O homem cada vez mais interfere e contamina o meio ambiente. Acidentes envolvendo o derramamento de substâncias químicas no solo tem sido cada vez mais frequente, gerando preocupação aos órgãos ambientais, visto que essa contaminação promove riscos à saúde humana, o que torna necessário intervenções que impulsionam o aprimoramento de técnicas de remediação. Dentre essas técnicas, a utilização de nanopartículas, em especial as nanopartículas de ferro de valência zero, têm se destacado para uso em remediação devido ao baixo custo de produção, elevada reatividade para contaminantes orgânicos e inorgânicos e baixa toxicidade. Para contaminantes inorgânicos não se tem definidas as melhores relações de nano ferro em relação ao contaminante e também o comportamento no solo. Dessa forma o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o transporte e a aplicação de nanopartículas de ferro para remediação de um solo residual argiloso, contaminado com cromo hexavalente. O trabalho foi dividido em três fases, em que na primeira foi avaliado a melhor concentração, tipo de nano ferro e determinação do parâmetro de filtração através do uso do ensaio em coluna de parede flexível com corpos de prova indeformados. Na segunda fase, a partir dos resultados da primeira, foram realizados ensaios de remediação do solo contaminado em bancada para se definir as melhores relações entre o nano ferro e o contaminante. E na terceira fase foram realizados ensaios com corpos de prova deformados e contaminados (800mg/Kg de Cr(VI)), para se avaliar a influência da pressão de injeção na eficiência do processo de redução do Cr (VI) Para realização dos ensaios de coluna, foi utilizado um solo residual argiloso, moldando-se corpos de prova de 5 cm de diâmetro e 5 cm de altura, utilizados na fase 1 e 3. Para avaliação do transporte e determinação do parâmetro de mobilidade de filtração foram utilizados 3 tipos de nanopartículas de ferro com e sem estabilizantes, nas concentrações de (1g/L, 4g/L, 7g/L e 10g/L), avaliando mudança na condutividade hidráulica do solo e concentração retida no meio. O parâmetro de filtração foi determinado utilizando-se o modelo analítico proposto por Reddy et al., (2014). Os resultados demonstram que as nanopartículas apresentam uma alta reatividade, porém baixa mobilidade para concentrações mais elevadas, tendo influência também o uso de estabilizantes. Os melhores valores obtidos nesta fase foram para concentrações de 1g/L e 4g/L, tanto para a mobilidade, quanto para a mudança na condutividade do meio O parâmetro de filtração, variou de 10-3s-1, para o nano ferro com surfactante e 10-2s-1, para o nano ferro sem surfactante. Para a remediação do cromo hexavalente se observou uma eficiência de 87% para a relação de 1000mg de Fe° para 23 mg de Cr(VI). Utilizando 4g/L na referida relação agente redutor e contaminante, em coluna se observou que maiores valores de pressão aumentam a eficiência da redução, porém acabam favorecendo a colmatação dos vazios do solo pelas nanopartículas. Utilizando uma pressão de 100Kpa, se obteve um valor de redução máximo próximo de 50%, muito menor que aqueles em bancada. Assim o uso de nanopartículas de ferro é eficiente para remediação de um solo argiloso contaminado com cromo (VI) ex situ, pois o contato do contaminante com o agente redutor se torna mais fácil pela melhor homogeneização do solo. As nanopartículas com surfactante apresentam melhor movimentação no solo e menor valor de filtração, sendo indicado o uso de uma concentração de até 4 g/L para não alterar as características naturais do meio. / The human being is constantly interfering and contaminating the environment. Accidents evolving the spill of chemical and toxic substances in the soil has been more frequently nowadays. This topic became a concern to the environmental regulation departments around the world, since this contaminations promote risks to the human health. In this way the necessity for improvements in the remediation techniques is required. Among the techniques, the use of nanoparticles zero valent iron has being highlight for use in remediation process due it's low cost for production, low toxicity and high reactivity for organic and inorganic contaminants. For inorganic contaminants the best nanoiron/contaminant ration and also the behavior in the soil have not been defined. