Heuristic estimates of probabilities may be an obstacle to decision making within High Reliability Organizations. Accident reports have found that two from each other separate phenomenon, Blame Culture and Type 1 processing constitutes a particularily serious threat to decision making. The present study (N = 70) investigated if a perceived risk of negative feedback and cognitive load would lead to more heuristic estimates on the Conjunction Fallacy. Three experiment conditions were included in the study: Negative feedback, cognitive load and control. The results were non-significant for both negative feedback and cognitive load. Furthermore, the estimated negative affect was higher when violations to the Conjunction Rule was made. Previous studies showing that high scores on the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) indicate less sensitivity to conjunction fallacies, were replicated. The present study concluded that the CRT may be a strong predictor of the Conjunction Fallacy.

The purpose of this enquiry is to challenge and add a further dimension to cultural management, through an empirical exploration of what cultural managers do in a particular domain (theatre) and scale of organisation (micro-) within the (subsidised) cultural sector, in South West England. Working from a sensemaking perspective (Weick, 1979, 1995a, 2009), it focuses attention on what these practitioners do, rather than what they could, should or do not do. It draws on literature from cultural management, theatre and performance studies and organisation and management studies to help address the following questions: • What do cultural managers do in micro-scale theatre organisations (in South West England)? • Why do they do what they do? • How do they do what they do? • In what ways might an analysis of what they do inform talk in and about cultural management? • To what other theoretical conversations might such an analysis contribute? The subjects are three cultural managers running micro-scale contemporary theatre organisations in Bristol, Plymouth and Redruth. The study adopts a qualitative, ethnographic, multi-case study approach, with data collected through non-participant observation, informal interviews and documentary sources. Analysis is inductive, deductive and abductive. The thesis concludes with a conceptual and epistemological re-framing of cultural management as cultural managing, suggesting that what the cultural managers studied do is not only vocationally dedicated to the purpose, values and work of their organisation, but is also isomorphically inflected by them in the doing. Furthermore, it offers (a) an adjusted perspective on “high reliability organising” (Weick & Sutcliffe, 2007) orientated more towards making the best than mitigating the worst; (b) a focus on organising in theatre to colleagues pursuing the relationship between management and the arts; and (c) a challenge to traditional notions of divide between theatre managing and theatre making, particularly at the micro-scale. This is an interdisciplinary study with cross-disciplinary implications.

Each organization has its specifics that affect the way knowledge is created and transferred. The existing literature in the field of knowledge creation, studies contemporary organizations and currently does not consider special cases such as high reliability organizations. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to complement the existing knowledge creation model by describing the knowledge creation process for high reliability organizations using the case study of the Lambohov Fire Station. A qualitative case study was conducted and carried out with the help of Lambohov Fire Station through non-participant observations and semi- structured interviews with one of the fire brigades. Our research has revealed that the learning processes in HROs differs from the existing theoretical framework. According to the literature, knowledge is created through conversion of tacit and explicit knowledge, while at the fire station the conversion involves tacit and implicit types of knowledge.

This thesis is composed of two parts: a 3¡ÑVDD mixed-voltage-tolerant I/O buffer with 1¡ÑVDD CMOS standard device, and a PVT detector for 2¡ÑVDD output buffer with slew-rate compensation. In the first topic, a 3¡ÑVDD bidirectional mixed-voltage-tolerant I/O buffer, which has been implemented using a typical TSMC 0.18 £gm CMOS process, is proposed with a Dynamic gate bias voltage generator to provide appropriate gate drives for the stacked output stage. Besides, a Gate-tracking circuit and a Floating N-well technique are adopted to prevent 1¡ÑVDD device from gate-oxide overstress problems and leakage currents. The maximum data rate is simulated to be 166/166/166/100/80 MHz when VDDIO is 5.0/3.3/1.8/1.2/0.9 V, respectively, given an equivalent probe capacitive load of 10pF. The second topic is a process, voltage, and temperature¡]PVT¡^detector for 2¡ÑVDD output buffer with slew-rate compensation. The threshold voltage¡]Vth¡^ of PMOSs and NMOSs varying with process variation could be detected, respectively. In addition, the voltage and temperature variations could be monitored, respectively, by detecting different charging and discharging times of delay buffers at each PVT corner. By adjusting output currents, the slew rate of output signals could be compensated over 24¢H. Moreover, the maximum data rate with compensation is 133 MHz in contrast with 100 MHz without compensation when VDDIO ¡× 1.8 V, in transmitting mode.

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No description available.

Research has shown that 400,000 people die every year due to preventable medical errors. Medical error reporting and safety is a responsibility of all members of a health care organization. Creating an environment that addresses and prevents potential or actual safety problems can help reduce the incidence of medical errors made by nurses in the workplace. The purpose of this quantitative research study was to determine if nurses' perceptions of safety problems and error-preventing procedures and systems affected their comfort in reporting safety problems and intent to leave. High-reliability theory was the theoretical foundation for this study. Data were obtained from 1,171 surveys completed by newly licensed registered nurses located in 51 different metropolitan statistical areas and 9 counties. SPSS Version 25 was used to conduct a secondary data analysis including descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and multiple logistic regression for each variable. Themes that emerged from the data analysis included the importance of education on safety protocols and improving nurse satisfaction and nurse retention. The findings of the study might contribute to social change by creating an increased awareness for nurse leaders, managers, and newly licensed registered nurses in ensuring that there is improved comfort of reporting and appropriate error-preventing procedures and system in the health care environment. Increased awareness will allow for action and improved protocols to enhance the overall safety and quality of care for nurses and their patients.

