M.A. / Marxist historiography started during the late sixties and early seventies in response to the so-called "crisis" in the social sciences. The inability of these sciences to explain prolonged poverty and backwardness in areas of capitalist development and dependency in areas in close connection with the capitalist core, directed social scientists towards Marxist explanations. The conventional explanation of the implacability of capitalist development with racial stratification no longer rendered any explanation of Third World circumstances, since, especially in the South African case, the economy maintained high growth rates in spite of and under circumstances of sustained and intensified racial differentiation...

M.A. / The study of South African history has developed considerably over the last number of years to incorporate new ideas, approaches, and styles. However, the standard works on South African historiography continue to provide a reader with very little beyond a descriptive framework to allow historians to locate their work within the body of South African historical knowledge. This dissertation attempts to address this shortcoming by encouraging and advocating a more analytical approach to the field of historiography. Here, the approach taken is the same as that taken by Hayden White in writing his work Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe. At the same time, a stronger focus is placed on the role of historical context. To demonstrate the advantages of this type of analysis, of analytical historiography over the traditional conception of historiography, I have chosen the example of South African slavery under Dutch administration, 1652 – 1795. The question that this work then attempts to answer is: How can our understanding of South African Slave Historiography be enlightened by the use of Analytical Historiography? The work is divided into two, with the first section dealing with the theoretical and methodological requirements of the work. The second deals with the Whiteian analysis of a number of works on slavery at the Cape before 1795.1 This is followed by the final analysis and conclusion.

[pt] A tese discute a historiografia de Giulio Carlo Argan no contexto do Renascimento italiano, dando atenção à questão espacial que se coloca com a descoberta da perspectiva linear na construção da cúpula de Brunelleschi e nos afrescos de Masaccio, e também a reação a esta espacialidade em Fra Angelico e Sandro Botticelli. Para isto, analisam-se biografias artísticas erigidas pelo historiador italiano em que se debate a problemática do espaço e de sua historicidade, a fim de se compreender o nexo ético e histórico construído por ele entre o Renascimento italiano e a arte moderna, cotejando suas referências teóricas, filosóficas em contraste com outros projetos historiográficos que revisitaram o período a partir de um outro prisma, como é o caso de Erwin Panofsky, George Didi-Huberman, Fredric Antal, Jacob Burckhardt, Aby Warburg, entre outros. / [en] The thesis discusses Giulio Carlo Argan s historiography in the context of the Italian Renaissance, focusing on the spatial question that begins with linear perspective s discovery in the construction of Brunelleschi s dome and the frescoes by Masaccio, and also the reaction to this spatiality in Fra Angelico and Sandro Botticelli. In this case, we analyze artistic biographies written by the italian author which debate the issue of space and its historicity, in order to comprehend the ethical and historical nexus built by him between the Italian Renaissance and modern art, checking their theoretical and philosophical references in contrast to other historiographical projects that revisited the period from different interpretations, as is the case of Erwin Panofsky, George Didi-Huberman, Fredric Antal, Jacob Burckhardt, Aby Warburg, among others.

This study is launched from the general understanding that History is a dialectical process comprised by the contributions of multiple actors, all of which interact in a contentious give-and-take. Keeping in mind this precept, ,I look at the novel La carga, by contemporary Equatoguinean author Juan Tomas Avila Laurel, as an alternative source of history, and assess that history as he has constructed it. This entails not only a detailed exploration of the world he creates within the novel, but a look at the intertextual bonds he establishes with such nineteenth-century writers as Manuel Iradier and Jose Marti. My analysis begins with the general notion that in Avila's granting of textual agency to natural elements one can begin to see the first inklings of a challenge to typical Eurocentric historiography. In the first major, section I look at what for all intents and purposes has been deemed the colonial dialectic, or the greater social dynamic that maintained colonial hegemony, as it is presented in the vignettes of 1940 Equatorial Guinea that we see in La carga. In the next section, I look at what Avila does with some of the discursive tenets of Spanish imperialism, especially those associated with the monolithic conception of Africa and Europe. And finally, I look at the way that relations between spatiality—mainly the geographic classifications inherent in colonial discourses—and subjectivity give way to Avila's commentary on modern-day Equatorial Guinea. I try to close with some speculation on the strategic formation of which Avila and La carga may form part, beginning with a look at his prefacio and concluding with a questioning of where the attitudes outlined in the prefacio may place him on the grand scale of African discourses of resistance. / Arts, Faculty of / French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department of / Graduate

John Millar's historical works have not, since the era of their original publication, been viewed as such by their principal commentators. Though Millar's Discourse on the Origin of the Distinction of Ranks (1771) has received acclaim for its perceived sociological value, his intended masterwork, An Historical View of the English Constitution (1803) has been almost completely neglected by contemporary scholarship. The intent of this paper is threefold: first, by viewing Millar in the historiographical context of late Enlightenment Britain, Millar's texts become recognizable as they were when they were first read, that is, as works of history. Restoring Millar to this context, a time when sophisticated new modes of historical writing were being developed to explain the modern world, also reveals the origins and nature of Millar's characteristic "conjectural" or "philosophical" approach to the study of the past. Secondly, a methodological analysis of Millar's major works and his unpublished "Lectures on Government" will provide insight into how Millar's conjecturalism was reconfigured to fit different subjects, purposes, and generic norms. Third, a survey of Millar's reception in the early nineteenth century will illustrate how rapidly and how profoundly the perceptions of Millar's historiographical approach changed from laudatory to dismissive. Millar is thus revealed not only as a historical writer, but one who was dedicated to a sophisticated, systematic program of historical inquiry. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