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the transport and the application of iron nanoparticles for the remediation of residual clay soil contaminated with hexavalent chromium The work is divided in three phases: The first evaluated the best concentration, type of nanoiron and determination of the filtration parameter through the use of the flexible wall column test with undeformed specimens. In the second phase, from the results of the first phase remediation tests were carried out on the contaminated soil in the workbench to define the best relations between the nanoiron and the contaminant. In the third phase, tests with deformed and contaminated test specimens (800 mg / kg Cr (VI)) were carried out to evaluate the influence of the injection pressure on the Cr (VI) reduction efficiency. To perform the column tests, a residual clay soil was used, molding test pieces 5 cm in diameter and 5 cm in height, used in phase 1 and 3. For evaluation of the transport and determination of the parameter of mobility of filtration (1 g / L, 4 g / L, 7 g / L and 10 g / L) were used, evaluating changes in soil hydraulic conductivity and the concentration retained in the system. The filtration parameter was determined using the analytical model proposed by Reddy et al., (2014).The results demonstrate that the nanoparticles have a high reactivity, but low mobility at higher concentrations, and also the use of stabilizers. The best values obtained in this phase were for concentrations of 1g/L and 4 g/L, both for mobility and for the change in conductivity of the system The filtration parameter ranged from 10-3s-1, for the nanoiron with surfactant and 10-2s-1, to the nanoiron without surfactant. For the remediation of the hexavalent chromium, an efficiency of 87% was observed for the ratio of 1000mg Fe ° to 23mg Cr (VI). By using 4g / L in the referred reducing agent and contaminant ratio, it was observed in column that higher pressure values increase the reduction efficiency, but they end up favoring the filling of the voids of the soil by the nanoparticles. Using a pressure of 100Kpa, a maximum reduction value of around 50% was obtained, much lower than those in bench. Thus, the use of iron nanoparticles is efficient for the remediation of a clay soil contaminated with chromium (VI) in deformed samples, since the contact of the contaminant with the reducing agent is made easier by better homogenization of the soil. The nanoparticles with surfactant present better a better movement in the soil and a lower filtration value, being indicated the use of a concentration of up to 4 g/l in order not to alter the natural characteristics of the system.

abstract: Arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) occur naturally in AZ surface and groundwaters, pose different health impacts, and exhibit different treatment efficacies. Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) has newly recognized human health concerns, and State and Federal agencies are evaluating a low Cr(VI)-specific maximum contaminant level (MCL) for drinking water. Occurrence of Cr and As in municipal drinking waters and industrial cooling tower waters was quantified by grab samples and compared with sampling results obtained from a new passive sampler developed specifically for Cr(VI). Cr(VI) and As concentrations in groundwater used for cooling tower make-up water concentrations were ~3 ppb and ~4 ppb, respectively, and were concentrated significantly in blowdown water (~20 ppb and ~40 ppb). Based upon pending Cr(VI), As, and other metal regulations, these blowdown waters will need routine monitoring and treatment. Cr(VI) concentrations in a water treatment plant (WTP) raw and finished water samples varied from 0.5 and 2 ppb for grab samples collected every 4 hours for 7 consecutive days using an ISCO sampler. The development of an ion exchange (IX) based passive sampler was validated in the field at the WTP and yielded an average exposure within 1 standard deviation of ISCO sampler grab data. Sampling at both the WTP and cooling towers suggested sources of Cr(III) from treatment chemicals or wood preservatives may exist. Since both facilities use chlorine oxidants, I quantified the apparent (pH=5) second-order rate constant for aqueous chlorine (HOCl/OCl-) with Cr(III) to form Cr(VI) as 0.7 M-1s-1. Under typical conditions (2 ppb Cr(III) ; 2 mg/L Cl2) the half-life for the conversion of Cr(III) to the more toxic form Cr(VI) is 4.7 hours. The occurrence studies in AZ and CA show the Cr(VI) and As treatment of groundwaters will be required to meet stringent Cr(VI) regulations. IX technologies, both strong base anion (SBA) and weak base anion (WBA) resin types were screened (and compared) for Cr removal. The SBA IX process for As removal was optimized by utilizing a reactive iron coagulation and filtration (RCF) process to treat spent IX brine, which was then reused to for SBA resin regeneration. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Civil and Environmental Engineering 2014

