Travel narratives of the nineteenth century frequently became vehicles for colonialist discourse, strategically representing the Other(s) in order to justify their subjugation, and their land as a site of opportunity. W.W.H. Davis's travel narrative, El Gringo: New Mexico and Her People (1857) was no exception. This dissertation begins by arguing that we need to read El Gringo as a rhetorical text, that Davis's objective in portraying both the land and the people was to represent New Mexico as inherently "disponible," a term used by Mary Louise Pratt to indicate "available for capitalist improvement." Working from this assertion, I use the methodology of the Discourse-Historical Approach developed by Martin Reisigl and Ruth Wodak to explore the development of racialized constructions of New Mexican identity, their ideological relationship to "disponibility," and how these constructs have been reproduced intertextually through discourse. As accepted beliefs concerning the state, they continue to be recontextualized in new situations, notably to justify the disproportionate location of nuclear weapons-related industries, waste, and research activities within the state. Just as Davis and other earlier writers had used words such as "barren," "isolated," "unpopulated," and "wasteland," to rationalize the US presence, US government officials used these very terms a century later to argue that New Mexico was the location-of-choice for building and testing the first nuclear weapon. I argue that a direct discursive connection exists between the US colonization of New Mexico in 1846 and its nuclear colonization in 1942. As part of the ongoing legacy of colonialism, the language used to justify New Mexico's nuclear burden has marginalized the state's original inhabitants, diminishing their land rights and creating situations of environmental racism, such as the Church Rock incident on the Navajo Reservation. In some cases, Native Americans and Nuevomexicanos were "disappeared" from the discourse entirely, as with several Pueblo communities living adjacent to the site of the Manhattan Project. Dialectically, the nuclear colonization of New Mexico has transformed Manifest Destiny as well, reconfiguring its initial purpose to ensure US hegemony internally, to the ability of the US to maintain nuclear hegemony worldwide.

Disproportionality in special education is a long-standing issue. Some scholars have proposed group or universal screening for emotional and behavioral risk in schools as a method of addressing disproportionality. Considering previous case law, questions exist as to the legality of such screening programs in public schools. The purpose of this inquiry was to apply critical discourse analysis (CDA) to the federal case of Rhoades v. Penn-Harris (2008) to explore how court discourse reflects issues of social power and multidisciplinarity in the context of a school mental health screening program. CDA is usually interdisciplinary and focuses on explaining discourse structures related to social problems and may be applied from various theoretical frameworks and methodologies. This study used a discourse-historical approach to address the questions regarding the court’s discussion of relative power relationships, its use of argumentation strategies, and the knowledge base(s) accessed in formulating its arguments. Case study findings indicated that the court's use of various argumentation strategies in its discourse on student mental health screening presented varying potential duties and liabilities for entities and individuals involved in such programs. Additionally, although mental health screening in public schools requires an interdisciplinary approach, the court's discussion of the program litigated in Rhoades used a centrist, law-based perspective, suggesting that attempts to facilitate a pluralist or an integrationist approach to such cases may require efforts particular to legal, as opposed to clinical, practice. Recommendations for developing school mental health screening programs sensitive to issues addressed by Rhoades are provided.

