Electrification (or now rare and obsolete electrization), carried out in Czechoslovakia primarily in the interwar years (1918-1939) has gone down in history as a symbol of the construction of a modern independent Czechoslovak state and its democratic society, encapsulating its overall, predominantly building, ethos. Electrification was based on the expertise, invention and high educational standards of the country's electrical engineering elite that approached this particular task as a fully formed group (especially in the period starting from the last third of the 19th century) and as a particularly excellently organized one in terms of its professional unions, specialist scientific knowledge and potential use of its expertise in industrial plants and production centres for electrification. Its key platform was the Czechoslovak Electrical Engineering Union (Elektrotechnický svaz československý, Czech acronym ESČ, 1919), an association closely cooperating with the state authorities, primarily the Ministry of Public Industry and its State Power Council, with an agency that represented the country's vital standardization base and which soon grew to be the powerful Czechoslovak Standardization Society (Československá normalizační společnost, known under the Czech acronym ČSN, 1920); the ESČ also...

L’Ambassade de France à Rome fut, au cours du dix-huitième siècle, l’un des pôles principaux pour l’organisation de fêtes, de mascarades, de conversations, et tout ceci put contribuer à célébrer la gloire et le faste de la monarchie et du « Roi Très-Chrétien ».Cette étude a pour ambition de fournir une large documentation qui permette de comprendre en quelles occasions la musique était convoquée dans le cadre de l’institution française, qui illustre les buts, principalement politiques, de l’utilisation de la musique par les ambassadeurs, qui éclaire les moments, les lieux et les modalités de l’exécution musicale.La partie principale, et la plus intéressante, de ce travail est consacrée aux commandes de musique que les différents ambassadeurs de France près le Saint-Siège passèrent en des occasions particulières liées à la famille royale.Beaucoup plus complexe s’est avérée la reconstitution des événements pour lesquels, sans être directement commandée par les ambassadeurs, la musique était traditionnellement liée aux festivités françaises : c’est le cas des fêtes organisées pour la Saint-Louis, le 25 août, ou pour la Sainte-Lucie, le 13 décembre. En ces deux occasions se déroulaient traditionnellement des fêtes « mécénées », et donc financées, par les ambassadeurs.Durant la période comprise entre 1724 et 1791, les ambassadeurs de France à Rome utilisèrent l’art musical comme miroir grossissant pour leur devoir principal : représenter leur monarque avec un luxe, une magnificence et une générosité extraordinaires, afin d’attirer l’estime et l’admiration de toute la Cour de Rome. / During the 18th century, the French embassy to the Holy See was one of the most important production centres of music, soirée, masquerade and festivity. All this was to celebrate Monarchy's and “Roi Très-Chrétien”'s glory and greatness.The aim of this study is to examine the role of music in French Institutions in Rome during this period. In particular, this study provides large documentation to investigate the events in which the music was performed, the purpose of the use of music during these events and to characterize places, conditions and times of the musical performanceThe main contribution of this study is the analysis of the new music commissioned in honour of the french royal family by the French ambassadors in the Holy See.More complex is the analysis of the events in which music was traditionally “linked” to the french festivities: this is the case of the feasts organized for the 25th August in honor of St. Louis or the 13th December in honour of St. Lucia. In these two occasions festivity was traditionally commissioned by the ambassadors who also sustain the financial costs of the entire celebration.During the period between 1724 and 1791, the ambassadors of France in Rome made use of the musical art to promote themselves and gain appreciation for their principal duty: to represent their king with luxury and extraordinary generosity in order to acquire the consideration appreciation of the entire roman Court.

In my master thesis I deal with the issue of the identity of 19th century Russian society and the role of the Volga River in it. I focus on the characterization of Russian identity in the broadest sense, on the relationship of human society to nature, and on two case studies from the Upper Volga region. In the theory of Russian identity I consider four of its characteristic features - ambivalence, patriotism, spirituality and sentimentalism - to be crucial. The analysis of the relationship between human society and nature includes a section devoted to the reasons for human attachment to landscape, discusses the concept of national landscapes, and presents the dominant idea of the Russian landscape at the end of the 19th century. The last section is devoted to research on the role of the Volga River in the self-identification of the inhabitants of the Upper Volga region. In a study of the worship of the source of the Volga and in research on folklore, I note the attitude of various influences towards this river and, on this basis, define the place of the Volga River in the life of different social classes. The conclusion of my study is that the role of the Volga River in the life of the Upper Volga inhabitants was in many ways the same as its role in the national social discourse, but quite out of...