At the end of the nineteenth and at the beginning of the twentieth century, the Queen Charlotte Islands were witness to dramatic transformations. Surveyors and scientists mapped the islands, describing the resources and conditions. Because of the favourable climate and locale, settlers and capital flowed to the Islands, changing the landscapes. And although the Islands' indigenous peoples embraced many aspects of the modernisation in the islands, they were excluded from claims to the islands. The modernization of the Queen Charlotte Islands came to a fevered climax in 1913, with the building of canneries, mines whaling stations, and logging camps, and with a flurry of land speculation. Haida frustration also increased at this time, spurned by their alienation from the land and their treatment as wards of the state. This thesis considers these transformations in the Queen Charlotte Islands by reflecting on various representations of place. Through these disparate images is the common narrative of progress through which the Islands are framed - be it through various prospects of tourism, science, capital, church or bureaucracy. What becomes apparent in all attempts to define and describe this place are the failures of vocabularies that are brought by settlers and visitors and imposed upon the Islands. Rather, the ability to know and control becomes allusive, thus openning more questions into the meaning of place. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate

A trustworthy record is one that is both an accurate statement of facts and a genuine manifestation of those facts. Record trustworthiness thus has two qualitative dimensions: reliability and authenticity. Reliability means that the record is capable of standing for the facts to which it attests, while authenticity means that the record is what it claims to be. The trustworthiness of records as evidence is of particular interest to legal and historical practitioners who need to ensure that records are trustworthy so that justice may be realized or the past understood. Traditionally, the disciplines of law and history have relied on the guarantee of trustworthiness inherent in the circumstances surrounding the creation and maintenance of records. For records created by bureaucracies, that trustworthiness has been ensured and protected through the mechanisms of authority and delegation, and through procedural controls exercised over record-writers and record-keepers. As bureaucracies rely increasingly on new information and communication technologies to create and maintain their records, the question that presents itself is whether these traditional mechanisms and controls are adequate to the task of verifying the degree of reliability and authenticity of electronic records, whose most salient feature is the ease with which they can be invisibly altered and manipulated. This study explores the evolution of means of assessing the trustworthiness of records as evidence from antiquity to the digital age, and from the perspectives of law and history; and examines recent efforts undertaken by researchers in the field of archival science to develop methods for ensuring the trustworthiness of electronic records specifically, based on a contemporary adaptation of diplomatics. Diplomatics emerged in the seventeenth century as a body of concepts and principles for determining the authenticity of medieval documents. The exploration reveals the extent to which legal, historical, and diplomatic methods operate within a framework of inferences, generalizations and probabilities; the degree to which those methods are rooted in observational principles; and the continuing validity of a best evidence principle for assessing record trustworthiness. The study concludes that, while the technological means of assessing and ensuring record trustworthiness have changed fundamentally over time, the underlying principles have remained remarkably consistent. / Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies / Graduate

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-04-19T13:41:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇAO COMPLETA OK.compressed (2).pdf: 9945749 bytes, checksum: 97b4c78efd4a91bda39a857bd8fd5bb1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-19T13:41:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇAO COMPLETA OK.compressed (2).pdf: 9945749 bytes, checksum: 97b4c78efd4a91bda39a857bd8fd5bb1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-12 / O presente trabalho objetiva resgatar parte da trajetória dos materiais escritos sobre a Geografia, com ênfase, à produção didática. Para atingir tal propósito, o caminho escolhido e percorrido inicia-se nas Antigas Civilizações, chega a Portugal e, finalmente, ao Brasil. Utilizando-se da historiografia, relata-se como os primeiros indivíduos – dos quais se tem notícia –, desenvolveram seus sistemas de escrita; o quanto estes sistemas foram cruciais para a organização dos grupos sociais primitivos e, consequentemente, para a organização espacial. Daí, a complexidade de relações estabeleceu-se, e o conhecimento adquirido, ampliado, aprofundado e perpetuado, a partir, inicialmente, da educação informal, passa, mais adiante, à formalidade e, consequentemente, necessita de registros mais confiáveis. Assim sendo, os suportes de escrita e os códigos de linguagens evoluem com o intuito de atender a essa crescente e complexa rede social, que, tomando o caminho da Europa, vai desembarcar em Portugal e, daí, no Brasil, onde, a Impressão Régia, estabelecida oficialmente apenas no início do século XIX, possibilita o andamento da confecção de documentos e livros, inclusive de obras didáticas, como as de Geografia. Estas, por sua vez, estão aqui propositadamente representadas por três estudiosos, professores e autores precursores, o parisiense Delgado de Carvalho, o paulista Aroldo de Azevedo e o pernambucano, Manuel Correia de Andrade, pois, acredita-se que tais obras constituem raro acervo histórico, guardando em seu cerne, um precioso registro da “História da Educação em Geografia”, com suas concepções educacionais da primeira metade do século XX, mas que possuem o mérito do pioneirismo, da ousadia e que, quer admita-se ou não, ainda exercem sua influência em dias mais atuais. / This paper aims to rescue part of the trajectory of the written materials on geography, with emphasis on the didactic production. To achieve this purpose, the path chosen and traveled begins in Ancient Civilizations, arrives in Portugal and finally to Brazil. Utilizing the historiography, it is reported how the first individuals - of which we know of - have developed their writing systems; how these systems are crucial to the social organization of primitive groups and thus to the spatial organization. The complexity of relationships is established, and the knowledge gained, expanded, deepened and perpetuated. The initial informal education gives way to a more formal approach and so, more reliable records are needed. Therefore, writing holders and language codes evolve in order to meet this growing and complex social network, which, taking the road of Europe, will land in Portugal and, hence, in Brazil, where only in the early nineteenth century the Royal Printing was officially established, with which it was possible to progress the preparation of documents and books, including textbooks such as geography. These, in turn, here are purposely represented by three scholars, teachers and precursor authors, Delgado de Carvalho from Paris, Aroldo de Azevedo from São Paulo and Manuel Correia de Andrade from Pernambuco, because it is believed that such works are a rare historical collection, keeping at its core an important record of the "History of Education in Geography," with its educational conceptions of the first half of the twentieth century, and yet with the merit of pioneering, daring and, whether we admit it or not, still exerts its influence in the present days.

