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Komunikace dětí v předškolním věku / Communication of pre-school childrenHaufová, Jitka January 2011 (has links)
Název: Komunikace dětí v předškolním věku Anotace: Ve své diplomové práci se zaměřuji na komunikaci dětí v předškolním věku. Cílem výzkumného šetření je zmapovat, jak děti předškolního věku v mateřské škole komunikují v heterogenní skupině, jaké okolnosti ovlivňují komunikaci mezi dětmi, a jaké se objevují rozdíly v komunikaci mezi dítětem a rodičem, dítětem a vrstevníkem a dítětem a učitelem. Dále se snažím zmapovat, zda děti používají při své komunikaci vulgarismy a neologismy, případně kdy se tato slova nejčastěji objevují. Nedílnou součástí práce je vývoj sociální komunikace a podmínky správného vývoje řeči, které jsou pro komunikaci velmi důležité. Klíčová slova: komunikace, předškolní věk, druhy komunikace, pozorování, heterogenní skupina, jednotlivci Title: Communication of pre-school children Annotation: In my graduation theses I am focusing on the communication of pre-school children. The objective of my research is to identify the way of communication of pre-school children in heterogeneous group, the circumstances affecting communication between children and also the differences in communication between a child and its parent, a child and its peer and child with a teacher. Moreover, my focus is also on mapping the frequency of vulgarisms and neologisms in their communication and the situations...
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Ofrivillig ensamhet och isolering hos äldre : Hur kan man genom användarcentrerad design möjliggöra skapandet av nya kontakter för seniorer och minimera effekterna av ensamhet som följd? / Undesirable loneliness and isolation among elderly : How can user-centered design enable new contacts and by that minimize the effects of loneliness for seniors?Olsson, Moa January 2022 (has links)
The study examines how the effects of loneliness and isolation among seniors can be reduced with the help of user-centered design. Users, seniors but also care staff and project managers have participated in the study through interviews, both individually and in groups. With the insights that the interviews contributed, suggestions for concepts were sorted, compared and evaluated according to how well they could fulfill the purpose of the study. The concept with the most potential was developed several times into different designs in order to review the overall possibilities. By that the final concept appeared. The final result became an exhibition concept in a pop-up format with the main purpose of making it possible for seniors to find new contacts in their home environment. / I studien undersöks det hur effekterna av ensamhet och isolering bland senior kan minska med hjälp av användarcentrerad design. Användare, det vill säga seniorer men även vårdpersonal och projektledare har deltagit i studien genom intervjuer, både enskilda och i grupp. Med de varierande insikterna som intervjuerna bidrog med tillkom förslag på koncept som sorterades, jämfördes och värderades utefter hur väl de kunde uppfylla syftet med studien. Därefter utvecklades det koncept med mest utvecklingspotential genom att flera typer av utformningar och varianter togs fram för kunna se över konceptets möjligheter. I samband med det uppkom det slutgiltiga konceptet. Det slutgiltiga konceptet blev ett utställningskoncept i pop-up format med huvudsyfte att möjliggöra för seniorer att hitta nya bekantskaper i sin omgivning.
