An investigation of the electronic structure of some transition metal clusters comprising anti-ferromagnetically coupled, heterometallic arrays of eight metal ions that are wheel-shaped, is reported. The compounds were synthesized and provided by Dr. Grigore Timco of The University of Manchester and are formulated by their metal content as Cr7M, where M = a divalent 3d metal. Two families of wheels are the subject of this research, defined ‘green’ and ‘purple’ from their physical appearance. Within each family, the compounds are all isostructural. From simulation using a single Hamiltonian for Cr7M-purple compounds, where M = Zn, Mn, or Ni, it is shown that with only two exchange parameters, one JCr-Cr and one JCr-M, data from bulk magnetization, neutron scattering, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy at multiple frequencies and specific heat measurements can be modelled and that there is transferability of parameters. Preliminary attempts to measure electron spin relaxation times for two of the purple wheels have shown values of T1 and T2 that are comparable with those of the more extensively studied green wheels and hence further studies in this area are warranted. Variable temperature Q- and W-band EPR spectra for a series of nine heterodimers comprising one green and one purple wheel, M=Zn, Mn or Ni in each case, are reported. For Cr7Zn-purple there is no magnetic exchange detected, whereas weak and quantifiable exchange is required to interpret the spectra from the other six dimers. EPR studies of three trimers of the form purple-green-purple are reported and the presence of magnetic exchange is identified by comparison with the spectra of the component single and double wheel compounds, although this is not quantified because of the numerical size of the simulations that are required. The process of comparing simulated to experimental spectra is a complex problem and one which is central to the work reported in this thesis. The problem of fitting has been investigated and two novel solutions, one based upon pixel mapping and the other based on wavelet transformation are proposed.

The research work reported in this dissertation is focused on exploring the systematic syntheses and characteristics of lanthanide-containing functional materials. Lanthanides have interesting properties that arise as a consequence of f-electrons, namely, magnetism, luminescence, and flexible coordination sphere. These studies were extended further into heterometallic systems containing transition metal ions, specifically Ni(II) and Co(II), to further explore the behavior of lanthanides in functional materials with addition of transition metal ions. The results include the high nucleraity lanthanide hydroxide clusters and metal-organic frameworks which showed potential applications in catalysis, separations, solid-state light-emitting devices and magnetism. Chapter 1 provides background on lanthanides and different types of lanthanide-containing materials, their properties, and potential applications followed by a synopsis to the research work in each chapter. In Chapter 2, the synthesis, structure characterization, magnetic studies and solution stability studies of a novel class of high-nuclearity lanthanide hydroxide cluster complexes {Ln54} with Chromogen I, a ligand transformed from in situ N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine are summarized. Attention is focused on this ligand transformation since it shows a possible pathway for selective and efficient transformation of biomass into useful chemicals with the unique coordination chemistry of lanthanides. The remainder of this chapter is focused on using hydroxylcarboxylic acids for the formation of high-nuclearity lanthanide hydroxide clusters with the aim of expanding the array of ligands that can be utilized for developing these systems. Chapter 3 discusses the synthesis, structural characterization and photoluminescence properties of a novel series of lanthanide metal-organic frameworks utilizing iminodiacetic acid as bridging ligand. The possibility of luminescence color tuning employing mixed metal system containing Eu and Tb was shown. The lifetimes for the luminescence systems were evaluated based on photo decay studies in order to understand the energy transfer processes in the mixed-metal system. An energy transfer from Tb to Eu was evident based on the data. Chapter 4 focuses on a 3d-4f heterometallic system based on Ni(II) that has been synthesized using a metalloligand approach. A metalloligand containing Ni was first synthesized and then used for further lanthanide coordination. The result of this effort was a bi-porous metal-organic framework (MOF) which contains both hydrophilic and hydrophobic pores. The magnetic studies showed weak antiferromagnetic interactions between the Ni centers and confirmed the absence of single-molecule magnet behavior. Chapter 5 explores another 3d-4f heterometallic system which contains Co(II) using a different synthetic approach than that reported in Chapter 4. A 2-D layer type MOF containing both Ln(III) (Ln= Pr, La, Nd) Co(II) was obtained with the use of iminodiacetic acid as the supporting ligand under solvothermal conditions which further extends to a 3-D network with extensive hydrogen bonding. Magnetic studies were carried out to explore the magnetic interactions between the metal ions and results were not conclusive due to the complicated intrinsic magnetic characteristics possessed by both Ln(III) and Co(II).Chapter 6 describes results on another lanthanide-containing MOF that assembles as a layered material creating channels between the layers. The structural analysis of the MOF of interest and other MOFs obtained under the controlled conditions were discussed. This work has potential applications as an advanced material for proton conductivity, intercalation, and ion exchange. Chapter 7 summarizes the body of work by examining the results and significance of the results presented in Chapters 2-6 and discusses the future directions possible for each project. Appendix A provides all the crystallographic information including bond lengths and angles.

