, submetidos a exames coproparasitológicos segundo os métodos de Faust, Ritchie e Baermann-Moraes modificado. Foram recolhidas e analisadas 03 amostras por sujeito. A prevalência de parasitados foi 5,6%, sendo todos por monoparasitismo. Dentre os positivos detectou-se, na mesma proporção (25%), larvas de Enterobius vermiculares, ovos de Taenia sp., ovos de Enterobius vermiculares e larvas de Strongyloides stercoralis. Dentre os participantes, 49,3% eram pertencentes ao sexo feminino e 50,7% ao masculino. 76,1% possuíam colostomias e 23,9% ileostomias. Das intervenções cirúrgicas para estomização intestinal 37,1% foram necessárias devido ao câncer de reto, 24,3% por câncer de cólon e 15,7% decorrentes de outras doenças intestinais. Quanto aos conhecimentos sobre parasitoses, 69% dos entrevistados revelaram conhecer o assunto, 56,3% dos indivíduos evidenciaram a importância da higiene das mãos, unhas, talheres e alimentos, incluindo seu cozimento adequado. Entretanto, 33,8% dos entrevistados não sabiam como tomar os cuidados necessários para prevenir as parasitoses intestinais, e, ainda assim, 50,7% dos indivíduos consideram não sentirem falta de maiores explicações quanto a abordagem em questão.

Prof. A. Avent-Oldewage

Cercariae of the genus Trichobilharzia can penetrate not only the skin of definitive hosts (ducks), but they are also able to penetrate the skin of accidental hosts (mammals). As a result of the penetration, the inflammatory response known as cercarial dermatitis appears. The goal of our thesis is to detect parasite DNA in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of infected ducks, and also in the serum of infected mice. By using PCR with primers designed for a tandem repeated sequence, we were able to detect 1 femtograms of parasite DNA isolated from sera of infected ducks. We were able to amplify parasite DNA only from 16 samples of sera and cerebrospinal fluid of the infected ducks, but we were not able to do so with the serum of mice. Sera of infected mice were also tested by ELISA and Western blot. The homogenates of T. regenti (TRhc), T. szidati (TShc) and S. mansoni (SMhc) cercariae were selected as an antigen. The results showed progressive increase in the level of IgM antibody from 10 days after 1st infection and also increase of the level of IgG from the 2nd infection. 10 days after the 4th infection, the level of IgM and IgG gradually declined, but the level of antibodies 100 days after the 4th infection was still higher if compared to uninfected mice. Results from Western blot analysis...

Spatial patterns in parasite communities of freshwater fish are often characterized as low in diversity and unpredictable. Whether or not his view is a true reflection of community patterns is unclear, in particular when comparing studies of parasite communities of fish occuring in man-altered ecosystems. To understand the structure of a fish parasite community, I first described the parasite fauna of 13 species of freshwater fish from 19 isolated lakes on the Caribou Mountains plateau in northern Alberta. After my initial broad-scale survey, I selected the diverse and complex community of parasites in whitefish, (Coregonus clupeaformis) for further analysis. This host had the most diverse parasite community of any species of fish on the plateau and was disproportionally important in the dissemination of parasites to the other species of fish. Ten parasite species infected whitefish in the 7 large lakes on the plateau; 7 were core species (i.e found in every lake) and 9 were salmonid specialists. Parasite intensities were much higher (>100 per host) in the Caribou Mountains than elsewhere in Canada, as was community similarity (>70%). Ordination analyses showed that 48% of the variation in parasite intensities between lakes could be explained by factors associated with aquatic productivity (e.g. chlorophyll-a and total phosphorus). Low-intensity lakes were characterized by low productivity and high colour and high-intensity lakes were characterized by low productivity and high colour and high-intensity lakes had high prductivity and low colour. Patterns of high similarity between lakes, together with the association between aquatic productivity and community structure shows that the spatial structure of parasite communities can be predicted on the basis of a common suite of specialist, core species. / vii, 147 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.

Orientador: Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani / Banca: Wagner Luiz Ferreira / Banca: Jancarlo Ferreira Gomes / Resumo: Parasitos gastrintestinais são comuns em animais de companhia. Atualmente, os cães e gatos de estimação apresentam um importante papel entre os humanos, sendo até considerados como membros da família. Por conta deste laço estreito com os humanos, surgem as preocupações dos veterinários em proporcionar uma melhor qualidade de vida para animais, e também em relação a algumas doenças são consideradas de caráter zoonótico. Alguns protozoários e helmintos (Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Isospora spp., Toxocara spp. e Ancylostoma spp.) são comumente diagnosticados, apesar das medidas terapêuticas e profiláticas existentes. Várias destas enfermidades apresentam sinais clínicos diversos, sendo a diarreia comumente encontrada. As técnicas coproparasitológicas tem como finalidade auxiliar o médico veterinário para um diagnóstico preciso e consequentemente o tratamento adequado ao animal. O objetivo do nosso trabalho foi investigar a ocorrência dos parasitos gastrintestinais em animais filhotes domiciliados. / Abstract: Gastrointestinal parasites are common in pets. Pets play an important role among humans and lately they have been considered members of families Due to the fact of the closely contact between humans and animals, veterinarians worries about zoonotic risk of some parasitic diseases and to promote better life quality for both pets and tutors. Some gastrointestinal parasites (Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Isospora spp., Toxocara spp. and Ancylostoma spp.) are commonly diagnosed causing diarrhea, despite existing therapeutic and prophylactic evidence. The coproparasitological techniques have been helping veterinarians for an accurate diagnosis and consequently the appropriate treatment to the animal. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in domiciled dogs. / Mestre