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Um algoritmo genético para formação de grupos heterogêneos na aprendizagem colaborativa / A genetic algorithm to forming of heterogeneous groups in collaborative learningCitadin, Jucilane Rosa 31 August 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-08-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A formação de grupos para a aprendizagem colaborativa é uma tarefa importante, pois deve permitir a efetiva interação dos membros de um grupo. No entanto, a explosão combinatória relativa ao número de estudantes torna a formação de grupos um problema de otimização combinatória, que é NP-hard, isto é, um problema que não tem solução ótima em tempo polinomial. A resolução desses problemas de complexidade não polinomial requer um grande esforço computacional e aplicação de heurísticas ou meta-heurísticas para chegar a soluções viáveis em tempos adequados. Uma meta-heurística que tem provado ser eficiente na resolução de problemas de otimização NP-hard são os algoritmos genéticos (AG). Por isso, esta pesquisa avalia a adoção de algoritmos genéticos para a formação de grupos na aprendizagem colaborativa, considerando um contexto massivo de dados (milhares de estudantes). Pesquisas bibliográficas e um mapeamento sistemático da literatura sobre formação de grupos para aprendizagem colaborativa foram realizados. Constituir grupos de forma automática, considerando a abordagem selecionada e o critério heterogêneo, utilizando como recurso algoritmos genéticos, foram os resultados apontados pelo mapeamento. Assim, esta pesquisa se propôs a gerar grupos heterogêneos de forma automática, utilizando como abordagem grupo selecionado, considerando os conhecimentos e as interações dos estudantes. Algoritmos genéticos foram utilizados para a formação dos grupos, que teve como objetivo maximizar a heterogeneidade dos conhecimentos e as interações dos estudantes no grupo, além de gerar grupos balanceados entre si (inter-homogêneos). Foram desenvolvidos dois algoritmos, um AG e um randômico como método base de comparação. Ambos foram testados considerando dados de mil até dez mil estudantes, com diferentes configurações dos conhecimentos e interações. A comparação foi feita considerando o fitness, o percentual de grupos heterogêneos e/ou balanceados gerados pelos algoritmos e o tempo de processamento gasto por grupo gerado. Os resultados apontam que AG é eficaz para a formação de grupos heterogêneos na aprendizagem colaborativa. Os resultados do AG foram mais eficientes que os resultados do algoritmo randômico, para conhecimentos heterogêneos e conhecimentos aleatórios. Para conhecimentos homogêneos o AG teve a mesma eficiência que o algoritmo randômico, porém é mais eficaz, pois gera mais grupos balanceados do que o algoritmo randômico.
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Rozvoj prosociálního chování v mateřské škole prostřednictvím aktivit zaměřených na rozvoj čtenářství / Development of prosocial behavior in kindergarten through reading preliteracy activitiesTomanová, Veronika January 2019 (has links)
The diploma work is focused on the development of prosocial behaviour in a kindergarten by means of reader's preliteracy. The theoretical part clarifies the terms related to the issues of the development of prosocial behaviour in a kindergarten, reader's literacy and preliterasy. It as well briefly describes the differences between heterogeneous and homogenous structure of the classroom in a kindergarten arranged according to the age and deals with the kindergarten as well as the classroom climate. The aim of the practical part was to describe in what matter the particular kindergarten develops pro-social behaviour of children with the support of reader's preliteracy. During the whole school year there were particular activities established and consequently implemented into an age-heterogeneous classroom located in a one-classroom kindergarten and upon consequent reflexion and feedback the activities were further provided with a possibility to work further with a given activity. To gain the reflexion and feedback the methods of interviews, monitoring and self-reflexion were used. Children participating in the activities kept developing their prosocial behaviour and attitude to reading. After studying specialised literature a questionnaire for the research within the practical part was designed for...
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Skupinové vyučování v tématickém celku biologie člověka. / Teaching in groups used in topics of human biology.Grzybková, Helena January 2010 (has links)
Teaching in groups is the organizational form of teaching. Students are divided into several groups and they cooperate to solve certain task. Mutual help and involvement of passive and diffident student is a big advantage. This form of teaching has disadvantages and several problems too. Teacher should arrange and prepare everything carefully. Teacher's role is different in this type of teaching. When teacher is planning, he should realize what he wants to achieve, how large groups will be appropriate, how to divide students into groups etc. Classical arrangement of class for frontal teaching is inappropriate for teaching in groups. In this form of teaching students should see each other. All groups can do the same work or each group can do a different work. Student assessment is a problem in this way of teaching too. Some teachers can not cope with this. Teaching in groups may not be always cooperative. Key words: activating form of teaching, teaching in groups, cooperative teaching, teaching in pair, heterogeneous group, homogeneous group, role in the group, cooperative skills
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