Dissertação(mestrado)-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Ambiental, Instituto de Educação, 2010. / Submitted by Luize Santos (lui_rg@hotmail.com) on 2012-07-04T02:18:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniele Barros Jardim.pdf: 4664063 bytes, checksum: 92789be5168ea3f7c1d2c7fd31788f05 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2012-07-09T19:58:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniele Barros Jardim.pdf: 4664063 bytes, checksum: 92789be5168ea3f7c1d2c7fd31788f05 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-09T19:58:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniele Barros Jardim.pdf: 4664063 bytes, checksum: 92789be5168ea3f7c1d2c7fd31788f05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Esta é uma investigação que tem como problemática central analisar os significados e os sentidos da Educação Ambiental (EA) para as crianças no contexto da Educação Infantil. Está vinculada à linha de pesquisa “EA: Ensino e Formação de Educadores/as” do PPGEA/FURG. Para tanto, selecionei uma turma de Educação Infantil da rede pública municipal de ensino da cidade do Rio Grande-RS. Assim, esta pesquisa qualitativa contou com a participação de 10 crianças que pertencem à faixa etária de 4 a 5 anos e a turma foi escolhida porque a professora tem o título de Mestre em EA pelo PPGEA/FURG. Esse estudo procurou manter, ao longo do processo de pesquisa, o respeito com o grupo pesquisado, na medida em que possibilitou suas participações, mediante a expressão de suas visões e vozes. O referencial teórico-metodológico que fundamentou esta pesquisa permeou os campos da Abordagem Sócio Histórica, que me orientou a entender a criança como um ser histórico e cultural; dos Estudos da Infância, que me apoiaram para compreender as crianças, suas linguagens e peculiaridades geracionais; bem como o da Educação Ambiental por me fazer entender que suas especificidades precisam ser discutidas e incorporadas nas relações sociais entre as crianças e destas com os adultos do contexto. Pois, nas relações sociais, por meio das mediações semióticas, as crianças se apropriam das significações produzidas na sociedade sobre as questões sócio-ambientais. As observações realizadas e redigidas em diários de campo aconteceram em distintas situações dentro da escola com as crianças dessa turma, mas para a análise dos dados enfoquei principalmente as situações de sala de aula. Para tanto, utilizei a metodologia “Análise de conteúdo” na qual a análise parte da mensagem, que pode ser verbal, escrita, gestual, figurativa, documental ou provocada. Assim, nas atividades, nas brincadeiras e nos diálogos que aconteceram nesse contexto educativo, as crianças se apropriaram das relações sociais permeadas por: fantasia, imaginação, questões trazidas de casa para a escola, relações de poder, respeito, interação, afetividade e Zona de desenvolvimento Proximal - para constituírem suas formas de pensar, falar, sentir, fazer e imaginar, que evidenciam os significados e sentidos da EA. Portanto, os significados sobre a Educação Ambiental para as crianças permeiam algumas questões sócio-ambientais como o desperdício, a reciclagem e o meio ambiente, os quais são tratados por elas com criticidade nos diálogos estabelecidos. Sendo que os sentidos atribuídos pelas crianças permeiam princípios de EA para a turma como amizade, regras de convivência, participação, responsabilidade, autonomia e diálogos. / This is an investigation that has as its central issue examine the levels and directions of Environmental Education (EE) for children in the context of early childhood education. Is linked to the research line "EE: Education and Training Educators/as" the PPGEA / FURG. To that end, I selected a group of Early Childhood Education from public municipal schools of Rio Grande-RS. Thus, this qualitative research with the participation of 10 children belonging to age group 4-5 years and the class was chosen because the teacher has the title of Master of EE by PPGEA / FURG. This study sought to maintain throughout the research process, compliance with the research group, in that it allowed its shares through the expression of their views and voices. The theoretical and methodological reasons that this research has permeated the fields of socio-historical approach, which guided me to understand the child as a historical and cultural Study of Children, who supported me to understand children, their languages and generational quirks, as well as the Environmental Education for making me understand that their specific needs to be discussed and incorporated in the social relations between children and adults with these contexts. For, in social relations, through semiotic mediations, children use the meanings produced in society on socio-environmental issues. The observations made and written in field diaries were held in different situations within the school with children of that class, but for data analysis focusing primarily situations of the classroom. For this purpose, the methodology used "content analysis" on which the analysis part of the message, which can be verbal, written, gestural, figurative, documentary or provoked. Thus, activities in play and the dialogues that took place in an educational context, the children got hold of social relationships permeated by fantasy, imagination, matters brought from home to school, power relations, respect, interaction, affection and Zone Proximal development - to represent their thinking, talking, feeling, doing and imagine, highlighting the significance and meanings of the EE. Therefore, the meanings of environmental education for children permeate some socioenvironmental issues as waste, recycling and environment, which are treated by them with the critical dialogues established. Since the meanings attributed by children of EE principles permeate of the class as friends, rules of coexistence, participation, accountability, autonomy and dialogues.

