Submitted by MARCOS HENRIQUE COLOMBO PEREIRA null (marcoshpereira@hotmail.com) on 2016-01-22T17:38:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese final com ficha.pdf: 458776 bytes, checksum: f3a256e391692425ab75175c2b86546a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-01-25T16:21:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_mhc_dr_botu.pdf: 458776 bytes, checksum: f3a256e391692425ab75175c2b86546a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T16:21:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_mhc_dr_botu.pdf: 458776 bytes, checksum: f3a256e391692425ab75175c2b86546a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-21 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Study 01- Our hypothesis was that fertility could be increased in a timed AI (TAI) protocol based on estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) by combining GnRH with E2-benzoate at the start of the protocol to increase circulating P4 concentration during preovulatory follicle development and by using two prostaglandin (PGF) treatments at the end to decrease circulating P4 concentration near TAI. Lactating Holstein cows (n = 1,808) were randomly assigned during the cool or hot seasons of the year to receive TAI (d0) following one of three treatments: I. Control: CIDR + 2 mg of E2-benzoate on d -11, PGF on d -4, CIDR withdrawal + 1.0 mg of E2-cypionate on d -2, and TAI on d 0; II. 2PGF: Identical to Control protocol with addition of a second PGF treatment on d -2; III. GnRH: Identical to 2PGF protocol with addition of 100 μg GnRH treatment on d -11. Pregnancy diagnoses were performed d32 and d60 after TAI. The GnRH protocol increased percentage of cows with CL (Control = 56.9%; 2PGF = 55.8%; GnRH = 70.5%) and circulating P4 concentration at PGF (Control = 3.28 ± 0.22; 2PGF = 3.35 ± 0.22; GnRH = 3.70 ± 0.21 ng/mL), compared to Control and 2PGF protocols. The positive effects of GnRH treatment on P/AI were only detected during the cool season (GnRH = 50.9%; 2PGF = 44.2%; Control = 41.0%) and not during the hot season. In addition, the effect of GnRH was only observed in cows with low circulating P4 concentration (<3ng/mL) at the start of the protocol and not in cows that began the protocol with high P4. Further, there was an interaction for presence of CL at PGF with follicle diameter such that cows with a CL at PGF had greater P/AI if they ovulated larger rather than smaller follicles near TAI.Season had major effects on many reproductive measures with cool season greater than hot season in percentage of cows with CL at PGF (62.9 vs. 56.2%), ovulatory follicle diameter (15.7 vs. 14.8 mm), expression of estrus (86.7 vs. 79.9%), ovulation following the protocol (89.7 vs. 84.3%), and pregnancies per AI (P/AI; 45.4 vs. 21.4%). Thus, fertility to TAI can be improved by inducing ovulation at the 27 beginning of an E2/P4-based protocol using GnRH treatment, particularly during the cool season of the year and in cows with low P4 at the start of the protocol. Study 02- We hypothesized that the 2 CIDR protocol would have similar results on circulating P4 concentration at PGF, ovulation to ECP, P/AI, and pregnancy losses. Lactating Holstein cows (n = 1,638) were randomly assigned to receive TAI (d0) following one of two treatments: (I. GnRH treatment) CIDR+ 2 mg of E2-benzoate + 100 μg GnRH on d -11, PGF on d -4, CIDR withdrawal + 1.0 mg of E2-cypionate + PGF on d -2, and TAI on d 0; (II. 2CIDR treatment) Two CIDR + 2mg of E2-benzoate on d -11, one CIDR withdraw + PGF on d -4, second CIDR withdrawal + 1.0 mg of E2-cypionate + PGF on d -2, and TAI on d 0. Pregnancy diagnoses were performed d32 and d60 after TAI. There was no effect of treatments (P > 0.10) on fertility regardless of cow temperature, BCS, parity, milk yield and presence or absence of a CL on d -11 or d -4. Some physiological measurements associated with greater fertility were reduced in cows with elevated temperature (≥ 39.1ºC) as percentage of cows with CL at PGF decreased 5.4%, ovulatory follicle diameter decreased 0.51 mm, expression of estrus decreased 4.7%, and ovulation to the ECP decreased 2.5% compared to cows with reduced temperature (< 39.0ºC), with result in 13.4% decrease (P < 0.01) in P/AI and tended to increase (P = 0.09) the pregnancy loss between 32 and 60d. There were more (P < 0.01 ) cows with a CL at PGF in the GnRH (< 39.0ºC = 78.1% [314/402]; ≥ 39.1ºC = 70.9% [256/361]) protocol than in 2CIDR protocol (< 39.0ºC = 58.8% [244/415]; ≥ 39.1ºC = 54.6% [190/348], however, circulating P4 concentration was greater (P = 0.05) at the time of PGF treatment (d -4) for cows treated 2CIDR (< 39.0ºC = 4.34 ± 0.13; ≥ 39.1ºC = 4.17 ± 0.14 ng/mL) than GnRH (< 39.0ºC = 4.12 ± 0.14; ≥ 39.1ºC = 3.84 ± 0.14 ng/mL), independent of cow temperature. The result of this study shows that the protocols have similar results on circulating P4 concentration at PGF, ovulation to ECP and P/AI. / FAPESP: 2012/19059-2

