Contemporary Social Contract Theories The thesis is intended to be an introduction into contemporary social contract theories. John Rawls' book A Theory of Justice is a seminal work in this field. The thesis, however, does focus not only on the approach adopted by Rawls, but on the theories of other authors as well - that of J. Buchanan, D. Gauthier, T. Scanlon and R. Nozick. These remain quite unknown in the Czech context. The structure of the thesis should allow for a comparison between the respective theories as the author starts with the object of the social contract, proceeds to the parties of the contract and, finally, to its content. Special attention is devoted to the game theory which models some of the typical interpersonal interactions and, using its theoretical apparatus, can illustrate problems of social cooperation - the key theme of virtually all social contract theories. Eventually, the author tries to outline the way analytic philosophy views the social contract. In its eyes, the social contract is a necessary implication of the existence of language.

Main purpose of this thesis is to pursue the question whether it is possible to find differences (and if so, which) in attitudes towards computer (or rather digital) games resulting from various family socio-cultural backgrounds and gender. In order to explore this, the thesis analyzes selected gaming behaviors along with the socio-cultural environment and gender stereotypes shaping the gamers. The research study focuses mainly on gamers' preference in choosing the game type, reflection of their approach and ways of dealing with this phenomenon exhibited by their parents. This thesis does not aim to state any general theory; it is rather attempting to offer specific insight into this issue. Keywords: digital games, computer games, games' classification, computer games entertainment, parental attitudes towards gaming, family socio-cultural standard, gender stereotypes, computer games usefulness/ harmfulness in its consumers, virtual communication in computer games.

In the present work we study theory of cooperative games and their solution. We assume that all players may form groups and cooperate, and we will try to find a solution, a rule how to divide the profit of the group among individual players. We will focus on a core of the game, its description, theoretical results and methods for analyzing its emptiness. We also investigate core-center, which is one of the known options of choosing single profit division from the core. Then we will construct mathematical model of oligopoly together with method for counting characteristic function from real data. Finally, we apply the model on data from oil market. 1

The position of local self-government in the regulation of lotteries and other similar games This thesis covers the position of local self-government in the Czech republic in the regulation of gambling. The role of local self-government, especially the municipalities, was rather recently reinforced thanks to a series of changes during the last two years. My objective is to describe the development of the position of local administration in this area and through an impartial opinion show the consequences of the aforementioned changes. My thesis is composed of three parts. Before I start dealing with the essential topic of my thesis, I have to define the basic notion in the first part of my work, by which I mean the notion of lotteries and other similar games of chance not only according to Act No. 202/1990 Coll., but also according to the foreign legislation (e.g. Belgian). I mention two basic aspects of this notion. The first one is based on the civil law and the second one much more important to my thesis is based on the norms of public law. After this selection I continue with classification of games of chance, but accordnig to my thesis, I try to show the differences between the games of chance that are object of the regulation of local self-government and the games of chance that are not. The most...

Diplomová práce se snaží poskytnout ucelený pohled na známé poznatky z oblasti teorie opakovaných jako části teorie her. Teoretická část se zabývá předpoklady, výpočetními principy a rovnovážnými strategiemi pro opakované hry. V praktické části je teorie aplikována na oblast petrochemického průmyslu, konkrétně na konkurenci dvou čerpacích stanic v rámci prostorově vymezeného trhu.

The goals of the master thesis are describing the strategic oligopoly environment of chosen industry of Czech telecommunications, together with introducing basic game theory principles with their possible real case application. It mentions historical shifts in Czech telecommunications sector which influence the actual industry conditions. The thesis briefly describes the individual players in the market and turns its attention towards the industry characterization through standard oligopoly models. Following, it introduces theoretical insight on possible market entry strategies into oligopoly industries. The application part focuses on game-theory in pricing strategies, market entry and entry deterring scenarios with examples. Final part summarizes the objectives in detail and provides final comments on the thesis.

Les proteines ErbBjHER appartiennent a la famille des recepteurs a activite tyrosine kinase (RrK). Ces recepteurs participent a un reseau complexe d'jnteractions a la surface de la cellule et controlent la proliferation et la differenciation cellulaire. Cette famille de 4 membres (ErbBljEGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4) forme des homodimeres etjou des heterodimeres apres fixation du ligand. La deregulation de ce reseau d'interactions est associee a de nombreux cancers humains.<br />Le domaine tr~smembranaire joue un role dans la fonction de ces recepteurs et l'implication des motifs de type GxxxG dans les processus d'association suscite un interet particulier. Des etudes experimentales montrent une correlation entre la hierarchie des interactions des recepteurs entiers et celIe des domaines transmembranaires.<br />Une methode theorique de recherche de modeles d'association des heterodimeres a ete develoHpee permettant de quantifier les interactions entre les domaines membranaires et de definir Ie role des motifs dans l'association. Des simulations de dynamique moleculaire effectuees sur l'ensemble des modeles montrent une preference d'association gauche des helices. Les petits residus appartenant aux motifs de dimerisation sont presents a l'interface des deux helices. Nos etudes montrent que les domaines transmembranaires participent a la specificite et a la selectivite des recepteurs dans les processus de dimerisation.

