The goal of this thesis is to develop SCADA/HMI system for stations on leak test. The software will be able to communicate with the station via the OCP server, by which the control station and store measured data. For this purpose, it was used more fiber processing, as for the actual communication, as well as to run the program and work with databases to store the results. The resulting program will be placed on the personal computer, which is part of the station to check for leaks.

<p>This project was inspired by an ENG 5004 session that explored how humans process information coupled with a complaint in my workplace about how difficult it was to analyze our management data. The workplace problem lay in the technology in use: character based terminals presenting data in tabular format regarding schedule data for work on maps. This data tends to be graphically and geographically related. and more easily processed visually as symbols by humans.</p><p> The challenge in this project is that it attempts to engineer a business process and implement it in software (in an existing and operating system). The conceptual solution is to provide a graphical user interface (GUI) which presents schedule elements graphically (GANTT, PERT, and Resource Use Charts) in the visual paradigm with which managers are familiar. Further. the scheduled work is geographically based. so a graphical device that shows where a job is located is useful, especially when adjacent jobs that contended for data at their borders are also shown. And finally, given the graphic tools for reporting and analysis, the capabilities to use these tools to create and implement schedules would provide managers with greatly improved efficiency.</p><p> The conceptual solution indicates an evolution in technology for this customer. A move from the mainframe driven operations and character based display to more distributed processing and graphically based displays is indicated. The capability required is a small subset of the existing system which is not to be disturbed during integration and installation.</p><p> The solution to be implemented is to migrate the needed functions to a PC based terminal running a graphical user interface. The desired applications are hosted locally on the PC which is connected to the mainframe through existing networks. An application on the PC provides the interface to the mainframe for data extraction. and later, a data interface. Scheduling, database, and Geographic information systems (GIS) are resident on the PC. and are integrated to support customer use. The PC is then the Integrated Management Workstation (IMWS). The interface and database elements are essentially invisible to the manager. It is the manager's job to strategize and implement work plans. not worry about the inner workings of the computer system. The scheduling and GIS applications are represented to the manager who interacts, analyzes. and decides. The manager is the last and decisive element in the system, and uses the new capabilities to help manage the work. This project defines the problem, provides the conceptual solution, and provides the engineering management plans and system requirements to implement the solution. This project does not build anything and no code is written. These tasks are to be accomplished by the team that implements this project according to the guidance and stipulations contained in the project documents.</p> / Master of Science

Projektet går ut på att ersätta den befintliga styrningen av en DC-generator för 1200 kV med en fjärrstyrning från kontrollrummet via optolänk. Den nya styrningen ska utgöras av ett PLC-system (Programmable Logic Controller) som manövreras med hjälp av ett HMI – Human Machine Interface. Bakgrunden till projektet härrör från att den befintliga styrutrustningen är opålitlig samt styrs i en farlig miljö. Rapporten går igenom hur befintlig styrutrustning fungerar samt dess ingående komponenter, hur ett PLC-system fungerar med dess bakgrund och olika programmeringsspråk. Även programmeringen och byggnationen av det nya systemet avhandlas. I slutet av rapporten ges en genomgång av de provkörningar som utförts för att säkerställa att alla funktioner fungerar som tänkt. Resultat av provkörningarna ges och diskussion förs kring projektet. Projektet är utfört åt högspänningsgruppen på RISE i Borås som använder generatorn bland annat vid kalibrering av spänningsdelare. Det nya styrsystemet innefattar alla av den tidigare styrutrustningens funktioner och några nya funktioner så som överströms- och överspänningsskydd vilka slår från spänningsmatningen om dessa begränsningar överskrids. Att styrutrustningen nu är placerad i kontrollrumsmiljö gör att operatören kan hantera utrustningen utan att vara i närheten av farlig spänning. / The report aims to replace the current control equipment for a DC-generator for 1200 kV by remote control from control room through optical fibre link. The new control will be a PLC system controlled by a HMI – Human Machine Interface. The background to the project is that the existing control equipment is unreliable and controlled in a dangerous environment. The report shows how the current control equipment works and its constituent components, how a PLC-system works with its background and different programming languages. This report will also describe how the programming and building of the hardware are done. In the end of this report are going through a test run to confirm that the system is working properly. Result of the test run are given and some discussion. The project is initiated by the high voltage group at RISE in Borås, who are using the DC-generator for instance while calibrating voltage dividers. The new control system contains all of the functions from the earlier control system but also some new functions such as overcurrent and overvoltage protection who turns off power supply if the limits are exceeded. The control system is now located in the control room so that the operator can use the system without being close to high voltage.