Orientador: Rita Cássia Menegati Dornelles / Co-orientador: Janete Aparecida Anselmo-Franci / Banca: Maristela de Oliveira Poletini / Banca: Jacqueline Nelisis Zanoni / Resumo: As alterações nos componentes reprodutivos do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-gônadas em muitas fêmeas de mamíferos determinam a transição gradual de ciclos reprodutivos regulares para ciclos irregulares, com perda de fertilidade. A interação dos neurônios do hormônio liberador de gonadotrofinas (GnRH) e esteróides gonadais representa função chave na neurobiologia do envelhecimento, pois a sobreposição temporal da senescência endócrina e neural está mecanicamente interligada pelas alças de retroalimentação. Estímulos do locus coeruleus (LC) para a área pré-óptica (APO) e eminência mediana são essenciais para a liberação das gonadotrofinas e seus neurônios apresentam receptores para estrógeno e progesterona, sugerindo controle dos esteróides ovarianos. Neste estudo foi avaliado a atividade de células neuronais localizadas em áreas e núcleos envolvidos com o controle de ação dos neurônios GnRH de ratas Wistar no período de transição para a aciclicidade. Para este trabalho foram utilizadas fêmeas Wistar cíclicas (4 meses) e acíclicas (18-20 meses) submetidas à decapitação ou perfusão às 10, 14 e 18 h na fase do diestro. Após serem retirados, os cérebros dos animais decapitados foram congelados e armazenados para posterior determinação do conteúdo de GnRH hipotalâmico e do conteúdo de noradrenalina e dopamina na APO. Os cérebros perfundidos foram cortados seriadamente em secções coronais de 30 μm para a APO e o LC e... / Abstract: Changes in reproductive components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in many female mammals determine the gradual transition from regular reproductive cycles to irregular cycles, with loss of fertility. The interaction of neurons of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadal steroids represents key role in the neurobiology of aging, because the temporal overlap of endocrine and neural senescence is mechanically interconnected by feedback loops. Stimulation of the locus coeruleus (LC) for the preoptic area (POA) and median eminence are essential for the release of gonadotropins and their neurons have receptors for estrogen and progesterone, suggesting control of ovarian steroids. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the activity of neuronal cells located in areas and nuclei involved in the control of action of GnRH neurons of female rats during the transition to acyclicity. For this study, we used cyclic female (4 months) and acyclic (18-20 months) rats underwent perfusion or decapitation at 10, 14 and 18 h of diestrus day. The brains from decapitated animals, after removed, were frozen and stored for subsequent determination of the hypothalamic GnRH content and the noradrenaline and dopamine content in the POA. The perfused brains were serially cut into coronal sections of 30 μm to POA and LC and subsequently submitted to immunohistochemical labeling for Fos (FRA) and FRA / TH, respectively. For quantitative analysis of the POA were considered plates containing AVPe being the counting of neurons FRA-ir performed from the insertion of the box with... / Mestre

