The aim of this study is to investigate how honor-related violence is constructed by media. Over the years, a number of terrible stories of humans have been noticed in media. This forms the basis of why it is important to study media in relations to social work. In today’s society, media has great power, which means that media has a huge impact on how social problems are perceived; honor- related violence is an example of this. The core of this study is to analyze from what perspective honor-related violence is produced in newspapers, and there are three different perspectives to this; the cultural-, gender- and intersectional perspective. The empirical material we have used in this study is news articles of the greatest newspaper companies in Sweden. The results in our study showed that the most occurring perspective reflecting the news articles related to honor issues is the cultural perspective. That is, the universal violence is not as observed in the same way in connection with these issues. Thereby, the honor-related violence differs from the general violence that media report; that is where one can see a pattern that differs and angles men’s universal violence against women. Aspects that are excluded when it comes to honer-related issues could contribute to a disordered image of the issue, but also exclude another important aspect of the social issue. The study has shown that mass medias production of honor is usually directly connected with the immigrant culture that is considered to promote violence; whereas the Swedish culture is considered to be associated with freedom and equality.

The aim of the study is to understand how the construction of honor-related violence is interpreted by the social worker and the individual on the basis of risk assessment and support. The study was conducted using semi-structured interviews and informants consisted of nine social workers at eight interview sessions. All the social workers had expertise in honor-related violence but had different positions as social workers. Some were children administrators and others were adult handlers. The information was processed by the encoding of the text for theoretical concepts. The results showed that it is relevant to make a difference in the risk assessments of honor-related violence compared to other violence. This is because honor-related violence often involves greater restrictions than partner violence. The phenomenon of honor-related violence can include a wide age range and cannot be reduced to the girls and young girls but also affects older women, depending on what context it is interpreted. Furthermore, higher requirements on protection strategies and coordinated action are demanded. The result shows that it differs greatly between municipalities how to work out with honor-related violence. Violence has scales and it may be different how the individual perceives the violence. Honor based repression often leads to very subtle expression control which makes the problem difficult to identify. This as well as the starting point for the analysis assume their own words to be aggravating factors. There could be a conflict of identifying honor-related violence and social secretary's approach to risk assessment and support can be crucial.

The thesis deals with the theme of social groups of individuals, historically known as "disreputable people", among whom the executioners, knackers and bailiffs belonged. The main aim is to capture the social status of these people, who are historiographically considered as the individuals standing on the lowest rung of the social ladder. Detailed analysis of the sources of urban provenance is to show both the interaction of this group and its individuals with the rest of the urban community, especially with individuals considered as honorable, and also the everyday life of disreputable people in the urban environment. The thesis is divided into three parts, which are further thematically divided. The first part shows the theoretical and methodological level with an emphasis on previous studies dealing with the phenomenon of honor and also issues of discreditable people and of capital punishment. The following two parts contain an analysis of the situation of dishonourable people in the East Bohemian town of Pardubice in 17th century and because of the necessary comparison of regional differences, there was also the research of analogous conditions of another East Bohemian town Náchod included. Inside the urban society the professional functions of these individuals, their property background,...

En Kabylie, société de tradition patriarcale à domination masculine, les femmes ont recouru pendant des siècles à une multitude de pratiques détournées, décrites dans la littérature comme des « contre-pouvoirs » (Lacoste-Dujardin, 1985, 2008). À travers nombre de processus, elles semblent avoir de tout temps défié l’autorité dominante par le recours à des pratiques magiques, par une adaptation aux normes et valeurs de la société, mais surtout par la subtilité et la maîtrise de l’art de la parole. L’injure féminine, en tant qu’acte de langage, fait également partie des stratégies qu’utilisent les femmes kabyles afin d’exercer leur pouvoir de manière indirecte sur la société dominante, autrement dit, sur les hommes.La plupart des recherches qui se sont penchées sur la question de l’injure en Kabylie ont été menées par des anthropologues qui l’abordent dans son aspect ritualisé (Aït-Ferroukh, 1999 ; Rabia, 1988) ou par des linguistes dont les réflexions portent essentiellement sur le critère sémantique envisagé en rapport avec la vision du monde et la société (Mebtouche-Nejai 2012). Dans la perspective anthropologique qui m’intéresse, l’injure sera appréhendée comme un ensemble d’actes sociaux porteurs de conséquences (Laforêt et Vincent, 2004), plutôt que comme une catégorie de parole dépréciative, d’où la nécessité de prendre en compte sa valeur pragmatique dans la dimension du tort causé ou subi ou effet injure (Larguèche 1983, 1993, 2004, 2009) qui est nécessaire à sa compréhension.En m’appuyant sur les spécificités typologiques de l’injure féminine, je tenterai de montrer, dans une optique essentiellement pragmatique, comment dans une société à domination masculine où la parole est codifiée, l’injure, en tant que transgression langagière, permet aux femmes d’exercer leur pouvoir de manière indirecte. L’examen de ces procédés permettra de cerner les enjeux du pouvoir féminin et de voir dans quelle mesure l’injure peut être utilisée comme contre-pouvoir. / In Kabylia, a society with a male-domination patriarchal tradition, women have employed for many centuries a set of indirect practices, defined in the literature as « counter-powers » (Lacoste-Dujardin, 1985, 2008). Through several processes, they looked as they have always defied the dominant authority by exercising magical practices, adapting to the norms and values of society, but also, by their mastery and subtle use of the art of speech. Female term of abuse, as an act of language, is one of the strategies used by kabyle women to exert their power in an indirect manner on the dominant society, constituted by the men.Most of the research work that focused on the issue of insults in Kabylia has been conducted by anthropologists who analyzed it in its ritualized aspect (Aït-Ferroukh, 1999, Rabia, 1988) or by linguists whose reflections were conducted essentially on the semantic criterion in relation with the worldview and society (Mebtouche-Nejai, 2012). In the anthropological perspective that interests me, the insult will be apprehended as a set of social acts with consequences (Laforêt and Vincent, 2004), rather than as a category of deprecating speech, hence the need to take into account its pragmatic value in the dimension of the harm caused or suffered or the insulting effect (Larguèche, 1983, 1993, 2004, 2009) which is necessary for its comprehension.Based on the typological specifics of female insults, I will try to show, from an essentially pragmatic perspective, in a male-dominating society where the speech is codified, how the insult, as a linguistic transgression, allows women to exert their power indirectly. Examining these processes will help to identify the stakes of feminine power and to see at what extent the insult can be used as a counter-power.