This exploratory research is based on an objectivist epistemology with a positivist theoretical perspective that deployed concurrent mixed methods (MMR) design through a quantitative administered survey alongside an in-depth qualitative analysis through interviews exploring the perspectives of leaders on EHS leadership and governance. The research literature review focused on EHS leadership, corporate governance and strongly related topics. This MMR research employed both an expert panel-validated survey and a semi-structured interview protocol which explored 9 themes which emerged from the literature review including EHS/Safety Leadership; Risk Management; Influence and Accountability. Due to pragmatics relating to the number of leaders accessed (N=30) the statistical analysis is limited to descriptive type statistics. Almost all respondents supported the monitoring role of the Board of Directors (BoD), but disagreed that the BoD should play an active role in risk management. Comparisons are drawn between the Oil and Gas and non-Oil and Gas organizations with interesting results especially in matters relating to risk management. Structured thematic content analysis yields that Safety Culture; Leadership; Influence and Accountability were the three leading themes accounting for just over 50% of the responses analysed. Many sub-themes have also emerged and are discussed. A Model of EHS Leadership and Governance was created and is presented which positions themes and factors that influence monitoring of EHS performance and ultimately risk management. The research can be considered as a unique contribution as a relatively small body of currently published work in this subject area, both globally and more so in the GCC.

Organizational scholars have long been interested in organizations which exemplify high reliability. While such organizational studies have provided valuable clues to the ways in which such organizations form and function, this paper argues that a more nuanced study of high reliability processes within team contexts is warranted. This study focuses on organizational teams which are faced with the challenges of maintaining high levels of reliability. Of particular interest is how teams manage adverse events which disrupt the team's process and how they make adaptations immediately to restore their functionality. In my dissertation, I: (1) explore the existing literature surrounding high reliability organization and resilience, (2) present a qualitative analysis of Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) teams to explore and identify factors surrounding adaptation within the critical moment, and (3) discuss the implications of these factors in the theory and research surrounding high-reliability teams. The findings of this study find strong connection with the work of Weick and serve to advance and clarify previous characteristics associated with high reliability organizing; however, by using the small group as the unit of analysis for the study additions to concepts traditionally associated with high reliability organizing can be noted: (1) controlling variability during team function, (2) accepting the value of the unexpected, (3) continuous forward motion, and (4) the role of tacit and explicit knowledge.

La fiabilité organisationnelle concerne l’étude des conditions organisationnelles permettant à un système organisé complexe de maintenir des niveaux de fiabilité compatibles à la fois avec les exigences de sécurité et les exigences économiques. Les études effectuées sur le fonctionnement des organisations à haute fiabilité mettent en avant un ensemble de pratiques et de dispositifs mis en place au sein de ces organisations, tant au niveau de l’individu et du groupe qu’au niveau de l’organisation, qui permettent à celles-ci de gérer et d’exploiter efficacement des systèmes techniques complexes à risques. Dans la lignée des différents apports sur ce qui fait la fiabilité au sein de telles entreprises, ce travail vise à démontrer la prise en compte du désordre, comme une des logiques organisationnelles, participant à la fiabilité de l’entreprise. En ce sens, une conceptualisation du désordre en tant qu’organisateur (désordre organisationnel) est proposée. À la suite de cette conceptualisation, la thèse démontre dans quelle mesure le désordre, par le biais de lamise en place d’organisations informelles stratifiées sur l’organisation formelle existante, permet de résorber et de restreindre les effets des perturbations. Le désordre est analysé comme catalyseur intrinsèque de la création de sens, participant à la fiabilité. En discutant la considération du désordre comme étant essence même de l’organisation, ce travail analyse l’approche normative sous-jacente dans la conception même de l’organisation et la fiabilité de celle-ci. / The study of high organizational reliability refers to the examination of conditions that allow a complex organized system to maintain high levels of reliability consistent with both security and economic requirements. Studies on the functioning of High Reliability Organizations (HRO) feature a set of practices and mechanisms implemented within these organizations - at the individual, group and organizational levels - which enable them to manage and operate effectively complex technicalsystems at risk. In line with the contributions on what contribute to high reliability in such companies, this work aims to demonstrate the consideration of disorder, as one of the organizational logics, supporting reliability of the company. In this sense, a conceptualization of disorder as an organizing component (organizational disorder) is proposed. As a result of this conceptualization, the thesis demonstrates to what extent organizational disorder, through the establishment ofinformal organizations stratified on the existing formal ones, can reduce and limit the effects of disruptions. Disorder is analyzed as an intrinsic catalyst of sensemaking, partaking to high reliability. By discussing the consideration of disorder as the very essence of the organization, the thesis also debates upon the underlying normative approach in the very conception of the organization and its ensuant high reliability.