O cromo hexavalente – Cr(VI) – presente nos efluentes das indústrias galvânicas, entre outras, é tóxico para maioria dos micro-organismos e potencialmente danoso para a saúde humana. No presente trabalho se estuda a redução de Cr(VI) pelos processos fotoquímicos com álcoois e fotocatálise heterogênea, primeiramente em um reator batelada, com objetivo de obter o melhor processo para aplicação industrial. Na sequência, foram realizados experimentos com efluente industrial, contendo Cr(VI), proveniente de uma indústria galvânica. Após, foram projetados e construídos dois reatores contínuos, o reator em forma de espiral e o reator tubular (radiação artificial e luz solar), com intuito de viabilizar a aplicação industrial do melhor processo de redução de Cr(VI). As reações de redução fotocatalítica de Cr(VI), sob radiação UV, alcançaram reduções totais de Cr(VI) de 66,5% e 56,7% para os catalisadores TiO2 e ZnO, respectivamente, indicando que o catalisador TiO2 foi mais eficiente que o catalisador ZnO. As reações de redução fotoquímica de Cr(VI) com etanol apresentaram altos valores de redução total de Cr(VI), sendo que as reações sob radiação UV (96,1%) foram mais eficientes que as reações sob radiação visível (48,1%). Na redução fotocatalítica de Cr(VI) com TiO2, na presença de etanol, sob radiação UV, foi observada uma redução de Cr(VI) de 92,9% maior do que a redução obtida nas reações fotocatalíticas com TiO2 sob radiação UV (66,5%), evidenciando o efeito sinérgico entre a oxidação do etanol e a redução do Cr(VI). Quando usados com efluente industrial, estes processos mostraram-se eficientes e obtiveram altos valores de redução total de Cr(VI), possibilitando o uso destes tratamentos para remoção de Cr(VI) presente em efluentes de indústrias galvânicas. Entretanto, dentre estes processos estudados, o mais indicado para aplicação industrial foi a fotoquímica com etanol sob radiação UV, pois dispensa o uso de processos de separação do catalisador e apresenta menores custos com reagentes, sendo o etanol de baixo custo, não tóxico e de fácil aquisição. O reator contínuo espiral, projetado e construído, mostrou-se mais eficiente do que o reator batelada, apresentando uma eficiência fotônica de 2,5% comparada a 1,4% para o reator batelada. Ainda, este reator mostrou-se eficiente quando usado com efluente industrial, apresentando uma redução total de Cr(VI) de 51,8%, em 6 horas de reação, sendo sua configuração considerada suscetível para um scale-up. Assim, um reator tubular (radiação artificial e luz solar) foi projetado e construído em escala semi-piloto. Este reator apresentou uma remediação de Cr(VI), presente no efluente industrial, de 86,7% em 6 horas de reação sob luz solar e mostrou uma eficiência fotônica maior do que o reator contínuo espiral. Ainda, o reator tubular apresentou eficiência fotônica similar quando usado com lâmpadas (5,6%) ou luz solar (5,5%), porém as reações sob luz solar mostraram uma maior redução total de Cr(VI) quando comparadas com as reações sob radiação artificial. Assim, o reator tubular, projetado e construído, mostrou-se eficiente quando aplicado para o tratamento de efluente industrial contendo Cr(VI), pelo processo de redução fotoquímica. Além disso, o uso do reator tubular solar minimiza a quantidade de energia elétrica necessária para a reação, reduzindo não somente os custos do processo, como também se tornando uma tecnologia ambientalmente sustentável. / Hexavalent chromium – Cr(VI) – present in wastewater discharge of galvanic industries is toxic to most microorganisms and potentially harmful to human health. In this work were studied Cr(VI) reduction by heterogeneous photocatalysis and photochemistry with alcohols processes, firstly in a batch reactor, in order to obtain the best process for industrial application. Subsequently, experiments were conducted using real wastewater from an electroplating plant. In order to feasible the industrial application of best Cr(VI) reduction process were designed and built two continuous reactors, the spiral shaped reactor and the tubular reactor (artificial radiation and sunlight). The photocatalytic reduction reaction of Cr(VI) under UV radiation achieved total Cr(VI) reduction of 66.5% and 56.7% for TiO2 and ZnO catalysts, respectively, indicating that the TiO2 catalyst was more efficient than ZnO catalyst. The photochemical reduction reaction of Cr(VI) with ethanol presented high values of total Cr(VI) reduction, and the reactions under UV radiation (96.10%) were more efficient than the reactions under