A pesquisa analisa as formas como as estratégias de mobilidade social dos policiais militares se articulam com o pertencimento à Polícia Militar do Pará. Procurou-se examinar as trajetórias individuais por meio dos papéis desses policiais no âmbito doméstico-familiar e das chances no mercado de trabalho, para compreender a característica do recrutamento institucional, e, por outro lado, analisar as trajetórias possíveis a partir do acesso à corporação policial-militar. Para tanto, a pesquisa apoiou-se na análise morfológica das distintas posições, sucessivamente, ocupadas pelos policiais, e na comparação entre suas trajetórias com base nos dados referentes à família de origem, escolaridade, ocupações pretéritas no mercado de trabalho, percepção sobre o acesso à corporação e à mobilidade interna com base em dados estatutários grau hierárquico e cargos funcionais. Foram entrevistados 22 praças e oito oficiais, dentre estes três mulheres, todas praças. Os resultados apontaram para a atração majoritária de homens com baixa escolaridade e vindos de ocupações precárias e desqualificadas para o estrato de praças; e de homens com o ensino superior incompleto e completo para o estrato de oficiais. Os praças dependem da continuidade da relação salarial assegurada pelo cargo público, e tendem a permanecer na mesma posição social após o ingresso na instituição, enquanto aos oficiais são possíveis trajetórias de mobilidade social vertical. A dependência social do estrato de praças é justificada internamente por uma retórica familiar, que representa a filiação institucional como uma associação moral baseada na honra familiar dos policiais, que os expõe ao paternalismo do corpo de oficiais e bloqueia suas chances de ascensão social. / The research analyzes the forms of associations of social mobility of the military police are articulated with the belonging to the Military Police of Pará. It was sought to examine individual trajectories through the roles of these police officers in the domestic-family environment and the chances in the labor market to understand the characteristics of institutional recruitment and, on the other hand, to analyze the possible trajectories from access to the corporation. In order to do so, the research was based on the morphological analysis of the different positions, in turn, occupied by the police, and on the comparison between their trajectories based on data referring to the family of origin, schooling, past occupations in the labor market, perception about access to corporate and internal mobility based on statutory data - hierarchical degree and functional positions. Twenty-two enlisted soldiers and eight comissioned officers were interviewed, these are three women, all enlisted. The results pointed to the majority attraction of men with low schooling and coming from precarious and disqualified occupations to the stratum of enlisted soldiers; and men with incomplete and complete higher education for the officers stratum. The enlisted depend on the continuity of the salary relationship assured by the public officers, and tend to remain in the same social position after joining the institution, while officials are possible trajectories of vertical social mobility. The social dependence of the stratum of enlisted soldiers is internally justified by a familiar rhetoric, which represents institutional affiliation as a moral association based on the family honor of the policemen, which exposes them to the paternalism of the corps of officers and blocks their chances of social ascension.