A careful, investigative look at what could be described as “metaresearch” (research on research) within Human-Computer Interaction and Interaction Design reveals that there is an issue regarding the conceptualizing and communication of complex ideas and meanings. The multidisciplinary nature of this field causes confusion and difficulty in expression when disparate terminology from its different fields is used in unison to express ideas unique to it or complex enough to need sketching, gestures or extensive explanation to get the message across. This thesis argues that creating a unified language that can join these forms of expression is something that could potentially solve this issue, and proposes a blueprint of what such a language would look like, backing its claims using literature research and expert interviews.

Detta arbete behandlar hur ett Siemens PLC system konstrueras och programmeras för att automatisera rengöringen av textilslangar vid rökgasrening. Det gjordes genom att undersöka kravsammanställning och utforma systemet därefter. För systemet togs kopplingsscheman fram, programmering av virtuell PLC och HMI gjordes. Systemet simulerades sedan med framgång. Alla funktioner har inte utvecklats men de viktigaste kraven är uppfyllda. Detta ledde till slutsatsen att det är möjligt att göra ett Siemens baserat PLC system för automatisering av rökgasrening. / <p>Presentation via ZOOM</p>

The demand for electric vehicles is ever-increasingand as such, there needs to be an efficient and easy way to chargetheir batteries. Aiming to simplify the use of chargers this reporthas tackled the challenge of developing a prototype for charginga Formula Student Electric Vehicle. This prototype was namedCharge Controller and is what a user will interact with whencharging the vehicle’s battery. In this project, a new architecturefor the charging process has been designed for both hardware andsoftware. Initial tests prove that the charging of the vehicle canbe done in a simple manner. The hardware has been designed,produced, partially assembled and partially tested. The softwarehas been tested using a development board which demonstratesthat the design works. / Efterfrågan på elfordon ökar ständigt och därför måste det finnas ett effektivt och enkelt sätt att ladda batterierna. För att förenkla användningen av laddare har man i denna rapport tagit sig an utmaningen att utveckla en prototyp för att ladda ett elfordon från Formula Student. Denna prototyp fick namnet Charge Controller och är det som användaren kommer att interagera med när fordonets batteri laddas. I detta projekt har en ny arkitektur för laddningsprocessen utformats för både hårdvara och mjukvara. De första testerna visar att laddningen av fordonet kan göras på ett enkelt sätt. Hårdvaran har konstruerats, tillverkats, delvis monterats och delvis testats. har testats med hjälp av ett utvecklingskort, vilket visar att designen fungerar. / Kandidatexjobb i elektroteknik 2022, KTH, Stockholm