visible radiation (48.1%). In the photocatalytic reduction reaction of Cr(VI) with TiO2 in the presence of ethanol under UV radiation was observed a Cr(VI) reduction of 92.9% greater than the reduction obtained in the photocatalytic reactions with TiO2 under UV radiation (66.5%), demonstrating the synergistic effect between ethanol oxidation and Cr(VI) reduction. When used with real wastewater these processes proved to be efficient and showed high values of total Cr(VI) reduction, enabling the use of these treatments for removal of Cr(VI) present in wastewater discharge of galvanic industries. However, among these processes studied, the most suitable for industrial application appears to be photochemistry with ethanol under UV radiation, because it does not require catalyst separation processes and presents lower reagent costs, since ethanol is inexpensive, non-toxic and easy to purchase. The spiral shaped reactor, which was designed and built, showed more efficient than the batch reactor, presenting a photonic efficiency of 2.5% compared to 1.4% for the batch reactor. Additionally, this reactor was effective when applied to real wastewater, presenting a total Cr(VI) reduction of 51.8% in 6 hours of reaction, and its configuration is suitable for scale up. Thus, a tubular reactor (artificial radiation and sunlight) was designed and built in semi-pilot scale. This reactor presented a Cr(VI) remediation of 86.7% in 6 hours of reaction under sunlight and showed a photonic efficiency higher than spiral shaped reactor. Additionally, the tubular reactor presented similar photonic efficiency when used with either lamps (5.6%) or sunlight (5.5%), however the reactions under sunlight showed a greater total Cr(VI) reduction when compared to the reactions under artificial radiation. Therefore, the tubular reactor, which was designed and built, proved to be efficient when applied to treatment of real wastewater containing Cr(VI) by photochemical reduction process. Furthermore, the use of a solar tubular reactor minimizes the amount of electricity required for the reaction, which not only reduces process costs, but also makes the technology more environmentally sustainable.

Avaliação ambiental, biológica e médica foram realizadas em 17 cromadores de 9 galvânicas do Estado de São Paulo, sendo cinco de cromo decorativo e quatro de cromo duro. O ar do ambiente de trabalho foi coletado individual e estacionariamente durante a semana de trabalho. Amostras de urina dos cromadores, foram coletadas no início e final do período de trabalho, encontrando-se uma correlação entre cromo urinário final e cromo no ar de 0,5. Usou-se a Absorção Atômica com Forno de Grafite GFAAS para determinar-se a concentração de cromo no ar ( Cr-ar) e cromo urinário ( Cr-U). O cromo hexavalente Cr (VI) foi extraído dos filtros de membrana de PVC com porosidade 5 µm com o tampão ácido acético/acetato de sódio, com a complexação do Cr (VI) feita por APDC. O complexo foi extraído com MIK. O limite de detecção foi de 1,1 µg/L. O Cr-U foi analisado diretamente por GFAAS com o limite de detecção 0,50 µg/L utilizando-se como modificador de matriz, nitrato de magnésio hexahidratado. Sem o modificador de matriz o limite de detecção foi de 0,14 µg/L. As concentrações de Cr (VI) no ar nas galvânicas de cromo decorativo variaram de 0,3 a 64,6 µg/m3 e nas de cromo duro variaram de 4,1 a 72,8 µg/m3 , mostrando a inadequação de alguns sistemas de exaustão. 60% dos cromadores das galvânicas de cromo duro tinham o septo nasal perfurado e todos os cromadores avaliados clinicamente tinham alterações nas vias aéreas superiores. O Cr-Uf que é utilizado como indicador biológico para compostos solúveis de cromo hexavalente, em muitos casos seus valores deram menores que o Cr-Ui, necessitando-se de estudos mais aprofundados quanto a esse aspecto, para evitar que o trabalhador possa ser prejudicado com resultados nem sempre condizentes com sua exposição. / Environmental, biological and medical evaluations was made in 17th workers of 9 chrome plating plants of the State of Sao Paulo, being 5 of decorative chrome plating and 4 of hard chrome plating. Environmental air samples were individual and stationarily collected during are week. Worker\'s urine samples were collected in the starting and in the end of the working period and it was obtained a correlation of 0,5 between the final urine chromium content and chromium air content. Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry GFAAS was used for the determination of the chromium levels in the air (Cr-air) and in the urine(Cr-U). The Cr (VI) was extrated of the PVC membrane filters with an acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer and the Cr (VI) was isolated with APDC/MIBK. The detection limit obtained was 1,1 µg/L. The Cr-U was analised directly by GFAAS and the detection limit obtained was 0,50 µg/L, using magnesium Nitrate as matrix modifier and 0,14 µg/L without matrix modifier. The Cr (VI) concentration in the air was in the range of 0,3 to 64,6 µg/m3 in the decorative chrome plating and of 4,1 to 72,8 µg/m3 in the hard chrome plating, showing that the exhaust systems were inadequate. 60% of the workers of the hard chrome plating had perforation in the nasal cartilage and alI workers clinically evaluated presented alterations in the upper respiratory airway. The Cr-Uf that is used as biological indicator for the Cr(VI) soluble compounds, in many cases presented lower levels that the Cr-Ui showing that it is necessary more studies about this subject. In order to present inadequated results concerning the worker\'s exposition.

Biological remediation of Cr(VI) contaminated soil and groundwater is an emerging field. In this study, the in situ bioremediation technology for treating Cr(VI) contaminated groundwater aquifers was evaluated using a laboratory microcosm system. The study was conducted using columns with five equally spaced intermediate sampling ports along the length to facilitate finite difference modelling of the Cr(VI) concentration profile within the column. Cr(VI) concentration was continuously measured in the influent, in five equally spaced intermediate ports within the column and in the effluent port. The change or the shift in microbial community within the inoculated column was also monitored due to exposure to toxic conditions after seven weeks of operation using the 16S rRNA genotype fingerprinting method. The effect of introducing a natural carbon source (sawdust) in inoculated columns in comparison with the performance of sterile controls under various loading conditions was also evaluated. Near complete Cr(VI) removal was achieved in an inoculated carbon source reactor, whereas only 69.5% of Cr(VI) removal was achieved in an inoculated column without an added carbon source after 4 days of operation at 20 mg/L. In a sterile control reactor less than 2% of Cr(VI) was removed after 4 days of operation at 20 mg/L. Experimental cores demonstrated a successful Cr(VI) reduction process in the simulated microbial barrier system that was evaluated internally. The model that simulates Cr(VI) removal and transport in the subsoil environment was developed. The Cr(VI) mass balance model across the reactor that accounts for the flow characteristics and biological removal mechanism successfully captured the trends of Cr(VI) response profiles under quasi-steady state conditions for different loading conditions. This study demonstrate the potential of applying effective Cr(VI) reducers in the reactive barrier systems to contain or attenuate the spread of Cr(VI) contaminant in groundwater aquifer systems. The finite difference model developed in this study to evaluate the behaviour of Cr(VI) in the reactor could contribute towards improved designs of future in situ bioremediation systems that can be implemented for remediation of Cr(VI) on site. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Chemical Engineering / unrestricted

Chromium exists largely in two oxidation states, namely hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) which is carcinogenic, mutagenic to living organisms including humans and trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) which is known to be 1000 times less toxic than Cr(VI). It is therefore desirable in most cases to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Various studies have been conducted on the Cr(VI) reduction process either in situ or ex situ. However in situ bioremediation using permeable reactive barrier system appears as a potential and attractive technology compared to other in situ technologies. This study was conducted to evaluate the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in the short term and regeneration of the biological reactive barrier to achieve continuous long term operation. It was observed from the study that the chromium hydroxide Cr(OH)3(s) precipitated and thus affected the porosity and hydraulic conductivity of the barrier system. It was therefore proposed to implement a regeneration process involving remobilization of precipitated Cr(OH)3 using a dilute acid (0.1% HCl) and recover Cr(III) by electrokinetics. Lowering the pH in the reactor introduced harsh conditions which necessitated the evaluation of a possible culture shift during