Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains iii, v, 138 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-138). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

In this essay, I argue that Harry Frankfurt’s view of the domain of ethics is flawed. On Frankfurt’s view, what we care about falls outside the proper scope of ethics because we are bound to what we care about, not by the force of moral necessities, but by non-moral ‘volitional necessities’. I show, however, that being moved to care within the constraints of our volitional necessities requires meeting a moral obligation of self-honesty. Developing Kant’s idea of a duty to truthfulness, I show that the duty to truthfulness is a duty to self-honesty. I then contend that self-honesty is a moral duty because self-honesty is essential for self-respect. Thus, because we fulfill a moral obligation to ourselves in the course of caring about things within the constraints of our volitional necessities, what we care about is a moral matter within the domain of ethics.

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Psychology / Master / Master of Philosophy

Orientador: Rita Melissa Lepre / Banca: Marcia Cristina de Oliveira Mello / Banca: Patricia Unger Raphael Bataglia / Resumo: Imersos nos tenebrosos problemas de corrupção e desonestidade que nosso país enfrenta, a intenção deste trabalho é discutir as razões que levam o ser humano a tal comportamento e as possíveis formas de amenizar essa conduta, inserindo desde cedo as virtudes morais em práticas pedagógicas do contexto escolar. Assim, escolhemos o valor da honestidade para ser objeto de pesquisa deste trabalho e descrevemos quais as contribuições que o aprendizado deste valor humano pode resultar na construção da moralidade autônoma e na formação do caráter de crianças. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de refletir sobre a importância desta temática no contexto escolar desde os primeiros anos da educação básica e suas contribuições para a formação moral do indivíduo. Desta forma, o problema de pesquisa desta investigação se apresenta como: Como a Educação Moral pode ser trabalhada em sala de aula, com educandos do 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental, com ênfase no valor humano honestidade, de maneira afetiva contribuindo para o desenvolvimento da moralidade? Diante a este questionamento, a figura do professor apresenta relevante importância, assegurando que o trabalho com valores proporcione consciência moral autônoma, gerenciando suas vidas com escolhas frente às consequências que delas advirem. O referencial teórico foi um dos grandes desafios desta pesquisa, visto que a maioria dos pesquisadores não enfatizam a honestidade como objeto de investigação, mas se debruçam nos contra valores como ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Immersed in the tenebrous problems of corruption and dishonesty that our country faces, the intention of this work is to discuss the reasons that lead the human being to such behavior and the possible ways of mitigating this conduct, by inserting during childhood the moral virtues in pedagogical practices in the school context. Thus, we choose the value of honesty to be the research object of this work and we describe the contributions of the learning of this human value in the construction of the autonomous morality and on the formation of the character of children. Thus, this research has the objective of reflecting about the importance of this topic in the school context from the earliest years of basic education and, how this contributes to the moral formation of the individual. Thus, the research question is how can Moral Education be worked in the classroom with students in the 3rd grade of Elementary School with emphasis on honesty, as human value, and effectively contributing to the development of morality? In face of this question, the teacher him/herself presents relevant importance, ensuring that by working with values help develop autonomous moral awareness and encourage students to deal in life with choices and the consequences that come from them. The theoretical framework was one of the great challenges of this research, since most researchers do not emphasize honesty as an object of investigation, but they focus on counter values such as corruption and cheatin... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Integrity tests are used as a pre-employment screening technique by companies and organizations, and the fakability of such tests remain a concern. The present study used two separate designs to analyze the fakability of the Personnel Reaction Blank (PRB), a covert integrity test, and the personality constructs predictive of honest and fake scores. This study shows that the PRB can be successfully faked. The personality constructs conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism are significantly correlated with honest integrity test scores while conscientiousness and neuroticism are predictors of faking behavior. Finally, the type of design used to examine the fakability of the PRB affects the magnitude of faking found. I conclude by discussing the theoretical and practical uses of the results and directions for future research. / Department of Psychological Science

A dual-process framework argues that both intuition and reflection interact to produce moral decisions. The present dissertation integrated moral identity and moral judgment to explain moral behavior from the dual-process model and its account was tested by three studies. A typical everyday moral behavior of interest in the present research was honest behavior. Participants were introduced to use their intuitive ability to predict the dice number demonstrated on a computer. The reward will base on their self-reported accuracy. Studies examined cheating behavior of individuals who had a chance to lie for money. In study 1, sixty participants with diversified background were recruited in a laboratory study. The results supported that honest behavior was more an intuitive result than a reflective outcome. Honest behavior resulted from the absence of temptation and priming moral constructs increased honest behavior. Study 2 contained two parts, in the first part, the researcher developed a Chinese version of moral identity based on Aquino and Reed’s (2002) work, in the second part, fifty-eight participants’ moral identity was investigated by the instrument in the first part. Their honest behavior was measured in the same task adopted in study 1. The result confirmed that different mechanisms led different people to behave ethically. For people who had strong moral identity, honesty resulted from the absence of temptation, while for individual with weak moral identity, honest behavior resulted from the active resistance of temptation. In study 3, moral identity and moral judgment were integrated to explain moral behavior. A Web-based survey with 437 subjects showed that the relationship between moral identity and moral judgment was significant. Individuals who viewed themselves as moral people preferred formalistic ideals to utilitarian framework when making moral judgment. The follow-up experimental study demonstrated that moral identity and moral judgment interacted together to determine moral behavior. When formalism was coupled with the motivational power of moral identity, individuals were most likely to behave morally.

This study explores a model for the creative process to facilitate an honest, individualistic, empowering human experience for the dancers and choreographer in the Higher Ed dance studio. I investigated the role of choreographer as facilitator/collaborator and dancer as creator/co-owner to formulate a model aimed at developing connection. Over the course of eight weeks, I facilitated a creative process workshop. Eight undergraduate dance majors volunteered to be a part of the study. My evaluation was conducted through pre and post workshop interviews, self-journaling, group discussions, as well as video documentation. As a result, three themes and six sub-themes emerged from the data: Self-Realization with sub-themes of self-reflection, self-acceptance, and confidence; Safe Open Environment with sub-themes of group empathy and connection; and Using the Voice with a sub-theme of vulnerability. This model offers a safe environment geared toward using the voice, practicing vulnerability, and making individual artistic decisions.

The epistemological problem of sincerity in testimony is often approached in the following way: We, as a matter of fact, accept utterances as sincere. We do so in the face of knowledge that people lie and deceive,and yet we still count these beliefs as good beliefs. Therefore there must be some reason or argument that we can cite in order to justify our acceptance of the sincerity of the speaker. In this thesis I will argue, contra this, that there is no reason, per se, that justifies our of a speakers sincerity: this is because recognition of the obligation to accept the sincerity is a necessary condition on the possibility of communication and interpretation. In the first three of the thesis I will argue against three of the main approaches to the problem by focusing on what I believe to be the strongest accounts of each: Elizabeth Fricker's reductionism, Tyler Burge's non-reductionism, and Paul Faulkner's trust account of testimony. In the final chapter I will put forward my positive account. I will argue that it is a constitutive rule of language that a speaker be sincere, and then make the further claim, that it is a constitutive rule of interpretation that the hearer take an utterance as sincere. On my account, successful communication does not just depend on a speaker making sincere utterances,but just as importantly,, on the hearer recognising an obligation to take those utterances as being sincere.

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