The marriage of synthetic chemistry to materials science has been well documented in the last decade. The design, synthesis, and utilization of chemical precursors in the MOCVD of electronic materials in particular has received a lot of attention in both academic and industrial circles. The maintenance of this symbiotic relationship is pursued in this work in the hope of discovering chemical forerunners for high-dielectric metal oxide materials. Specifically, it is of interest to isolate chemical precursors for ZTT, a recent entry into the field of high-k composites. The primary theme of this dissertation is the exploration of the design and synthesis of molecular precursors that possess more than one of the cations found in the final ZTT film. The approach taken to obtain such precursors, referred to in this work as same-source precursors, is to investigate the implementation of the anionic stannylamine ligand, -N(SnMe3)2 in the preparation of heterometallic coordination complexes. The ultimate goal is to procure volatile, low molecular weight compounds that possess more than one of the metals found in ZTT (tin, titanium, and/or zirconium). The reason for choosing stannylamine ligands is two-fold. First, as was alluded to above, such ligands might provide convenient access to heterometallic complexes possessing tin as one of the metal constituents. Second, since the coordination chemistry of stannyl amines is relatively unexplored compared to alkyl- and silylamine ligands, it is important from a fundamental standpoint to investigate the synthetic utility of this ligand type. With this motivation in mind, the results reported here accomplishe two major objectives: 1) the synthesis and characterization of a variety of metal complexes coordinated by stannylamines and 2) the design, synthesis, and utilization of heterometallic precursors for use in the MOCVD of ZTT. Thus, in the course of a synthetic investigation towards the goal of same-source ZTT precursors for use in MOCVD processes, a number of metal coordination complexes possessing stannylamine ligands have been synthesized and fully characterized. Consequently, the library of known compounds containing these ligands has been significantly expanded and a novel route to volatile, heterobimetallic aminoalkoxide species has been developed.

No description available.

Diese Arbeit handelt von der Synthese und Charakterisierung verschiedener molekularer heterobimetallischer Komplexe der Elemente Molybdän und Bismut. Solche Verbindungen können als Modelle für die bei der SOHIO-Oxidation von Propen zu Acrolein zum Einsatz kommenden heterogenen Bismutmolybdat-Katalysatoren angesehen werden, sie sind aber auch als Einkomponentenvorstufen für die Herstellung funktionaler Materialien von Interesse. In Reaktionen zwischen Molybdocendihydriden und Bismutalkoxiden entstehen Komplexe, in denen Molybdän- und Bismutatome Über Metallbindungen verbunden sind. In einigen dieser Komplexe wurden intramolekulare C-H Aktivierungsprozesse beobachtet, die zur Ausbildung gebogener Bindungen zwischen Bismut- und Cyclopentadienyl-Kohlenstoffatomen führen. Die betreffenden Komplexe wurden unter anderem auch mit quantenchemischen Methoden untersucht. Die Synthese und erstmalige strukturelle Charakterisierung von Verbindungen, in denen Molybdän- und Bismutatome Über Sauerstoffatome verbrückt werden, erfolgte mittels Reaktionen zwischen (NBu4)[Cp*MoO3] (Cp* = Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) und geeigneten Bismut(V) oder Bismut(III)-Ausgangsstoffen. Einer dieser Komplexe konnte als Einkomponentenvorstufe für die Herstellung von Bismutmolybdat-Nanopartikeln eingesetzt werden, wobei sich das dabei gebildete Material zudem als selektiver Ethanolsensor erwies. Weiterhin werden in der Arbeit die Synthese und Charakterisierung der Bismut(III)-Verbindungen (o-Tolyl)2BiOR (R = H, Me, Bi(o-Tolyl)2) und ihre wechselseitige Umwandlung beschrieben. / The unique property of nMoO3/Bi2O3 phases to act as catalysts for the allylic oxidation of propene remains a subject of intense discussion. This as well as the fact that Mo/Bi oxide materials also show other interesting properties e.g. as gas sensors, stimulates research with respect to this element combination also on the molecular level, as described in this thesis. By reactions between molybdocenedihydrides and bismuth alkoxides a series of complexes was synthesised which contain molybdenum-bismuth bonds in a carbonyl-free ligand sphere. Intramolecular C-H activation processes, facilitated by complex induced proximity effects, lead to the formation of bent bonds in some of these complexes. DFT-calculations were performed in order to obtain insight into the bonding situation of these complexes, too. The first complexes with oxygen bridged molybdenum and bismuth atoms were prepared by reactions between (NBu4)[Cp*MoO3] (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienide) and suited bismuth(III) and bismuth(V) reagents. One of these compounds was used as single source precursor for the preparation of bismuthmolybdate nanoparticles in a procedure based on the polyol method. This material proved to be capable of sensing ethanol selectively at elevated temperatures. Additionally, the synthesis and reactions of some bismuth(III) compounds (o-Tolyl)2BiOR (R = H, Me, Bi(o-Tolyl)2) are described in this thesis.

