This thesis attempts to use a microhistorical and historical-anthropological approach, based on records from still existing chronicles of the parish of Bohumilice, to reconstruct the everyday life of people in this region in the time period of 1922 - 1948. On the background of great historic events and based on testimonies of individual participants from given region, a colourful tapestry of people's behaviour, actions and perception is being revealed. The thesis is divided into six chapters, in the first one the author specifies the geography, economy and development of administration in the given region, the second chapter follows with history of the centre of the parish, the village of Bohumilice, the local church and school. Chapters three to five deal with the state of chronicle writing in the region. At first a description of all still existing chronicles is given, later follows an outline of records in individual chronicles in the given time period, and finally the personalities of chroniclers are presented. In the sixth chapter the author attempts, based on chroniclers? testimonies, to reconstruct everyday life in the village, the behaviour, actions and primarily the perception of its inhabitants.

En analysant les interactions entre pratiques sociales quotidiennes et espace urbain à La Havane entre 1878 et 1921, cette thèse démontre combien l'émergence et la diffusion socio-‘raciale’ de nouvelles façons de pratiquer la ville contribuent alors à une ré-invention du quotidien, c'est-à-dire à la reconfiguration de l'expérience journalière que les Havanais ont de leur ville et à l'actualisation de la façon dont ils y font société.Enclenchés entre 1878 et 1895 puis consolidés après 1898, l'essor de transports en communs urbains à La Havane et leur appropriation progressive par les couches populaires favorisent un renouvellement des pratiques sociales quotidiennes de l'espace urbain, synonyme d'une entrée définitive des Havanais dans l'ère des transports urbains de masse. Atypique de par sa précocité et sa rapidité, ce processus est également remarquable par ses répercussions sur deux des formes structurantes de la convivance havanaise. Dès avant l'Indépendance, le régime appliqué à la marginalité havanaise s'en trouve désarticulé, à un moment où, la contestation de l'ordre colonial gagnant, le contrôle social devient un enjeu crucial pour les autorités. Sur l'ensemble de la période d'étude, le renouvellement des pratiques sociales quotidiennes œuvre à une redéfinition de la géographie résidentielle havanaise : il est à la base d'une diffusion des couches populaires dans l'ensemble de La Havane, qui entrave et contredit le projet élitaire de capitale républicaine.En « faisant les poches à l’histoire », en étudiant de nombreuses archives inédites ou peu valorisées et à partir de la constitution d'une base de données géo-référencée et d'un important matériel cartographique, cette thèse pose donc, entre lecture alternative de la chronologie canonique et complexification de la trame historique, un regard autre sur l'une des périodes charnières de l'histoire de La Havane et de Cuba. / By analysing the interactions between daily social practices and urban space in Havana between 1878 and 1921, this thesis demonstrates how new ways of moving through the city emerged and spread both socially and racially, thus contributing to reinventing everyday life, that is to say reorganising its inhabitants' daily experience of the city and updating the way they socialised. The development of public transport in Havana and the working class's growing use of it began between 1878 and 1895 and boomed after 1898, which fostered a renewal of daily social practices of urban space and allowed the people of Havana to enter the age of mass urban transport. This precocious, swift, therefore atypical process was also remarkable because of its repercussions on two of the structuring forms of convivance. Already before the Independence, government's treatment of social outcasts started to dislocate, precisely at a time when protest against colonial order was spreading and social control was becoming a crucial issue for the authorities. Over the period under study in this thesis, the reinvention of daily social practices led to redefining the residential geography of Havana: it made possible a wider diffusion of the working class throughout the city, which hampered and challenged the republican capital's project of the elite. By “emptying out history's pockets” and studying numerous unpublished or little valued archives, this thesis, which involved constituting a georeferenced database and a body of cartographic material, offers a different insight into one of the turning points in the history of Havana and Cuba through an alternative analysis of the conventional chronology and a complexification of historical framework.