Orientador: José Luiz Moraes Vasconcelos / Banca: Lindsay Unno Gimenes / Banca: Ocilon Gomes de Sá Filho / Banca: Ricardo Maria dos Santos / Banca: Ky Pohler / Abstract: Study 01- Our hypothesis was that fertility could be increased in a timed AI (TAI) protocol based on estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) by combining GnRH with E2-benzoate at the start of the protocol to increase circulating P4 concentration during preovulatory follicle development and by using two prostaglandin (PGF) treatments at the end to decrease circulating P4 concentration near TAI. Lactating Holstein cows (n = 1,808) were randomly assigned during the cool or hot seasons of the year to receive TAI (d0) following one of three treatments: I. Control: CIDR + 2 mg of E2-benzoate on d -11, PGF on d -4, CIDR withdrawal + 1.0 mg of E2-cypionate on d -2, and TAI on d 0; II. 2PGF: Identical to Control protocol with addition of a second PGF treatment on d -2; III. GnRH: Identical to 2PGF protocol with addition of 100 μg GnRH treatment on d -11. Pregnancy diagnoses were performed d32 and d60 after TAI. The GnRH protocol increased percentage of cows with CL (Control = 56.9%; 2PGF = 55.8%; GnRH = 70.5%) and circulating P4 concentration at PGF (Control = 3.28 ± 0.22; 2PGF = 3.35 ± 0.22; GnRH = 3.70 ± 0.21 ng/mL), compared to Control and 2PGF protocols. The positive effects of GnRH treatment on P/AI were only detected during the cool season (GnRH = 50.9%; 2PGF = 44.2%; Control = 41.0%) and not during the hot season. In addition, the effect of GnRH was only observed in cows with low circulating P4 concentration (<3ng/mL) at the start of the protocol and not in cows that began the protocol with high P4. Further, there was an interaction for presence of CL at PGF with follicle diameter such that cows with a CL at PGF had greater P/AI if they ovulated larger rather than smaller follicles near TAI.Season had major effects on many reproductive measures with cool season greater than hot season in percentage of cows with CL at PGF (62.9 vs. 56.2%), ovulatory follicle diameter (15.7 vs. 14.8 mm), expression of ... / Doutor

Orientador: Fausto Foresti / Coorientador: Sergio Ricardo Batlouni / Banca: Elisabeth Criscuolo Urbinati / Banca: Luiz Renato de França / Banca: Maria Inês Borella / Banca: Rafael Henrique Nobrega / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a possibilidade de induzir a sincronização da maturação ovariana em um plantel de matrizes de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) por meio de uso de implantes com análogo do hormônio liberador de gonadotrofinas do salmão (sGnRHa). Além disso, complementarmente ao estudo com as fêmeas, avaliamos as características seminais dos reprodutores ao longo do ciclo reprodutivo e a possibilidade de reespermiação. Para tal, implantes de sGnRHa foram utilizados em fêmeas, reprodutores foram espermiados ao longo da estação reprodutiva e a reespermiação foi realizada em machos espermiados no inicio e novamente no meio da estação. Variações temporais e entre grupos experimentais na expressão gênica do hormônio do crescimento (gh) e subunidade beta do hormônio luteinizante (lhb) e do folículo estimulante (fshb), bem como as concentrações plasmáticas de esteroides gonadais foram determinadas em machos e fêmeas e utilizadas como ferramentas auxiliares na interpretação dos resultados. Nas fêmeas, aos 35 dias após a introdução do implante (durante o período de desova) as expressões gênicas da lhb e do fshb estavam aumentadas nas tratadas e inibidas nas controles, respectivamente, sugerindo um efeito indutor do lhb pelo implante. Nos machos, o volume de sêmen liberado aumentou ao longo do período reprodutivo, no entanto, os índices relacionados com a qualidade dos espermatozoides, principalmente a qualidade do DNA, que decresceu do começo para o término da estação. A expressão do lhb e gh estavam aumentadas no grupo do final da estação em relação ao grupo reespermiado, sugerindo uma associação entre a expressão gênica e o estádio de maturação dos testículos. Além disso, elevações substanciais de 11-cetotestosterona durante a indução hormonal, no início da estação reprodutiva e nos animais reespermiados... / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of ovarian maturation synchronization in a breeding herd of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) by using slow-release implants with salmon gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (sGnRHa). Furthermore, in addition of female's study, we evaluated the seminal characteristics throughout of the breeding season and the possibility of restripping. In this regard, females were implanted with sGnRHa pellets, and males were spermiated during of the breeding season and restripping were performed in males spermiated at the beginning and spermiated again at the middle of the season. To help in understanding the results, temporal variations between experimental groups