Le fait qu'un composé métal-organique contienne à la fois une partie organique et une partie inorganique, rend ces systèmes hautement modulables, de la dimensionnalité de leur structure aux propriétés obtenues. Ainsi, la chimie de coordination a été axée sur la synthèse de nouveaux matériaux à base de cations 3d et 4f, liés par des ligands organiques avec des groupes fonctionnels de nature chimique différente, ce qui permet de trouver à ces matériaux intéressants des propriétés telles que la luminescence, l'optique non linéaire et le magnétisme. En outre, la synthèse de composés métal-organique de dimensionnalité supérieur a été dominé par les longues durées de réaction, en plus de l'utilisation de solvants organiques exposés à des conditions de température et supérieures à celles utilisées dans des procédés de synthèse classique pression. Cependant, au cours des dernières années, l'intérêt s'est accru dans le développement de nouvelles techniques de synthèse avec des temps de réaction plus courts et plus favorables à l'environnement, tels que la mécanochimie et la sonochimie. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons la synthèse, la caractérisation structurale et optique de neuf composés de coordination basés sur le liant d'imidazole-4-acide acrylique. Les composés sont classés en deux types: (1) sur la base des cations nd, à l'intérieur qui sont les précurseurs du type [M(HIA)2(H2O)4] (M = CuII, NiII, CdII et ZnII), obtenu par synthèse mécanochimique, et le polymère de coordination {[Cd(H2IA)(HIA)(H2O)2]2∙H2O(NO3)2}n obtenu par sonochimique; et (2) des composés hétérométallique nd/4f, qui sont basées sur la Cu(II)/Eu(III), Cu(II)/Gd(III), Cu(II)/Ce(III) et cations Cd(II)/Ce(IV), tous obtenus par synthèse sonochimique. Il est à noter que les composés basés sur les cations Cu(II)/Ln(III) ont également été caractérisés magnétiquement. De plus, une famille de composés à base de Ni(II)/Ln(II), obtenue par synthèse structurale est rapportée. / The fact that metal-organic compound contains an organic and an inorganic part, makes these systems highly modulable, from the dimensionality of their structure to the properties that are obtained. For this reason during the last time, the coordination chemistry has been focused on the synthesis of new materials based on 3d and 4f cations, linked through organic ligand with functional groups of different chemical nature, which contribute to obtain new materials with interesting properties such as luminescence, non-linear optics and magnetism, among others. On the other hand, the synthesis of metal-organic compounds of greater dimensionality has been dominated by long reaction times, using organic solvents exposed to conditions of temperature and pressure higher than those used in traditional synthesis methods. However, the interest for new synthetic techniques with shorter reaction times and more friendly to the environment, such as mechanochemistry and sonochemistry has grown in last years. In this thesis, are reported the synthesis, structural and optical characterization of nine coordination compounds based on the imidazole-4-acrylic acid ligand. The compounds are classified into two types: (1) based on nd cations, which are the precursors of the type [M(HIA)2(H2O)4] (with M = CuII, NiII, CdII and ZnII), obtained by mechanochemical synthesis, and also the coordination polymer {[Cd(H2IA)(HIA)(H2O)2]2·H2O(NO3)2}n obtained by sonochemistry; and (2) nd/4f heterometallic compounds obtained by sonochemical synthesis, which are based on the CuII/EuIII, CuII/GdIII, CuII/CeIII and CdII/CeIV cations. It should be noted that the compounds based on the CuII/LnIII cations were also magnetically characterized. Additionally, a family of compounds based on NiII/LnII, obtained by structural synthesis is reported. Although, the H2IA ligand does not participate in the final product, the compounds are considered novel from the structural point of view, because the Ln2+ cation, had stabilized only in organometallic compounds until now. Finally, it is important to highlight that the thesis work presented has been carried out within the framework of a co-supervision between the Université de Rennes 1, France, and the Andrés Bello University, Chile, for which two stays were made in France, with six months of duration each one. The results presented were obtained in Laboratoire ISCR Institut des Sciences Chimiques in Rennes, France, and in the Laboratorio de Compuestos Polimetálicos, Chile.