Les hydrogénases sont des protéines capables de catalyser efficacement la production et l'oxydation du dihydrogène à des potentiels proches de l'équilibre thermodynamique. Le site actif des hydrogénases [NiFe] possède un motif fer-cyano-carbonyle ainsi qu'un atome de nickel en environnement soufré. L'originalité de la structure de ce site actif ainsi que les applications potentielles dans le cadre d'une économie de l'hydrogène rendent la synthèse de modèles structuraux et fonctionnels très importante. Dans cette perspective, nous avons préparé des modèles mononucléaires de ruthénium et des complexes nickel-ruthénium, inspirés de ce site actif. Les composés décrits dans ces travaux ont été bien caractérisés et leur activité en réduction des protons a été testée. La plupart se sont montrés capables de catalyser cette réaction même si les potentiels d'électrocatalyse restent trop négatifs par rapport à celui du platine. Il s'agit des premiers modèles fonctionnels catalytiques des hydrogénases [NiFe]. Les différents paramètres étudiés ont permis de mettre en évidence l'importance de la richesse en électrons des composés et plus particulièrement du nickel afin d'améliorer les potentiels d'électrocatalyse. D'autre part, la stabilité de l'activité sur plusieurs heures est assez bonne. L'environnement du ruthénium semble important pour cette stabilité.Les résultats les plus importants de ces travaux sont que les deux métaux ont un effet synergique en réduction des protons et que l'étape limitante du cycle catalytique est une protonation. Nous avons aussi illustré l'importance d'une base adjacente au métal qui améliore le potentiel d'électrocatalyse.

<p>Conventional cancer treatment based on radiotherapy or chemotherapy affects all dividing cells. By directing the therapy specifically to the tumor cells, normal cells can be spared. Tumor targeting molecules carrying a cytotoxic moiety is then an attractive approach. </p><p>In this thesis, an affibody molecule with high affinity for the protein HER-2, that is strongly associated with aggressive forms of breast cancer, was selected. After radiolabeling with ¹²⁵I, the affibody molecule, in monovalent and bivalent form, was tested <i>in vitro</i> in HER-2 overexpressing tumor cells and in transplanted tumors in mice. </p><p>It was shown that the HER-2 targeting affibody molecule bound its target in a specific manner, both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. The small size of the affibody molecule resulted in fast clearance through the kidneys. An impressive tumor-to-blood ratio of 10 eight hours post injection was achieved and the tumors could easily be visualized in a gamma camera. </p><p>The biologic effects of the bivalent affibody molecule and a monovalent affinity maturated version was measured and compared with the effects of the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab. It was found that although all molecules target the same protein, the effects differed greatly.</p><p>The affibody molecule was also labeled with the alpha-emitting radionuclide ²¹¹At. Specific decrease in survival was seen in HER-2 overexpressing cells receiving the ²¹¹At labeled affibody molecule. The sensitivity to the treatment differed between cell lines, probably as a result of differences between the cell lines in internalization and nuclear size. The ²¹¹At labeled affibody molecules were also tested <i>in vivo</i>, where stability of the ²¹¹At label was a problem. To circumvent this problem, more stable conjugation chemistry was tested, as well as strategies to prevent uptake of released ²¹¹At by normal organs.</p><p>This thesis describes the selection and optimization of affibody molecules for medical use for the first time.</p>

<p>Esophageal carcinoma is a malignancy with a poor prognosis and is the sixth cause of cancer related death worldwide. In Sweden approximately 400 new cases are diagnosed every year. The aim of this present thesis was to investigate predictive factors for esophageal carcinoma patients.126 esophageal carcinoma patients admitted to the department of Oncology at the University Hospital in Uppsala between 1990-2000 were investigated with focus on known and potential prognostic factors. Performance status and stage of the disease were the only independent prognostic factors (p-values <0.001). </p><p>Angiogenic factors VEGF and bFGF were correlated to platelet and leukocyte counts and VEGF was correlated to tumor volume (p=0.04) whereas bFGF was not (p=0.08) in pre-treatment serum samples from 42 esophageal carcinoma patients. The use of the angiogenic factors as prognostic factors, prior to therapy in patients with esophageal carcinoma, according to the results from the present study, seems limited. </p><p>HER-2 overexpression was seen in 17% of 97 investigated esophageal tumor samples. In squamous cell carcinoma patients, HER-2 overexpression correlated with poorer survival (p=0.035), whereas in adenocarcinoma patients, HER-2 status did not. HER-2 overexpression seems to be associated with poorer survival in esophageal carcinomas, especially in patients with squamous cell esophageal carcinoma. </p><p>Telomerase activity was detected in all esophageal cell lines, with a broad range of activity levels. No correlation was found between telomerase activity levels and sensitivity to investigated cytotoxic drugs. We therefore conclude that basal telomerase activity level is not a key determinant of sensitivity to standard cytotoxic drugs in esophageal carcinoma cell lines. </p><p>The virus HPV-16 was detected in 16 % of the patients; no other type HPV was detected. HPV-16 infection had no significant effect on survival (p=0.72). Our results did not show that HPV-16 increases survival or improve therapy response in patients with esophageal carcinoma.</p>