Através do recuo historiográfico, este trabalho buscou recolocar a relação entre missionários, cientistas e viajantes de cultura ocidental com as etnias indígenas e comunidades mestiças em termos dialógicos, isto é, partimos da hipótese que, na historiografia da representação gramatical que o europeu construiu sobre a língua indígena, seja possível surpreender a negociação de sentidos entre esses dois mundos. O objeto material constitui-se, principalmente, das gramáticas de línguas Tupi elaboradas entre os séculos XVI e XIX, nomeadamente: Anchieta 1595, Figueira 1621, Anônimo séc. XVIII, Faria 1858, Sympson 1877, Hartt 1938 [1872], Couto de Magalhães 1975 [1876] Luccock 1880 e Stradelli 1929. Como objeto formal, definimos a historiografia da descrição dos sistemas que seus autores classificaram, em seus modelos metalingüísticos, como de posse. Com efeito, a codificação metalingüística deste conceito parece ser um lugar de observação adequado visto que constituía em um aspecto cultural divergente entre tradições ocidental e indígena. / Through the historiographic approach, this work aimed to put the relationship between missionaries, scientists and travelers of the western tradition and the Indians populations in dialogical terms. Looking the historiographical grammatical representation elaborated by the European about the Indian language, we assumed that it´s possible to see the negotiation of senses between these two worlds. Our material was formed, basically, by the Tupi grammars elaborated between centuries XVI XIX. They are: Anchieta 1595, Figueira 1621, Anônimo séc. XVIII, Faria 1858, Sympson 1877, Hartt 1938 [1872], Couto de Magalhães 1975 [1876] Luccock 1880 and Stradelli 1929. As a formal object, we took the historiography of the terms classified by the authors, in their metalinguistic method, as possessive. The metalinguistic system about this conception seems to be an adequate place of observation inas much as it was a divergent cultural aspect between the western and Indian traditions.

Mathematics of the Islamic medieval world is still not sufficiently studied. As a result, a goldmine of Islamic medieval books and materials lie unexplored. One manuscript that certainly deserves attention is al-Bāhir fi’l-Jabr (The Shining Treatise on Algebra) of al-Samaw’al ibn Yahya al-Maghribi, a twelfth century mathematician. Al-Bāhir fi’l-Jabr is a manuscript written in Arabic and has never been translated except for a few excerpts in French. The purpose of this study was to explore the mathematical and pedagogical contribution of al-Samaw’al through an analysis of al-Samaw’al’s mathematical techniques and methods in al-Bāhir fi’l-Jabr. Moreover, the treatise provides a precise description of the “arithmetization of algebra”, and gives an accounting of the original ideas of another mathematician, al-Karaji, whose original documents have been lost. To develop a comprehensive picture of al-Samaw’al’s mathematical techniques and methods in al-Bāhir fi’l-Jabr (and his contribution to algebra in particular) this research has been based mainly on a careful analysis of al-Samaw’al’s manuscript in MSS Aya Sofia numbered 2718 (116ff), stored in the Suleymaniye library (Istanbul, Turkey). This study of al-Bāhir fi’l-Jabr focuses on an overview of how al-Samaw’al dealt with signed numbers, exponents and polynomial operations. Furthermore, this study describes the al-Samaw’al’s “method of the tables,” certain algorithms he employed, as well as his work on the binomial theorem, binomial coefficients, and the tabular arrangement known today as Pascal’s triangle. Most importantly, the study attempts to show the pedagogical approaches of al-Samaw’al.