the regeneration phase. Microbial culture composition during bioremediation and after soil washing was evaluated using a 16S rRNA finger printing method. The microbial barrier was initially inoculated with indigenous bacterial species from dried sludge. The results presented in the phylogenic tree diagrams confirm that, after microbial barrier system operation, the well-known Cr(VI) reducers Bacillus mycoides, Lysinibacillus fusiformis and Micrococcus lylae were the predominant species in the microbial community of the barrier. The microbial barrier system successfully achieved near complete removal of Cr(VI), whereby approximately 75% Cr(VI) removal was achieved within 63 days of operation. The formation of Cr(OH)3(s) was observed in the second week of operation. After 4 weeks of operating the mesocosm under soil washing with 0.1% HCl and electrokinetics remediation with a DC voltage of 50-150 V an increase in total chromium (73%) was observed suggesting that the trapped chromium species in the mesocosm was effectively remobilized with the assumption that Cr(III) had attached to the cathode forming a white-yellow precipitate layer around the cathode. Additionally more than 95% Cr(VI) was transformed to lower toxicity Cr(III) during electrokinetics and soil washing remediation. However, one of the limitations of electrokinetics is near anode focusing effect whereby a layer of precipitate is formed around the anode that lead to the reduction of efficiency of the technology. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / lk2014 / Chemical Engineering / MSc / Unrestricted

M. Tech (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences) Vaal University of Technology. / Agricultural waste such as Macadamia nutshells are currently receiving more attention for removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). However, they have low adsorption capabilities when used in their raw form. In this study, the efficiency of using Macadamia nutshell powder modified with different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, grafted with 1,5’-diphenylcarbizide (DPC) for the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution was explored. The effects of various parameters controlling adsorption of Cr(VI) onto Macadamia adsorbents such as initial concentration, contact time, adsorbent concentration and pH were investigated. The optimal operating parameters for Macadamia nutshells treated with hydrogen peroxide (MHP) adsorbents were determined to be 75 mg/L, 3 h, 0.1 g and pH 1. The optimal operating parameters for Macadamia nutshells treated with hydrogen peroxide and grafted with 1,5’-diphenylcarbizide (MHPD) were determined to be 150 mg/L, 1 h, 0.1 g and pH 3. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of the adsorbents revealed that treated MHP showed amino groups attached to the adsorbents. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the grafted material lowered the thermal stability from 180◦C to 300◦C due to volatile nature of DPC. The surface of the MHPD materials was rough due to grafting. The results showed that the 1,5’-diphenylcarbazide treatment improved the removal efficiency of Cr(VI).

This study was designed to accomplish two primary objectives: (1) to compare two test methods commonly used to evaluate toxicity of inhaled air pollutants, and (2) to observe the response as measured by each of the methods, of pulmonary alveolar macrophages exposed to 2μg hexavalent chromium. The firs t method evaluated featured use of intratracheal injections to simulate live inhalation exposures, and the second required exposure of macrophages cultured on petri plates. Pulmonary alveolar macrophages harvested from Long Evans rats were used. The two cell function parameters measured in the evaluations were chemiluminescence and oxygen consumption (which was determined for cells at rest and during phagocytosis). These two tests have been shown to be sensitive indicators of macrophage damage. Results of CL output and oxygen consumption revealed the two methods were significantly different. Evaluation of macrophages from live animals treated with CrO3 or CaCrO4showed no differences between their respective untreated controls as determined by measurement of their chemiluminescence production or of oxygen consumption rates. Alveolar macrophages that were cultured in media during treatment with the same two forms of hexavalent chromium showed statistically significant differences from untreated controls. These comparisons indicate that choices of investigative toxicological models influence interpretation of data recorded.

No description available.