of growth hormone (gh), luteinizing hormone beta subunit (lhb) and follicle-stimulating hormone beta subunit (fshb) gene expressions, and gonadal steroids concentrations were determined in males and females. In females, 35 days after pellets implantation (during the spawning period) the gene expression of lhb and fshb were increased in the treated and inhibited in the controls group, respectively, suggesting an lhb inducing effect by implant. In males, released milt volume increased throughout the breeding season, however, the indices related to sperm quality, especially to the DNA quality, were lower in the end than beginning of the season. The expressions of lhb, and gh were increased for the end season group against the reespermiado group, suggesting an association between gene expression and the maturation stage of the testes. Furthermore, the substantial increases of 11-ketotestosterone after hormonal induction in the beginning and restriping group correlated with good semen quality. We conclude that the using of implants may increases the frequency of the apt females in the spawning season. The using of semen at the end of the breeding season should be avoided and restripping is an alternative ... / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-08-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:12:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000742177.pdf: 1654502 bytes, checksum: 866898964213e96038c110158bf8a746 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP) / As alterações nos componentes reprodutivos do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-gônadas em muitas fêmeas de mamíferos determinam a transição gradual de ciclos reprodutivos regulares para ciclos irregulares, com perda de fertilidade. A interação dos neurônios do hormônio liberador de gonadotrofinas (GnRH) e esteróides gonadais representa função chave na neurobiologia do envelhecimento, pois a sobreposição temporal da senescência endócrina e neural está mecanicamente interligada pelas alças de retroalimentação. Estímulos do locus coeruleus (LC) para a área pré-óptica (APO) e eminência mediana são essenciais para a liberação das gonadotrofinas e seus neurônios apresentam receptores para estrógeno e progesterona, sugerindo controle dos esteróides ovarianos. Neste estudo foi avaliado a atividade de células neuronais localizadas em áreas e núcleos envolvidos com o controle de ação dos neurônios GnRH de ratas Wistar no período de transição para a aciclicidade. Para este trabalho foram utilizadas fêmeas Wistar cíclicas (4 meses) e acíclicas (18-20 meses) submetidas à decapitação ou perfusão às 10, 14 e 18 h na fase do diestro. Após serem retirados, os cérebros dos animais decapitados foram congelados e armazenados para posterior determinação do conteúdo de GnRH hipotalâmico e do conteúdo de noradrenalina e dopamina na APO. Os cérebros perfundidos foram cortados seriadamente em secções coronais de 30 μm para a APO e o LC e... / Changes in reproductive components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in many female mammals determine the gradual transition from regular reproductive cycles to irregular cycles, with loss of fertility. The interaction of neurons of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadal steroids represents key role in the neurobiology of aging, because the temporal overlap of endocrine and neural senescence is mechanically interconnected by feedback loops. Stimulation of the locus coeruleus (LC) for the preoptic area (POA) and median eminence are essential for the release of gonadotropins and their neurons have receptors for estrogen and progesterone, suggesting control of ovarian steroids. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the activity of neuronal cells located in areas and nuclei involved in the control of action of GnRH neurons of female rats during the transition to acyclicity. For this study, we used cyclic female (4 months) and acyclic (18-20 months) rats underwent perfusion or decapitation at 10, 14 and 18 h of diestrus day. The brains from decapitated animals, after removed, were frozen and stored for subsequent determination of the hypothalamic GnRH content and the noradrenaline and dopamine content in the POA. The perfused brains were serially cut into coronal sections of 30 μm to POA and LC and subsequently submitted to immunohistochemical labeling for Fos (FRA) and FRA / TH, respectively. For quantitative analysis of the POA were considered plates containing AVPe being the counting of neurons FRA-ir performed from the insertion of the box with... / FAPESP: 12/14464-6

Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T13:40:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-07-11. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-09-27T13:45:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000750715.pdf: 3134926 bytes, checksum: a848d0617ddf351191caf55565a7f1b0 (MD5) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a possibilidade de induzir a sincronização da maturação ovariana em um plantel de matrizes de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) por meio de uso de implantes com análogo do hormônio liberador de gonadotrofinas do salmão (sGnRHa). Além disso, complementarmente ao estudo com as fêmeas, avaliamos as características seminais dos reprodutores ao longo do ciclo reprodutivo e a possibilidade de reespermiação. Para tal, implantes de sGnRHa foram utilizados em fêmeas, reprodutores foram espermiados ao longo da estação reprodutiva e a reespermiação foi realizada em machos espermiados no inicio e novamente no meio da estação. Variações temporais e entre grupos experimentais na expressão gênica do hormônio do crescimento (gh) e subunidade beta do hormônio luteinizante (lhb) e do folículo estimulante (fshb), bem como as concentrações plasmáticas de esteroides gonadais foram determinadas em machos e fêmeas e utilizadas como ferramentas auxiliares na interpretação dos resultados. Nas fêmeas, aos 35 dias após a introdução do implante (durante o período de desova) as expressões gênicas da lhb e do fshb estavam aumentadas nas tratadas e inibidas nas controles, respectivamente, sugerindo um efeito indutor do lhb pelo implante. Nos machos, o volume de sêmen liberado aumentou ao longo do período reprodutivo, no entanto, os índices relacionados com a qualidade dos espermatozoides, principalmente a qualidade do DNA, que decresceu do começo para o término da estação. A expressão do lhb e gh estavam aumentadas no grupo do final da estação em relação ao grupo reespermiado, sugerindo uma associação entre a expressão gênica e o estádio de maturação dos testículos. Além disso, elevações substanciais de 11-cetotestosterona durante a indução hormonal, no início da estação reprodutiva e nos animais reespermiados... / The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of ovarian maturation synchronization in a breeding herd of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) by using slow-release implants with salmon gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (sGnRHa). Furthermore, in addition of female's study, we evaluated the seminal characteristics throughout of the breeding season and the possibility of restripping. In this regard, females were implanted with sGnRHa pellets, and males were spermiated during of the breeding season and restripping were performed in males spermiated at the beginning and spermiated again at the middle of the season. To help in understanding the results, temporal variations between experimental groups of growth hormone (gh), luteinizing hormone beta subunit (lhb) and follicle-stimulating hormone beta subunit (fshb) gene expressions, and gonadal steroids concentrations were determined in males and females. In females, 35 days after pellets implantation (during the spawning period) the gene expression of lhb and fshb were increased in the treated and inhibited in the controls group, respectively, suggesting an lhb inducing effect by implant. In males, released milt volume increased throughout the breeding season, however, the indices related to sperm quality, especially to the DNA quality, were lower in the end than beginning of the season. The expressions of lhb, and gh were increased for the end season group against the reespermiado group, suggesting an association between gene expression and the maturation stage of the testes. Furthermore, the substantial increases of 11-ketotestosterone after hormonal induction in the beginning and restriping group correlated with good semen quality. We conclude that the using of implants may increases the frequency of the apt females in the spawning season. The using of semen at the end of the breeding season should be avoided and restripping is an alternative ...