This doctoral thesis describes the formation, activities and dissolution of the Czech Society of Biotypology (1937-1959), herein used as an example of impact of the constitutional typology (human typology science) on the Czechoslovak medicine. Human constitution science (in French and Romance languages called biotypology) classifies individual human beings on the base of morphological and physiological characteristics, with particular emphasis on forecast of future trends. The core of the science focuses on correlation between the physical appearance of a person and his/her mental characteristics. The Czech Society of Biotypology (Česká společnost biotypologická - ČSB) was founded with ambitions not only to study human beings, but also to increase their potential. The whole movement was therefore conceived as an example of a sanitation scientific program in accordance with the governmental interest in rationalization of population care. The methodology of the thesis is based on Foucault's concept of biopower - change of power strategies and their constitutive influence on the development and change of social relations, values and individual strategies of persons. The story of formation and dissolution of ČSB is interpreted as a consequence of these changes. The core of the thesis consists of a...

This diploma thesis should contribute to the study of leisure time activities since the middle of the last century. The object of this thesis is history of Sokol Skittles team Kolín. Research was made with the method of oral history interviewing eleven narators. Attention is focused in particular from the sixties to the seventies of the last century, when the members successfully represented Czechoslovakia in international competitions. There are two scopes to the research, regarding sport achievements and the preception of narators.

v anglickém jazyce: The thesis deals with the history of nurses association in Czechoslovakia, namely, with the first association of graduate nurses existing in the country from its foundation until its termination during the WWII. The introduction focuses on the description of legal foundations and the explanation of the principle of freedom of association. The subsequent historical-theoretical section presents the issue of history of nursing and especially nursing education which significantly influenced all subsequent efforts in the area of nurses association and was closely linked with the activities of the association. A detailed description of the activities of the association and the then applicable rules regarding association in the light of known facts maps the activities of the first organized graduate nurses association using the method of document study. The thesis is based predominantly on primary and secondary sources and other available literary sources. The aim is to provide detailed information on the timeline of the existence of the association, to define the activities of its members and their credit in the foundation of professional association of nurses. The text explains and provides evidence of discrepancies found between archival materials and public documents. Keywords:...

The reason why I choose this topic was the fact that I haven't managed to find any comprehensive overview of local traditions and habits and also that I have been living in this area all my life and so I have many findings of my own to use. There are new traditions raising in recent years and also some of the old ones are beeing revived. The aim of this thesis is to discover and note the traditions, which were held in the past and also the traditions that are new. At first we look at the Czech Merano area, describe it's nature characteristics, history and some of the famous people, who came from there. Then there is a list of concrete traditions split into groups by its type - from the historical traditions based on folk and christian holidays to the modern ones. It also reminds some of the extincted traditions. There also is a remark of the local chronicle, which has been an important source of information. In the conclusion there is a short notice about the contribution of this work and some of the possibilities of it's utilization in practice.

The first developmental stages of advertising in traditional media Jakub Kesl Abstract Diploma thesis "The first developmental stages of advertising in traditional media" deals with the commercial use of media in its first forms and handles the evolution of advertising communication in conjunction with the development of media. Traditional media - print, radio and television in the period starting with emergence of these media until the point of establishment of advertising as their more or less apparent part were selected as a purpose of this study. This thesis tries to answer following questions:  How did the advertising in traditional media in the first moments of its existence form and evolve?  How did the first developmental stages of media advertising look like?  What was the reaction of the audience to new forms of media advertising?  How did enter of advertising into the media influence them and their contents or how did the media influence the ads? Attention is paid to forms of impact of advertising to media and their contents and forms of impact of media on advertising, and describes the types and forms of commercial messages in traditional media in its infancy. The work is primarily concerned with the first stages of development of advertising in the countries, where the development of print,...

The main focus of the work is to search for the greatest Czech, according to opinion of the 9th grade students. Other goal was to create and apply a project, through which we gathered information. Another goal was to find out if the students are interested in these persons out of the school education. Two methods were used to fulfil these goals - a survey and a project. The results of survey are: 1st place - Charles Fourth, 2nd place - Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and 3rd place - Václav Havel. The survey also showed that students are in mostly interested in these persons. If they do, they use internet and documentary movies as main sources of information rather than specialised literature. The final reflection of the project indicates that students liked it and considered it as interesting.

This thesis deals with proverbs reflecting historical events and facts, which were reflected in folk literature. It tries to debunk a historical background idioms that have helped to shape the nation's memory. It focus on proverbs in Czech and Hungarian languages, which are closely connected with the history as being Central European nations. Historical background is mounted directly on the national territory (including historical area) or in the other state. The first part brings the reader a general overview of phraseology. Trying to explain the theme of phraseology. The second part focuses specifically on individual idioms. Each phrase is accompanied by a brief explanation to the reader to verify that it understands correctly and completely understands it. In the case of Hungarian idioms are translated into Czech. Follows the approach of historical events with regard to their relevance and impact on other events in the country. The conclusion summarizes the findings of historical events in an effort to highlight their importance and their motivation for stabilization in the form of phrases. Key words Phraseology, czech idioms, hungarian idioms, history, historical events