1 The crime of defamation under Art. 184 Criminal Code Abstract This thesis deals with the wording and the role of the crime of defamation in criminal law. Since it is a minor offense due to the objective aspect of a criminal offense and the type of object it protects, and it has repeatedly been considered for removal from the Criminal Code for the last 15 years, the author posits whether the existing factual basis of defamation in criminal law is dispensable. The first chapter of this thesis deals with the fundamental right of preservation of human dignity, personal honor, and good reputation. The introduction and differentiation of the enumerated institutes are followed by a summary of the historical development of penal regulation regarding preservation of honor. It aims to record how the definition of the crime of defamation developed starting from the beginning of the First Republic to the present day, and at the same time to explore the most important reasons that led the legislators to retain the crime of defamation in the Criminal Code after the Velvet Revolution. In the central part of the thesis are following two chapters where the author deals with the current wording of the preservation of dignity and reputation in the Czech legal order and detailed characteristics of the factual basis of the...

Honor ideology and militarized masculinities have recently gained more attention within the research field of peace and conflict studies. It has been found that attitudes related to honor and gender equality are associated to the use of violence on both an individual level and on state level. This thesis is exploring honor ideology in a post-war context in order to investigate if honor ideology is connected to attitudes regarding coexistence. By using new survey data collected in north-eastern Sri Lanka, ordinal logit regressions are used to test the hypotheses that individuals with higher levels of masculine toughness, patriarchal values and honor ideology are less willing to coexist with people from former ‘rivalling’ groups. From the regression analyses, it was found that there seems to be a relationship between higher levels of masculine toughness, patriarchal values and honor ideology, and lower levels of willingness to coexist with people from former ‘rivalling’ groups – findings that were statistically significant on 95-99% confidence interval. However, the results are not very robust and further research is needed to investigate how honor ideologies affect other attitudes that are important for peace.

Cette thèse étudie un ensemble de trois notions romaines, honos, honestum et honestas, qui recouvrent des objets socio-politiques (les marques d’honneur, le prestige social, les charges publiques) et des données morales et psychologiques (la conduite digne, le sens de l’honneur, le bien éthique). L’enquête cherche à éclairer la complexité et la plasticité de ces notions. Elle s’interroge également sur leur rapport avec le concept d’honneur, notamment tel qu’il est envisagé par les sciences sociales, ainsi que sur leur valeur morale et leur place au sein de l’axiologie. Les trois notions sont abordées à travers les représentations qu’en donnent les textes latins, pour les étudier de l’intérieur de la culture romaine ; elles sont simultanément interprétées à l’aide d’outils empruntés à la linguistique, la sociologie, l’anthropologie et l’histoire des idées. L’étude commence par une analyse du sens des mots honos, honestum et honestas, termes polysémiques mais cohérents sur le plan sémantique. Elle examine ensuite les pratiques de l’honos dans la vie des Romains : le prestige et les marques d’honneur, malgré leurs formes diverses, ont des mécanismes symboliques et économiques communs et une même source, l’adéquation à la morale ancestrale romaine. L’honos procure distinction et autorité mais contraint, par compensation, à l’honestas, conduite conforme à un code d’honneur. À l’échelle de la cité, l’honos a des fonctions de régulation morale et de structuration sociale et politique. C’est aussi une divinité, Honos, qui fait l’objet d’un culte et d’utilisations doctrinales. Dans un dernier temps, cette thèse confronte la pratique à la théorie et envisage les trois notions comme idées. Les auteurs latins, de Plaute à Salluste, ont constitué l’honos en objet de réflexion critique, en instrument idéologique et en ressort littéraire, et ont conceptualisé l’honestum dans la pensée éthique, en le constituant progressivement en bien moral suprême. / This dissertation examines the three Roman notions of honos, honestum, and honestas, which overlie both sociopolitical objects (marks of honor, social prestige, public duties) and moral and psychological givens (dignified conduct, sense of honor and ethical good). The purpose of this inquiry is to shed light on the complexity and plasticity of these notions. The dissertation also interrogates their relationship with the concept of honor, especially as conceived in social sciences, and their moral value and position within axiology. The three notions are examined through their use in Latin texts in order to study them within Roman culture; the dissertation also uses the interpretive tools of linguistics, sociology, anthropology, and the history of ideas. The study begins with an analysis of the words honos, honestum, and honestas, which are at once polysemic and semantically coherent. It then analyzes the honos practices in Roman life; despite their diverse forms, prestige and marks of honor share common symbolic and economic mechanisms and have the same source, conformity to ancestral Roman customs. Honos provides distinction and authority but it compensatorily limits the individual to honestas, a conduct that conforms to an honor code. On the level of the community, honos functions as a regulator of customs and an instrument of social and political structuring. It is also a divinity, Honos, which is the object of worship and of doctrinal uses. Lastly, this dissertation brings together theory and practice and imagines the three notions as ideas. Latin authors from Plautus to Sallustius constituted honos as an object of critical reflection, an ideological instrument and a literary device, and conceptualized honestum in ethical thought, gradually designing it as the highest moral good.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HenriqueLoureiro.pdf: 906514 bytes, checksum: 55b264ae4558f6cc9a3de5b38037b6a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-10-19 / The technological evolution in the last two centuries, allied to the development of the large scale media, the advertising and propaganda, caught the attention of the legal world for the study of the image. Initially, this legally protected interest was inserted in the guardianship of other rights, such as the right to the honor, the right to the privacy, the copyright and the right to the proper body. Afterwards it was realized that it was an independent legally protected interest, deserving proper protection, otherwise it could constitute a gap in the guardianship of the personality. Treated with disdain for the Brazilian infraconstitutional legislator, the image was raised independent by the Federal Constitution of 1988, integrant of the roll of the stony clauses and essential basic right to the dignity of the person human being. The Federal Constitution also conceived a new meaning of image - beyond the physical conformation of the individual - that aggregate the attributes presented by a person to the society. Not sharing the same view of the Federal Constitution, the Civil Code of 2002 reduced the field of protection of the image, what, in it, imposes the need to recognize the unconstitutionality of its article 20 and to invoke article 5º, V and X, of the Federal Constitution, norms of full effectiveness and immediate applicability, and article 12 of the Civil Code, general clause of guardianship of the personality, to protect this legal interest. Currently can be observed in our Superior Courts decisions that determine the repairing of pain and suffering for the mere breaking of the right to the image, independently of injury to the honor or other rights of the personality, consecrating effectively the autonomy of this basic good of the personality. / A evolução tecnológica nos últimos dois séculos, aliada ao desenvolvimento dos meios de comunicação em massa e da publicidade e propaganda, despertaram a atenção do mundo jurídico para o estudo da imagem. Inicialmente, esse bem jurídico foi inserido na tutela de outros direitos, tais como o direito à honra, o direito à intimidade, o direito de autor e o direito ao próprio corpo. Vislumbrou-se, com o passar do tempo, que se tratava de bem jurídico autônomo, merecedor de proteção própria, sob pena de haver lacuna na tutela da personalidade. Tratada com desdém pelo legislador infraconstitucional brasileiro, a imagem foi elevada pelo Poder Constituinte Originário de 1988 a direito fundamental autônomo, integrante do rol das cláusulas pétreas e essencial à dignidade da pessoa humana. A Constituição Federal também concebeu uma nova acepção de imagem além da conformação física do indivíduo que consubstancia os atributos apresentado por uma pessoa à sociedade. Na contramão da Carta Maior, o Código Civil de 2002 reduziu o campo de proteção da imagem, o que nos impõe reconhecer a inconstitucionalidade do seu art. 20 e invocar o art. 5º, V e X, da Constituição Federal, normas de eficácia plena e aplicabilidade imediata, e o art. 12 do Código Civil, cláusula geral de tutela da personalidade, para proteger esse bem jurídico. Hodiernamente, observa-se em nossos Tribunais Superiores decisões que determinam a reparação de dano moral pela mera violação do direito à imagem, independentemente de lesão à honra ou a outros direitos, consagrando-se efetivamente a autonomia desse bem fundamental da personalidade