De toutes les campagnes de déportations programmées par la direction stalinienne, la première est restée la plus importante. Elle touche en 1930-1931 plus d’un million huit cent mille paysans «dékoulakisés » – les premiers « déplacés spéciaux » de Stalin.En 1930, la région du Nord soviétique est choisie pour servir de laboratoire à cette triple expérience – répressive, sociale et humaine –, qui impose à des dizaines de milliers de familles d’exploiter les ressources naturelles de ce territoire hostile et de s’établir définitivement dans des « villages spéciaux », conçus pour devenir des officines de rééducation.Au-delà de la reconstitution de cette déportation-expérimentation, ce travail documente, à partir de sources d’archives et de témoignages des survivants, l’histoire du quotidien dans ce nouveau microcosme goulaguien. Il éclaire les destinées des familles paysannes en relégation, leurs stratégies de survie face aux conditions extrêmes des premières années, ainsi que leurs modes d’adaptation et de réintégration dès la seconde moitié des années 1930. Il expose les changements survenus dans les « peuplements spéciaux » durant la guerre et retrace le processus d’affranchissement des déportés après dix-huit ans d’exil, qui préfigure l’aboutissement de la plus longue déportation amorcée, puis désamorcée par Stalin. / « Dekulakization » represents the single largest operation from all Stalinist mass deportations. In 1930 and 1931, more than one million eight hundred thousands peasants were sent into internal exile, becoming Stalin’s first « special settlers ».In 1930, the Soviet Northern territory was chosen to be the laboratory of this repressive and social experimentation on human beings, which obliged thousands and thousands of peasant families to extract the natural resources of these fozen hinterlands. They had to remain durably in the so-called « special villages » built for their reforging.This research, based on archival materials combined with survivor’s stories, endeavors to retrace the evolution of this experimental deportation and moreover to document the history of everyday life in the emerging order of the Gulag’s « special settlements ». It throws new light on the fate of peasant families in the North, their strategies to survive when facing the most horrific first years of repression, as well as their ways of adaptation and rehabilitation within society since the second half of the 1930s. This dissertation states the changes occurred in the « special settlements » during the war and charts the process of the deportees’ liberation after eighteen years of exile, which pointed out the end of the longest deportation initiated, and finally defused by Stalin.

The diploma thesis aims to capture and explain the changes in the milieu of nonconformist rock music in relation to the policy of Perestroika in Czechoslovakia during the years 1986- 89. The primary methodological framework is created by an interpretive trichotomy where each perspective includes various historiographical approaches (sociology of Ivo Možný, postmodern deconstruction of authoritarian discourse, so-called totality from below, etc.). The chapter dealing with the repression of rock music analyses the working methods of secret police (StB) in the 1980s while revealing the background of several typical cases (Pražský výběr, Visací zámek, Michael's Uncle). Next chapter explains the differing approaches of nonconformist rockers towards the cultural relief represented by the official festival "Rockfest". The last analytical chapter deals with perception of contemporary authorities. In conclusion it turns out that the relationship to the authoritarian horizons underwent the most fundamental transformation. The disintegration of those authoritarian horizons led to transformations inside the social field and contributed to the decline of the regime of state socialism.

In recent years, there is an apparent renaissance of the Czech cuisine, the "First Republic era" (1918 - 1938, CSR I) especially. Both chefs and journalists writing about cooking and dining are referring to the gastronomy of this time period more and more often and they are praising its quality and taste. However, there is no comprehensive publication about Czech gastronomy in 1918 - 1938 period, sparse references and notes can be found in witnesses commemorative volumes, from history of folklore and from the historical press, respectively. Based on the last especially, the image of "first republic" gastronomy is gradually puzzled out. Using a content analysis method, the four biggest newspapers (Lidové noviny, Národní listy, Český deník and Venkov) and eight women journals (Žena, Ženské listy, Ženské noviny, Ženský list, Rozsévačka, Česká Žena, Ženský svět and a "Československá žena" calendar) being published in examined period are investigated. For further findings of completive and linking facts, the historical analysis method is being used as well. Aim of this work was to answer questions about the first republic journals topics and titles, and in what fashion the first republic press thought about gastronomy. Further, this work explores the possible tendency, and development and attention is...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_rosimeire_ap_soares_borges.pdf: 802412 bytes, checksum: 0688233c5d46836a3f79b9a1fdafceb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-11-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present work had as objective to study the Movement of the Modern Mathematics (MMM) under a new angle, the one of the teacher D Ambrosio s works, related to the Mathematics teaching in the brazilian secondary, written in 1957,1959 and 1961. Those articles compound the Personal Ubiratan D Ambrosio File APUA. As a support to the present research, some relevant works by brazilian authors were studied too referring to MMM, and as complement, there were interviews with the teacher D Ambrosio in the years of 2003, 2004 and 2005. That teacher was chosen due to his work in the secondary mathematics teaching, along the period that preceded the movement. After the analysis and comparisons, there was made the intersection of theses studies, what made it possible to investigate the pedagogical possibilities in the mathematics subjects, in the classroom environment, in that period. The theoretical support was given by authors, such as Nóvoa and Freitas, that allowed us to analyze the varied shortcuts that drew the map of the Movement, starting from the history of the teacher's life, showed in his recent interview. But that, we could infer that not only the proposals of MMM, but also the teacher D Ambrosio s ones, that had very similar initial intentions and could contribute to the teaching/learning changes in the Mathematics area. However, those ideas became quite distant to the pedagogical practice level. The necessary ways to the accomplishment of those proposals, should have been build among teachers, students and school, considering the expectations towards the Mathematics subject and the social cultural brazilian reality, in that time / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o Movimento da Matemática Moderna (MMM) sob um novo ângulo, o das obras do professor D Ambrosio relativas ao ensino de Matemática no secundário brasileiro, escritas em 1957,1959 e 1961. Esses artigos integram o Arquivo Pessoal Ubiratan D Ambrosio - APUA. Como subsídio, nessa pesquisa, foram também estudados alguns trabalhos relevantes, de autores brasileiros, referentes ao MMM. Como complemento, ainda foram realizadas várias entrevistas com o professor Ubiratan D Ambrosio nos anos de 2003, 2004 e 2005. A escolha desse professor como participante desta pesquisa se deve ao fato de ele ter exercido o magistério no ensino de Matemática secundário, no período que antecedeu o Movimento. Após análises e comparações, foi feita a intersecção desses estudos, o que propiciou-nos investigar as possibilidades pedagógicas na disciplina Matemática, no ambiente de sala de aula, nesse período. A sustentação teórica foi buscada nas idéias de autores, como Nóvoa e Freitas, que permitiram analisar os variados atalhos que desenharam o mapa desse Movimento, a partir da história de vida desse professor, delineada em suas entrevistas recentes. Isso nos permitiu inferir que tanto as propostas do MMM, como as do professor D Ambrosio tinham intenções iniciais muito próximas e poderiam contribuir com as mudanças do ensino/aprendizagem da Matemática. Entretanto, essas idéias vieram se distanciar no nível de propostas de práticas pedagógicas. Os meios necessários à realização dessas propostas dependiam de ser construídos entre professores, alunos e escola, sendo relevadas as expectativas em torno dessa disciplina e a realidade sócio-cultural brasileira, naquela época