No description available.

Τα ετερομεταλλικά σύμπλοκα μεταβατικών μετάλλων-λανθανιδίων (Ln) έχουν μεγάλη σημασία εξαιτίας των σημαντικών φυσικών (μαγνητικών και οπτικών) ιδιοτήτων τους. Μόνο λίγες πλειάδες ΝiII/LnIII και πολυμερή ένταξης έχουν αναφερθεί μέχρι σήμερα. Δύο γενικές προσεγγίσεις για τη σύνθεση συμπλόκων ΝiII/LnIII είναι: η στρατηγική που βασίζεται στη χρησιμοποίηση «μεταλλικών συμπλόκων ως υποκαταστατών» και η στρατηγική που βασίζεται στην «απλή ανάμιξη των συστατικών». Στην παρούσα Διπλωματική Εργασία εφαρμόζεται η δεύτερη κατά σειρά προσέγγιση για την παρασκευή των ακόλουθων ετερομεταλλικών συμπλόκων: [Ni8Tb8O(OH)4(Pao)28](ClO4)5(NO3).xMeOH.yH2O (1.xMeOH.yH2O) [Ni8Ηο8O(OH)4(Pao)28](ClO4)5(NO3).xMeOH.yH2O (2.xMeOH.yH2O) [Ni8Υ8O(OH)4(Pao)28](ClO4)5(NO3).xMeOH.yH2O (3.xMeOH.yH2O) [Ni8Eu8O(OH)4(Pao)28](ClO4)5(NO3).xMeOH.yH2O (4.xMeOH.yH2O) [Ni8Sm8O(OH)4(Pao)28](ClO4)5(NO3).xMeOH.yH2O (5.xMeOH.yH2O) [Ni8Gd8O(OH)4(Pao)28](ClO4)5(NO3).xMeOH.yH2O (6.xMeOH.yH2O) [Ni4Er4(OH)2(Pao)14(PaoH)2](ClO4)4.4MeOH.2H2O (7.4MeOH.2H2O) [Ni4Yb4(OH)2(Pao)14(PaoH)2](ClO4)4.4MeOH.2H2O (8.4MeOH.2H2O) [NiDy(OH)2(Phpao)3(NO3)2(MeOH)].xMeOH (9.xMeOH) {[NiDy(Mepao)3(MepaoH)3](ClO4)2}2.xMeOH.yH2O (10.xMeOH.yH2O) {[NiCe(Mepao)3(MepaoH)3](ClO4)2}2.xMeOH.yH2O (11.xMeOH.yH2O) {[NiPr(Mepao)3(MepaoH)3](ClO4)2}2.xMeOH.yH2O (12.xMeOH.yH2O) {[NiNd(Mepao)3(MepaoH)3](ClO4)2}2.xMeOH.yH2O (13.xMeOH.yH2O) {[NiSm(Mepao)3(MepaoH)3](ClO4)2}2.xMeOH.yH2O (14.xMeOH.yH2O) {[NiEu(Mepao)3(MepaoH)3](ClO4)2}2.xMeOH.yH2O (15.xMeOH.yH2O) {[NiTb(Mepao)3(MepaoH)3](ClO4)2}2.xMeOH.yH2O (16.xMeOH.yH2O) {[NiHo(Mepao)3(MepaoH)3](ClO4)2}2.xMeOH.yH2O (17.xMeOH.yH2O) {[NiEr(Mepao)3(MepaoH)3](ClO4)2}2.xMeOH.yH2O (18.xMeOH.yH2O) {[NiGd(Mepao)3(MepaoH)3](ClO4)2}2.xMeOH.yH2O (19.xMeOH.yH2O) όπου PaoH = 2-πυριδυλοαλδοξίμη, MepaoH = μέθυλο 2-πυριδυλοκετονοξίμη και PhpaoH = φαίνυλο 2-πυριδυλοκετονοξίμη. Οι μοριακές και κρυσταλλικές δομές των συμπλόκων προσδιορίστηκαν με κρυσταλλογραφία ακτίνων-Χ επί μονοκρυστάλλου. Eπίσης