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2018-02-20T12:27:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Gabriele_Engelmann2017.pdf: 16926653 bytes, checksum: c44c3f5b18dc55d509aee77e90f667a0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-20T12:27:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Gabriele_Engelmann2017.pdf: 16926653 bytes, checksum: c44c3f5b18dc55d509aee77e90f667a0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-17 / The images of scientists and the History of Science (HC) presented in textbooks (LDs) of chemistry are also part of the school knowledge about Science, we believe that these can influence students realize the story of scientists as a result of work influenced by social, cultural and political contexts consistent with the era in which they lived. In this sense, the problem of this research is to analyze the perceptions of students on the images of a scientist and the history of science in textbooks of chemistry, indicated by the Textbook Guide National Textbooks Program (PNLD – Programa Nacional de Livros Didáticos) (2014) 2015. We Select all pictures of scientists and historical approaches of 4 (four) textbooks intended for the 1st (first) grade of high school. For analysis of perceptions, we use the Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory and, in a first step, we conduct an individual activity and writing, in which the same image and text that accompanies that image was observed for 3 students. In a second step, we use the methodology of Focus Group (FG) with audio and video recording. The lines of the GF and individual writings were transcribed and your content has been parsed according to assumptions of the analysis of Bardin’s (2011) content. As results point that students realized general characteristics of the image and textual elements on HC, including: gender, age, clothing, actions of the scientist, environment in which he finds himself, scientific theories and social recognition. In addition, they realized aspects relating to the exposure of the scientist in LD, among them, the shape of image display in LD and the relation between image and text. The data refer to the suggestions about configuration mode of the image of the scientist and the history of science texts accompanying the invited person; the contextualization scientific production; the characteristics of internal and outside approaches of science. / As imagens de cientistas e a história da ciência (HC) apresentadas em Livros didáticos (LDs) de química também fazem parte do conhecimento escolar sobre ciência. E consideramos que estas imagens podem influenciar estudantes em perceber a história dos cientistas como resultado do trabalho influenciado por contextos sociais, culturais e políticos coerentes com a época em que estes viveram. Neste sentido, o problema dessa investigação consiste em analisar as percepções de estudantes sobre as imagens de cientista e história da ciência em livros didáticos de química, indicados pelo Guia de livros didáticos do Programa Nacional de Livros Didáticos (PNLD) (2014) 2015. Selecionamos todas as imagens de cientistas e abordagens históricas de 4 livros didáticos destinados a 1ª série do Ensino Médio. Para análise das percepções, utilizamos a Teoria Sociocultural de Vigotski e, em uma primeira etapa, realizamos uma atividade individual e escrita, na qual uma mesma imagem e texto que acompanha essa imagem foi observada por 3 estudantes. Em uma segunda etapa, utilizamos a metodologia de grupo focal (GF) com gravação de áudio e vídeo. As falas do GF e escritas individuais foram transcritas e seu conteúdo analisado de acordo com pressupostos da análise do conteúdo de Bardin (2011). Como resultados apontamos que os estudantes perceberam características gerais da imagem e dos elementos textuais sobre HC, dentre elas: gênero, vestimenta, idade, ações do cientista, ambiente em que ele se encontra, teorias científicas e reconhecimento social. Além disso, perceberam aspectos referentes à exposição do cientista no LD, dentre elas, a forma de exposição da imagem no LD e as relações que há entre imagem e texto. Os dados obtidos remetem à sugestões sobre: o modo de configuração da imagem do cientista e dos textos de história da ciência que a acompanham; as contextualizações das produções científicas; as características das abordagens internalista e externalista da ciência.

There has been an increase in the number of people migrating around the world in recent decades. The main reasons for this migration are mostly social pressures, conflicts, and wars. With the Arab spring, which showed its effect in the early 2010s, a civil war arose in Syria. With the civil war that had its influence in Syria in 2011, thousands of people had to take shelter in Turkey. With the rapid increase in Syrian refugees who took refuge in Turkey, this issue has become vital in Turkey's agenda. Many studies on the media and the representation of immigrants and refugees show that these groups are often negatively represented. In this research, news about Syrian refugees published in Cumhuriyet, Hürriyet, and Sabah newspapers, among the best-selling newspapers in Turkey, are examined. In addition, the fact that the three selected newspapers have different political stances, this situation adds sample diversity to this research. June 2011 - March 2012 and June 2016 - March 2017 constitute the times of the sample. The first time sample represents the early times of both the Syrian Civil war and the arrivals of Syrian refugees in Turkey. In contrast, the second time sample represents the time that Syrian refugees are more integrated into Turkish society and not a new subject for Turkey anymore....

The present study explores Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro’s online communication on the microblogging platform Twitter. The study aims to present the populist characteristics embedded in the president’s tweets, as well as the strategies he uses in his communication on the social media platform. The pillars that structure this work are the different theories on the topic of populism, which address central points concerning the phenomenon’s characteristics, such as dichotomization between groups (the good and the bad people), a strong anti-establishment stance, creation of scapegoats and enemies, and the centrality of the leader. Additionally, theories that explain the relationship between populism and social media are also employed for the full comprehension of the problem at hand. The analysis examines Bolsonaro’s first year in office (2019) and focuses mainly on three different periods within that year. The data consists of 110 tweets submitted to analysis utilizing Discourse-Historical Approach, an analytical approach with a strong focus on context. The findings show how Bolsonaro’s communication on Twitter is immersed and dependent on strategies common to populist discourse, employing argumentative and discursive strategies that rely on the aspects such as topoi, the demonization of others, shifting of blame, positive self- and negative other- presentation, provocation and calculated ambivalence. This study contributes to the understanding of populist online communication in the Brazilian context, shedding light on the phenomenon of populism, in particular the current populist wave, outside the European and North American contexts, expanding the understanding about the topic to the global south.