Vattenkraften är en viktig del av den svenska elförsörjningen och tillgodoser cirka 45 % av det årliga elbehovet i landet. Vattenkraften utnyttjar höjdskillnaden mellan inflödet och utflödet för att driva turbiner och producera el. I Sverige finns omkring 200 dammar med en fallhöjd större än 15 m och för höga nivåer vid någon av dessa skulle leda till ett dammbrott med omfattande konsekvenser. Ett viktigt område som det investeras mycket i idag är dammsäkerhet vilket går ut på att undvika okontrollerade översvämningar av dammen. Kännedom av fallhöjd och flöde är nödvändiga inom vattenkraft för att kunna beräkna producerad effekt och även vid dimensionering av dammar, vattenvägar och generatorer. Mättningar på inflödet till ett vattendrag anses vara mycket komplicerat och tidskrävande däremot kan utflödet genom utskoven beräknas med matematiska samband. Utskov avser öppningar i dammen som används för att avbörda vatten. Det finns således olika typer av utskov och det som påverkar valen är aspekter som kostnad, väderförhållanden, avbördningsförmåga, etc. För att undvika en möjlig överströmning av en damm dimensioneras ofta utskoven med avseende på vilken mängd vatten de bör avbörda. Ett krav som ofta ställs är att det ska vara möjligt att avbörda en vattendrags högsta vattennivå (HHQ). Några av de mest förekommande varianter av kontrollerade utskov i Sverige är valsdammar, luckdammar och bottenutskov.   Nivån i vattenmagasinet mäts upp med hjälp av sensorer som är placerade på olika platser vid dammen och uppmätta höga nivåer leder till att olika larmfunktioner löser ut. Regleringen av vattennivån sker då genom att avbörda vatten på ett kontrollerat sätt genom utskoven.  Genom att simulera regleringsprocessen av vattennivån i en virtuell miljö kan olika scenarier som kan uppstå vid magasinhantering testas på ett ekonomiskt sätt och hitta lämpliga reglerstrategier. Simuleringar är också en av de verktyg lyft fram inom industri 4.0 vilket kan bidra till framtidens lösningar inom automatiseringsprojekt. I arbetet studeras de olika beståndsdelar i ett vattenkraftverk och en tilltänkt metod presenteras för skapning av en virtuell modell av nivåregleringsprocessen i Siemens SIMIT, styrning av modellen via en virtuell PLC-enhet och visualisering av processen på en HMI-skärm. / Hydropower is an important part of the Swedish electricity supply and meets about 45% of the annual electricity needs in the country. Hydropower uses the height difference between inflow and outflow to power turbines and produces electricity. In Sweden, there are about 200 dams with a drop height greater than 15 m, and too high levels at any of these dams would lead to a dam break with extensive consequences. An important area in which a lot is invested today is dam safety, which is about avoiding uncontrolled flooding of the dam. Knowledge of drop height and water flow is necessary for hydropower to calculate the power produced and when dimensioning dams, waterways, and generators. Saturations on the inflow to a watercourse are very complicated and time-consuming, however, the outflow through the spillway can be calculated with mathematical correlations. Spillways refer to openings in the dam that are used to carry away water volumes. Thus, there are different types of spillways, and what influences the choices are aspects such as cost, weather conditions, etc. To avoid possible flooding of a dam, the spillways are often dimensioned with respect to the amount of water they should carry away. A requirement that is often made is that it must be able to carry away the highest water level (HHQ) of a watercourse.  The level in the water reservoir is measured with the help of sensors that are in different places by the dam and measured high levels lead to different alarm functions being triggered. The regulation of the water level then takes place by carrying away water in a controlled manner through the spillway. By simulating the regulation process of the water level in a virtual environment, different scenarios that can arise during reservoir management can be tested in an economical way and find suitable control strategies. Simulations are also one of the tools highlighted in industry 4.0, which can contribute to future solutions in automation projects. In the work, the various components of a hydropower plant are studied, and an intended method is presented for creating a virtual model of the level control process in Siemens SIMIT, controlling the model via a virtual PLC unit and visualizing the process on an HMI screen.

As technology advances and innovation becomes a keystone in every new product, some old gadgets and applications might experience difficulty keeping up. Theymight still be as functional as they were but the impression of them might not be ascreative as they were. At Tecnau, Ljungby, the user interface for their machines is noexception. Their GUI requires an update, aesthetic-wise and in terms of the softwarein which it is developed. Earlier their application was created in Tecanu’s programming language but this project will find a new, recently developed, framework andmethod of development for an HMI which will enable easier future development andredesigning of the user interface. To achieve this, a literature study has been donealongside experimenting with the framework that was found in this very study. Theresulting framework that was found was Django for the HMI in combination withApache to keep the application up to date. While finding the procedure of developing the HMI was most sufficient, the implementation ended up in minor piecesinstead of a complete application.

Com o aumento da população mundial, o desenvolvimento de novas fontes e conversores de energia tornou-se uma necessidade. As células a combustível mostram-se como uma alternativa viável devido principalmente a duas razões, sua alta eficiência e a utilização de combustíveis renováveis. No presente trabalho se estuda a influência da temperatura de operação e o conteúdo de álcali no combustível sobre a densidade de potencia para uma célula a combustível de glicerol direto. Como combustível foi utilizado uma solução de glicerol:KOH (1M:xM, x=0, 1, 3, 5), como membranas foram utilizados filmes de polibencimidazol impregnado com ácido fosfórico (PBI/H3PO4, relação molar 1:11) ou 1-hexil-3-metilimidazol trifluorometanosulfonato (PBI/HMI-Tf relação molar 1:1.5), e finalmente, nano partículas de Pt suportadas em carbono (60% w/w) como catalizador no ânodo e no cátodo. Em geral, o incremento da temperatura e conteúdo de álcali no combustível mostra um efeito favorável na densidade de potencia do sistema. Numa célula a combustível unitária de glicerol direto utilizando membranas de PBI/ H3PO4 e PBI/HMI-Tf foram obtidas densidades de potencia de 0.54mW.cm-2 a 175°C e 0.599mW.cm-2 a 130°C, respectivamente, para uma solução de glicerol de (1M); enquanto que, para uma solução com um conteúdo maior de álcali, glicerol:KOH (1M:5M), foram obtidas densidades de potencia maiores, 44.1mW.cm-2 a 175°C e 29mW.cm-2 a 130°C, respectivamente. O efeito combinado do incremento da temperatura e concentração de álcali no combustível mostra um efeito maior em relação ao efeito só da temperatura. / With the increasing world population, the development of new energy sources or energy converters has become a necessity. Fuel cells show up as a viable alternative due mainly to two reasons, their high efficiency and the use of renewable fuels. In the present work we study the influence of operating temperature and alkali content in the fuel on the power density for a direct glycerol fuel cell. A glycerol:KOH (1M: xM, x = 0, 1, 3, 5) solution was used as fuels, as membranes were used polibencimidazol films impregnated with phosphoric acid (PBI/H3PO4, molar ratio of 1:11) or 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (PBI/HMI-Tf), and finally, Pt nanoparticles supported on carbon (60% w / w) as catalyst in the anode and cathode. In general, increasing the temperature and alkali content in the fuel shows a favorable effect in the system power density. In a direct glycerol fuel cell using PBI/H3PO4 and PBI /HMI-Tf membranes were obtained power density of 0.54mW.cm-2 at 175°C and 0.599mW.cm-2 at 130°C, respectively, for a 1M glycerol solution; while for a glycerol solution with a higher content of alkali, glycerol:KOH (1M: 5M), were obtained higher power densities, 44.1mW.cm-2 at 175 ° C and 29mW.cm-2 at 130 ° C, respectively. The combined effect of increased temperature and alkali concentration in the fuel shows a greater effect compared to the effect of temperature only.