μελετήθηκαν οι μαγνητικές και οι οπτικές ιδιότητες επιλεγμένων συμπλόκων. / Heterometallic transition metal-lanthanide (Ln) complexes are of great importance because of their interesting physical (magnetic and optical) properties. Only few ΝiII/LnIII clusters and coordination polymers have been reported to date. Two general approaches for the synthesis of ΝiII/LnIII complexes are: the «metal complexes as ligands» strategy and the «one pot procedure» strategy. Here, the second approach has been applied for the preparation of the following complexes: [Ni8Tb8O(OH)4(Pao)28](ClO4)5(NO3).xMeOH.yH2O (1.xMeOH.yH2O) [Ni8Ηο8O(OH)4(Pao)28](ClO4)5(NO3).xMeOH.yH2O (2.xMeOH.yH2O) [Ni8Υ8O(OH)4(Pao)28](ClO4)5(NO3).xMeOH.yH2O (3.xMeOH.yH2O) [Ni8Eu8O(OH)4(Pao)28](ClO4)5(NO3).xMeOH.yH2O (4.xMeOH.yH2O) [Ni8Sm8O(OH)4(Pao)28](ClO4)5(NO3).xMeOH.yH2O (5.xMeOH.yH2O) [Ni8Gd8O(OH)4(Pao)28](ClO4)5(NO3).xMeOH.yH2O (6.xMeOH.yH2O) [Ni4Er4(OH)2(Pao)14(PaoH)2](ClO4)4.4MeOH.2H2O (7.4MeOH.2H2O) [Ni4Yb4(OH)2(Pao)14(PaoH)2](ClO4)4.4MeOH.2H2O (8.4MeOH.2H2O) [NiDy(OH)2(Phpao)3(NO3)2(MeOH)].xMeOH (9.xMeOH) {[NiDy(Mepao)3(MepaoH)3](ClO4)2}2.xMeOH.yH2O (10.xMeOH.yH2O) {[NiCe(Mepao)3(MepaoH)3](ClO4)2}2.xMeOH.yH2O (11.xMeOH.yH2O) {[NiPr(Mepao)3(MepaoH)3](ClO4)2}2.xMeOH.yH2O (12.xMeOH.yH2O) {[NiNd(Mepao)3(MepaoH)3](ClO4)2}2.xMeOH.yH2O (13.xMeOH.yH2O) {[NiSm(Mepao)3(MepaoH)3](ClO4)2}2.xMeOH.yH2O (14.xMeOH.yH2O) {[NiEu(Mepao)3(MepaoH)3](ClO4)2}2.xMeOH.yH2O (15.xMeOH.yH2O) {[NiTb(Mepao)3(MepaoH)3](ClO4)2}2.xMeOH.yH2O (16.xMeOH.yH2O) {[NiHo(Mepao)3(MepaoH)3](ClO4)2}2.xMeOH.yH2O (17.xMeOH.yH2O) {[NiEr(Mepao)3(MepaoH)3](ClO4)2}2.xMeOH.yH2O (18.xMeOH.yH2O) {[NiGd(Mepao)3(MepaoH)3](ClO4)2}2.xMeOH.yH2O (19.xMeOH.yH2O) where PaoH = 2-pyridylaldoxime, MepaoH = methyl 2-pyridylketoxime and PhpaoH = phenyl 2-pyridylketoxime. The molecular and crystal structures of the complexes have been determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The magnetic and optical properties of selected complexes have also been studied.