The doctoral thesis Gastronomy as a part of life style in the Czech national print media in the period between the wars in Czechoslovak Republic presents the results of eight years long research of food journalism in the Czech press between 1918 and 1938. This period called First Republic is often seen, due the positive sentiment, as a modern, democratic and prosperous state. The reality is a different. This text presents just a little part of picture of life style during First Republic which is gastronomy. That mirrors the economic and social level of the society. This text reflects critically the historical facts. The assumption, that print media pay regularly attention to the gastronomy as an integral part of life is important idea of this research. The content analysis proofs, that food journalism had its own section in the analyzed daily print, although media didn't used this kind of terminology. Five national newspapers (Lidové noviny, Národní politika, České slovo, Právo lidu and Venkov) were issued in the period 1918-1938 and newspapers Rudé právo established 1920 are included in the analysis. The selection of these (media) reflects the whole social-political spectrum of the audience. It could be assumed, that the selected newspapers represent the whole plurality of opinions. The analysis...

While scholarship often focuses on how early modern Italians used images in their devotions, particularly in the post-Tridentine era, little attention has been placed upon how laypeople engaged with devotional text during times of prayer and in their everyday lives. Studies of early modern devotional texts have explored their literary content, investigated their censorship by the Church, or concentrated upon an elite readership. This thesis, instead, investigates how ordinary devotees interacted with holy words in their material form, which I have termed ‘material prayers’. Since this thesis developed under the aegis of the interdisciplinary research project, Domestic Devotions: The Place of Piety in the Italian Renaissance Home, 1400-1600, it focuses primarily on engagement with these material prayers in domestic spaces. Using an interdisciplinary approach drawing from material culture studies, literary history, social and cultural history, and art history, it brings together objects, images and archival sources to illuminate how devotees from across the socio-economic and literacy spectrums accessed and employed devotional text in their prayers and daily life. From holy words, Biblical excerpts, and prayers to textual symbols like the Sacred Monogram of the Name of Jesus, this thesis explores how and why these material prayers were employed for spiritual, apotropaic and intercessory purposes. It analyses material prayers not only in traditional textual formats (printed books and manuscripts), but also those that were printed on single-sheets of paper, inscribed on jewellery, or etched into the structure of the home. To convey how devotees engaged with and relied upon these material prayers, it considers a variety of inscribed objects, including those sanctioned by the Church as well as those which might be questioned or deemed ‘superstitious’ by ecclesiastical authorities. Sermons, Inquisition trial records, and other archival documents have been consulted to further illuminate the material evidence. The first part of the thesis, ‘On the Body’, considers the how devotees came into personal contact with texts by wearing prayers on their bodies. It examines a range of objects including prayers with protective properties, known as brevi, that were meant to be sealed in a pouch and worn around the neck, and more luxurious items of physical adornment inscribed with devotional and apotropaic text, such as necklaces and rings. The second part of the thesis enters the home to explore how the spaces people inhabited and the objects that populated their homes were decorated with material prayers. ‘In the Home’ begins with texts inscribed over the entryways of early modern Italian homes, and then considers how devotees decorated their walls with holy words and how the objects of devotion and household life were imbued with religious significance through the addition of pious inscriptions. By analysing these personal objects and the textual domestic sphere, this thesis argues that these material prayers cut across socio-economic classes, genders, and ages to embody quotidian moments of domestic devotion as well as moments of fear, anxiety and change.