Com o aumento da população mundial, o desenvolvimento de novas fontes e conversores de energia tornou-se uma necessidade. As células a combustível mostram-se como uma alternativa viável devido principalmente a duas razões, sua alta eficiência e a utilização de combustíveis renováveis. No presente trabalho se estuda a influência da temperatura de operação e o conteúdo de álcali no combustível sobre a densidade de potencia para uma célula a combustível de glicerol direto. Como combustível foi utilizado uma solução de glicerol:KOH (1M:xM, x=0, 1, 3, 5), como membranas foram utilizados filmes de polibencimidazol impregnado com ácido fosfórico (PBI/H3PO4, relação molar 1:11) ou 1-hexil-3-metilimidazol trifluorometanosulfonato (PBI/HMI-Tf relação molar 1:1.5), e finalmente, nano partículas de Pt suportadas em carbono (60% w/w) como catalizador no ânodo e no cátodo. Em geral, o incremento da temperatura e conteúdo de álcali no combustível mostra um efeito favorável na densidade de potencia do sistema. Numa célula a combustível unitária de glicerol direto utilizando membranas de PBI/ H3PO4 e PBI/HMI-Tf foram obtidas densidades de potencia de 0.54mW.cm-2 a 175°C e 0.599mW.cm-2 a 130°C, respectivamente, para uma solução de glicerol de (1M); enquanto que, para uma solução com um conteúdo maior de álcali, glicerol:KOH (1M:5M), foram obtidas densidades de potencia maiores, 44.1mW.cm-2 a 175°C e 29mW.cm-2 a 130°C, respectivamente. O efeito combinado do incremento da temperatura e concentração de álcali no combustível mostra um efeito maior em relação ao efeito só da temperatura. / With the increasing world population, the development of new energy sources or energy converters has become a necessity. Fuel cells show up as a viable alternative due mainly to two reasons, their high efficiency and the use of renewable fuels. In the present work we study the influence of operating temperature and alkali content in the fuel on the power density for a direct glycerol fuel cell. A glycerol:KOH (1M: xM, x = 0, 1, 3, 5) solution was used as fuels, as membranes were used polibencimidazol films impregnated with phosphoric acid (PBI/H3PO4, molar ratio of 1:11) or 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (PBI/HMI-Tf), and finally, Pt nanoparticles supported on carbon (60% w / w) as catalyst in the anode and cathode. In general, increasing the temperature and alkali content in the fuel shows a favorable effect in the system power density. In a direct glycerol fuel cell using PBI/H3PO4 and PBI /HMI-Tf membranes were obtained power density of 0.54mW.cm-2 at 175°C and 0.599mW.cm-2 at 130°C, respectively, for a 1M glycerol solution; while for a glycerol solution with a higher content of alkali, glycerol:KOH (1M: 5M), were obtained higher power densities, 44.1mW.cm-2 at 175 ° C and 29mW.cm-2 at 130 ° C, respectively. The combined effect of increased temperature and alkali concentration in the fuel shows a greater effect compared to the effect of temperature only.