Τα διπυρηνικά και πολυπυρηνικά σύμπλοκα που περιέχουν 3d μεταλλοϊόντα και λανθανίδια(ΙΙΙ) αποτελούν πόλο έλξης για τους ανόργανους χημικούς κυρίως λόγω των ενδιαφερουσών μαγνητικών τους ιδιοτήτων. Σε αυτή την Διπλωματική Εργασία περιγράφουμε τις αντιδράσεις του ένυδρου νιτρικού δυσπροσίου(ΙΙΙ) και του ένυδρου υπερχλωρικού κοβαλτίου(ΙΙ) με την 2- πυρίδυλο αλδοξίμη, (py)C(H)NOH (PaoH), και με την φαίνυλο 2-πυριδυλοκετονοξίμης, (py)C(Ph)NOH (PhpaoH). Το σύστημα της αντίδρασης με PaoH σε διαλύτη MeOH, χωρίς προσθήκη βάσης, οδήγησε στο σχηματισμό του μονοπυρηνικού συμπλόκου [Co(Paο)2(PaoH)](ClO4), ενώ η ίδια αντίδραση παρουσία βάσης έδωσε το τριπυρηνικό σύμπλοκο [Co2Dy(Pao)6(DMF)(H2O)](ClO4)3. Το σύστημα αντίδρασης με διαλύτη MeOH και παρουσία βάσης, αλλά με υποκαταστάτη PhpaoH, οδήγησε στο σχηματισμό του δυπυρηνικού συμπλόκου [CoDy(PhPao)3(NO3)]3. Οι σύμπλοκες ενώσεις χαρακτηρίστηκαν με IR φασματοσκοπία, ενώ οι δομές τους προσδιορίστηκαν με κρυσταλλογραφία ακτίνων-Χ επί μονοκρυστάλλου. / Dinuclear and polynuclear complexes of 3d metals with the 4f metals attract the intense interest of inorganic chemists, mainly because of their interesting magnetic properties. In this Diploma Work we describe the reactions of hydrated dysprosium(III) nitrate and hydrated cobalt(II) perchlorate with 2- pyridyl aldoxime, (py)C(H)NOH (PaoH), and phenyl 2- pyridylKetoxime, (py)C(Ph)NOH (PhpaoH). The reaction system with PaoH and MeOH as solvent without the addition of base, has led to the formation of the mononuclear complex [Co(Paο)2(PaoH)](ClO4), while the same reaction with the addition of base has led to the formation of the trinuclear complex [Co2Dy(Pao)6 (DMF)(H2O)](ClO4)3. The reaction system with MeOH as solvent in the presence of base, but with PhpaoH as a ligant, has led to the formation of the dinuclear complex [CoDy(Phpao)3(NO3)]3. The complexes were characterized by IR spectroscopy, while their structures were determined using single crystal X- ray crystallography.

This thesis entitled “Electronic Structure and Bonding in Metallaboranes and Main Group Compounds” consists of five chapters. Chapter 1 gives an exposition of concepts and techniques used in understanding the electronic structure and bonding in some chemically interesting molecules. Heuristics concepts like isolobal analogy and electron counting rules are used in analyzing and predicting some novel chemical systems. A brief description of computational techniques such as density functional theory (DFT) based methods are used to quantitatively examine the structures and energies of these systems. In chapter 2 we present a critical analysis of bonding in neutral and dianionic stannadiphospholes and compare the potential energy surfaces with the isoelectronic Cp+ and Cp- species. The analysis indicates that Sn can be a better isolobal analogue to P+ than to BH or CH+. In chapter 3 we present new strategy to stabilize B2H4 in planar configuration using transition metal fragments. This requires the metal to donate two electrons into the empty B-B π orbital. Such complexes present a unique case study to the classical DCD model of metal-π complex. In chapter 4 we study the bonding in some recently synthesized metallaboranes which does not follow conventional electron counting rules. The complex and non-canonical nature of these metallaboranes feature some unique bonding patterns which are elucidated using theoretical techniques. In the final chapter we present new approach to build metal coated boron fullerenes. We use electron counting rules to device new structures which show enhanced metal boron bonding.