A dissertação analisa as relações entre a honra e a escravidão na América Portuguesa. Procura compreender como a propriedade, a exploração e a boa administração dos escravos deram origem a uma nova acepção de honra, gerada a partir de uma relação interpessoal fundada na concentração máxima de poderes nas mãos do senhor e na destituição de todos os privilégios, direitos e poderes dos escravos. Como sentimento intrínseco ou valorização externa, de sua origem em Portugal medieval até o Antigo Regime, a honra foi se adaptando e se moldando aos interesses, aos valores e às concepções político-sociais dos mais variados grupos. Esses múltiplos significados correntes em Portugal, em todos os seus componentes potencialmente instáveis e dinâmicos, atravessaram o Atlântico entre o final do século XVI e meados do XVIII e passaram a figurar nas obras dos diversos letrados coloniais que, em suas reflexões sobre as relações de gênero, classe e raça apontavam a honra como um princípio fundamental na organização da sociedade colonial. / The dissertation analyzes the relationships between honor and slavery in Portuguese America. It tries to understand how the ownership, the exploration and the good management of slaves originated a new meaning of honor, produced by an interpersonal relationship grounded in the maximum concentration of powers on the masters side and in the deprivation of all privileges, rights and powers on the slaves\' side. As an intrinsic feeling or public valuation, and from its medieval origins to the Old Regime Portugal the honor was adapted to and shaped by the interests, values and political-social conceptions of the most varied groups. Those multiples meanings currents in Portugal in all their potentially unstable and dynamic components crossed the Atlantic between the end of the XVIth century XVI and the first half of the XVIIIth century, being present in the works of the several colonial men of letters who in their reflections on gender, class, and race relations pointed the honor as a fundamental principle of colonial society.