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Glalber Luiz da Rocha Ferreira - 2016.pdf: 1694646 bytes, checksum: 0edfdeae06383f7209358539abe161f7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-29 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The existing techniques for removing heavy metals are expensive and are often not effective. Thus the application arises from biosorbents, an emerging technology that needs to be studied and explored, in order to promote better environmental and human life quality. The study craved verify removal capacity in synthetic aqueous solutions of ions Cr (VI) at concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 mg/L by biosorption by use of active and inactive fungal biomass Pleurotus ostreatus. In the use of the active biosorbent, kinetic studies revealed that in 336 hours was achieved 100% of its saturation capacity at concentrations of 10 and 25 mg/L of Cr (VI), achieving total removal of Cr (VI) in the order of 250 times over the recommended limit for industrial effluents in CONAMA Resolution nº 430/2011, and 360 hours biomass reached its maximum capacity of saturation, reaching values of 98,18% and 96,84%, in concentrations of 50 and 75 mg/L of Cr (VI), respectively. Observing the concentrations of 100% removal was confirmed by analysis of the total EAA chromium values of 141,66 mg/g and 133,55 mg/g biomass respectively. The analysis revealed the micrographs by SEM and TEM we observed at the cellular composition of biomass the presence of bacterial cells associated with the fungus, which on analysis was not possible to know where the metal was in adsorbed, it is better to point out that it was possible to detect content chromium from the cellular structure of the biomass. In the use of the idle biosorbent, kinetic studies showed that 6, 10 and 12 minutes it was reaching 100% of its saturation capacity at concentrations of 10, 25 and 50 mg/L of Cr (VI), respectively, achieving total removal Cr (VI) in the order of 500 times over the recommended limit for industrial effluents in CONAMA Resolution No. 430/2011, and in 22 minutes biomass reached its maximum capacity of saturation, reaching values of 73,21% and 55,13% at concentrations of 75 and 100 mg/L of Cr (VI), respectively. The Langmuir model was the one that best fit the experimental data biosorbent P. ostreatus, when evaluating the separation factor (RL), responding to values between zero and 1. Now, considering the values of the coefficient of determination (R2), the Freundlich model fit better due to present higher values in relation to the Langmuir model. / As técnicas existentes de remoção de metais pesados são caras e muitas vezes não são eficientes. Dessa forma surge a aplicação de biossorventes, uma tecnologia emergente que precisa ser estudada e explorada, com o objetivo de promover melhor qualidade ambiental e da vida humana. O estudo almejou verificar a capacidade de remoção em soluções aquosas sintéticas de íons Cr(VI) nas concentrações de 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 e 150 mg/L, através da biossorção pela utilização da biomassa fúngica ativa e inativa de Pleurotus ostreatus. Na utilização do biossorvente ativo, os estudos cinéticos revelaram que em 336 horas foi alcançado 100% de sua capacidade de saturação nas concentrações de 10 e 25 mg/L de Cr(VI), alcançando uma remoção total de Cr(VI) na ordem de 250 vezes em relação ao limite preconizado para efluentes industriais na Resolução do CONAMA nº 430/2011, e em 360 horas a biomassa atingiu sua capacidade máxima de saturação, atingindo valores de 98,18% e 96,84%, nas concentrações de 50 e 75 mg/L de Cr(VI), respectivamente. Observando as concentrações de 100% de remoção, foi confirmando através da análise de EAA valores de crômio total de 141,66 mg/g e 133,55 mg/g de biomassa, respectivamente. Na análise revelada pelas microfotografias por MEV e MET foi possível verificar junto a composição celular da biomassa a presença de células bacterianas associadas ao fungo, que em análise não foi possível saber onde o metal se encontrava adsorvido, mais vale salientar que foi possível detectar conteúdo de crômio junto a estrutura celular da biomassa. Na utilização do biossorvente inativo, os estudos cinéticos revelaram que em 6, 10 e 12 minutos foi alcançando 100% de sua capacidade de saturação nas concentrações de 10, 25 e 50 mg/L de Cr(VI), respectivamente, alcançando uma remoção total de Cr(VI) na ordem de 500 vezes em relação ao limite preconizado para efluentes industriais na Resolução do CONAMA nº 430/2011, e em 22 minutos a biomassa atingiu sua capacidade máxima de saturação, atingindo valores de 73,21% e 55,13%, nas concentrações de 75 e 100 mg/L de Cr(VI), respectivamente. O modelo de Langmuir foi o que se melhor ajustou aos dados experimentais do biossorvente P. ostreatus, quando avaliando o fator de separação (RL), respondendo a valores entre zero e 1. Agora, considerando os valores do coeficiente de determinação (R2), o modelo de Freundlich se ajustou melhor, devido apresentar valores maiores em relação ao modelo de Langmuir.