Indigenous autonomy, self-government and self-determination have historically been an area of conflict within the settler colonial state of Canada. This thesis aims to analyze critically the Canadian state’s alleged progressive nature in regard to nation-to-nation relations as well as the discourses that portray Canadian society as fostering Indigenous rights. Grounded in previous research and contextual background, this study uses the Discourse Historical Approach (DHA) to investigate how Canadian media produces and reproduces discourse around the issues connected with Indigenous resistance since the ‘Oka Crisis’ of 1990, based on the selected material published by The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. The findings illustrate that while liberal-influenced narratives have improved, significant identification of decolonization within Canada’s media was not found and the structures of settler colonialism remain largely unchanged.

España y Grecia, dos países económica y administrativamente diferentes, teniendo cada uno de ellos que hacer frente por un lado al creciente fenómeno de la fuga de cerebros y por otro a la incesante demanda de mano de obra internacional, principalmente cualificada según el tipo de prioridades productivas que cada uno se ha fijado para su respectivo interés, se examina a través de un análisis completo y exhaustivo de los distintos factores económicos en los que se basa cada país, para obtener una ventaja competitiva sobre el resto, ya sea sobre sus respectivos homólogos europeos o incluso sobre la competitividad internacional a la que se enfrenta la UE. El capital humano que ofrecen los migrantes a los países de destino y la falta de competitividad de los países de origen, también se examina a través de paradigmas y gráficos para ambos Estados. En conclusión, la creación de una legislación más social, junto con la estricta económica que propuso el intento fallido de implementar una constitución europea, a través de reconocidas instituciones de la UE, es una de gran importancia para el logro de un marco social atractivo para ambos, nacionales y la población acogedora.

C’est pendant une période très troublée que Saint Jérôme (347-419) exerce son activité intellectuelle surabondante.Remarqué par le pape Damase en 382, ce dernier lui confie la lourde tâche de refaire la traduction latine des textes de la Bible. Cette traduction sera connue sous le nom de Vulgate. Certes Saint Jérôme n’est pas un juriste de formation, mais son érudition et ses solides connaissances juridiques lui permettent d’analyser le déclin de l’Empire Romain avec une double approche : à la fois religieuse et institutionnelle. Cette analyse met en exergue un véritable sens de l’histoire propre au saint Docteur de l’Eglise.Ainsi après une lutte acharnée contre les hérésies, Saint Jérôme va s’attacher à peindre le tableau de ce monde romain s’effondrant sous les coups répétés des barbares : « Mon cœur frémit en abordant les désastres de notre temps. Voilà plus de vingt ans qu’entre Constantinople et les Alpes Juliennes, le sang romain coule tous les jours ». (Epist. IX, 16). Les écrits de Jérôme, avec notamment les fameuses Correspondances, en disent beaucoup sur le désarroi éprouvé par un peuple entier.Grâce à l’éclairage d’autres auteurs, nous étudierons cette période cruciale de l’Antiquité, qui a vu l’éclosion des plus grands esprits de l’époque et dont Saint Jérôme est l’une des figures les plus marquantes. / It was during a very troubled period that Saint Jerome (347-419) operated his abundant intellectual activity.Noticed by Pope Damasus in 382, he entrusted him the arduous task of re-translation of Latin texts of the Bible. This translation will later be known as the Vulgate. Although Saint Jerome is not a lawyer by training, his erudition and solid legal knowledge enable him to analyze the decline of the Roman Empire with a dual approach : both religious and institutional. This analysis demonstrakes a true vision of History in this Church Father’s mind.Thus after a fierce fight against heresies, Saint Jerome will focus on the disaster of the Roman’s world collapse, under the repeated blows of the barbarians : « My heart trembles in thinking of the disasters of our time. For over twenty years, between Constantinople and the Julian Alps, the Roman blood has been flowing every day ». (Epist. IX, 16). Jerome’s writings, including the famous « Correspondances », say much about the distress experienced by an entire people.With the lighting of other authors, we will examine this crucial period of antiquity, which saw the emergence of the greatest minds of our time, which Saint Jerome is one of the most significant.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar os significados que crianças de 5 anos atribuem à saúde, à luz da abordagem histórico-cultural. Apresenta como objetivos específicos: Identificar os significados atribuídos à saúde pelas crianças de 5 anos; Analisar tais significados no contexto da concepção teórica de promoção da saúde; Analisar a atribuição dos significados de saúde pela criança, à luz da abordagem histórico-cultural; Relacionar a atribuição dos significados pelas crianças ao processo de formação dos conceitos da abordagem histórico-cultural. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, apoiada no referencial de promoção da saúde que tem a perspectiva de engajar sujeitos na busca por um ambiente mais saudável, e com fundamentação teórico-metodológica pautada na abordagem histórico- cultural de Vigotski, cujo foco é o estudo do homem e suas funções psicológicas, destacando o pensamento e a linguagem em suas origens sociais, enfatizando a cultura como parte da natureza do indivíduo e atribuindo papel fundamental à educação, pois considera que o aprendizado entre seres humanos, imersos em uma mesma sociedade, dá o acesso aos bens produzidos culturalmente. A construção dos dados realizou-se em uma escola pública no interior do Estado de São Paulo, com 20 crianças de 5 anos, a partir do Procedimento de Desenhos-Estórias com Tema, em atividade individual com cada criança. Toda a atividade foi gravada em áudio, sendo as falas transcritas e os desenhos digitalizados. Os resultados foram organizados em quatro unidades de análise: O modelo biomédico/biológico da saúde; A significação da saúde como bem-estar de si e do outro; A relação entre a saúde e o cuidado; A ação do adulto ou do outro na saúde da criança. A análise indicou que há participantes que significam a saúde pela dimensão biologizante, como há os que o fazem pela perspectiva da promoção da saúde; apontam a importância do papel do adulto na saúde da criança bem como a relação intrínseca entre cuidado e saúde. As atribuições de significados pelas crianças constituem a base do processo de formação de conceitos sobre saúde, e diferentes etapas dessa construção foram identificadas. Entende-se que os significados sobre saúde aqui trazidos, bem como aspectos da formação de conceitos, podem nortear professores e profissionais da saúde nos trabalhos de educação em saúde na escola, favorecendo vivências a partir daquilo que as crianças ressignificam como seres histórico-culturais, propiciando a criatividade, a curiosidade e a crítica sobre o \"ser saudável\" e tendo em vista que o processo de significação acontece de forma contínua, na mediação do sujeito com o mundo / In this research, the main objective was to analyze the meanings that five-year-old children attributed to health in the light of historical-cultural approach, presenting the following specific objectives: To identify the meanings attributed to health by five-year-old children; To analyze these meanings in the context of the theoretical conception of health promotion; To analyze the attribution of the meanings of health by the child in the light of historical-cultural approach; To relate the attribution of meanings by children to the process of concept formation of cultural-historical approach. The study is a qualitative research, based on the concept of health promotion that aims to engage individuals in the search for a healthier environment, and with theoretical and methodological foundation guided by the cultural- historical approach of Vygotsky, whose focus is the study of the man and his psychological functions, highlighting the thought and the language in their social origins, emphasizing culture as part of the individual\'s nature and assigning a key role to education, since he considers that learning among humans, who are immersed in the same society, gives access to goods produced culturally. The construction of the data was carried out in a public school in the state of São Paulo, with 20 children of five years old using the Drawing-and-Story Procedure with theme in an individual activity with each child. Every activity was recorded in audio, the speeches were transcribed and the drawings were scanned. The results were organized into four units of analysis: The biomedical/biological model of health; The significance of health as well-being of oneself and others; The relation between health and care; The action of adults or others in the child\'s health. The analysis indicated that there are participants who meant health by biologizing dimension, as there are those who did so from the perspective of health promotion; pointing to the importance of the role of the adult in child\'s health as well as the intrinsic relationship between health and care. The attribution of meanings by children constitutes the basis of the process of concept formation about health and different stages of this construction were identified. It is understood that the meanings of health brought here, as well as aspects of concept formation, can guide teachers and health professionals in the work of health education in school, encouraging experiences from what children resignify as historical and cultural beings, providing creativity, curiosity and criticism about \"being healthy\" considering that the signification process happens continuously in the mediation of the individual with the world