Orientador: Eunice Oba / Resumo: O presente estudo teve por objetivo a utilização do hormônio agonista de GnRH, Deslorelina, para controle da população folicular, com intuito de homogeneizar a onda folicular ao início do tratamento de múltiplas ovulações e transferência de embriões (MOET), reduzindo os efeitos deletérios do folículo dominante no tratamento superovulatório com hormônio folículo estimulante, foltropina de pituitária suína. Foram utilizadas 24 ovelhas deslanadas mestiças da raça santa inês, com idades entre 2 e 4 anos, divididas em dois grupos, Controle (Contr), e Deslorelina (Des). Os experimentos foram conduzidos na propriedade rural denominada ‘’Sítio Panorama’’, no município de Porangaba-SP, situado na latitude -23.15050993 e longitude -48.09904348, estando a uma altitude de 583m. As ovelhas foram monitoradas ultrassonograficamente por um período de sete dias quanto ao dinâmica de crescimento folicular e presença de corpo lúteo. Após determinação da ciclicidade ovariana todas as ovelhas receberam dispositivo intravaginal com 60mg de medroxiprogesterona no dia 0, que foi substituído por um novo dispositivo no dia 7 e que foi mantido até o dia 14, as fêmeas receberam única dose de 125 µg de clopostenol no dia 7. O tratamento superovulatório foi realizado com aplicação de Hormônio Folículo Estimulante Suíno- pFSH, na dose total de 200mg (10 mL), divididas em oito aplicações decrescentes com intervalo de 12h iniciando no decimo segundo dia (40 e 40; 30 e 30; 20 e 20; 10 e 10 mg, respectivamente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present study main objective was to use the GnRH agonist hormone deslorelin to control ovarian follicular population, achieving this way a more homogenous follicular wave at the beginning of multiple ovulations and embryo transfer (MOET) program, reducing deleterious effects from dominant follicles over the superovulatory protocol with porcine Follicle Stimulating Hormone (pFSH). Twenty four Santa Inês breed sheep were used, aging from 2 to 4 years, and divided into two groups: control (Contr), and Deslorelin (DES). The experiment was conducted in a private property, located in Brazil, São Paulo, City of Porangaba, latitude -23.15050993 and longitude -48.09904348. All sheep were monitored ultrassonographicaly for seven days, until the presence of a corpus luteum was detected. All sheep received intravaginal sponges containing 60mg of medroxiprogesteron on day 0, and new sponges on day 7 maintained until day 14, among side a single cloprostenol 125 µg dose. Superovulatory treatment was achieved using porcine Follicular Stimulating Hormone -FSH, with the total dose of 200mg (10ml), spread in eight decreasing administrations with 12 hours’ interval between them, starting on the twelve day. On day 14, 300 UI of equine chorionic gonadotrophin – eCG was administrated. On the treated group, in addition to the treatment described above, 3 doses of 100µg of GnRH agonist Deslorelin were administrated with 72 hours’ intervals, starting at day 4 after sponge insertion (day 3, day 6 a... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Elisa Helena Giglio Ponsano / Banca: Marcelo Vasconcelos Meireles / Banca:Silvia Helena Venturoli Perri / Banca:Rafael Silva Cipriano / Banca: Douglas Emyguidio de Faria / Resumo: O milho é o ingrediente energético comumente utilizado na formulação de ração de aves que apresenta um papel pigmentante adicional para as gemas dos ovos por conter xantofilas, diferentemente do trigo e do sorgo, que apresentam pouco ou nenhum potencial para isso. Neste estudo foram consideradas as quantidades de xantofilas oriundas dos ingredientes energéticos no cálculo de xantofilas totais da ração. O objetivo do experimento foi identificar as quantidades de xantofilas amarelas e vermelhas a serem adicionadas às rações à base de milho, sorgo e trigo para proporcionar as cores de gemas preferidas pela população local. Além disso, pretendeu-se determinar o custo das rações que forneceram as cores de gemas mais aceitas. Foram realizados três experimentos individuais com 72 aves (Dekalb) cada. Os experimentos foram combinados, resultando em rações contendo oito níveis de xantofilas amarelas (0; 0,25; 0,5; 1,0; 1,25; 1,5; 1,75 e 2,0 mg/ave/dia) e três níveis de xantofilas vermelhas (0; 0,35 e 0,7 mg/ave/dia). Para os dados de desempenho, as aves foram pesadas no início e ao final do experimento e o peso dos ovos foi registrado diariamente. A análise de custo foi realizada com a utilização do Programa Prático para Formulação de Ração. A cor das gemas foi determinada pelos métodos objetivo (L, a, b) e subjetivo (Leque Colorimétrico da Roche - LCR). A aceitação da cor foi avaliada por uma escala hedônica de cinco pontos. Os pesos das aves (P = 1,00) e dos ovos (P = 0,07) não foram... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract:The protozoa of the Trypanosomatidae family Leishmania genus, are responsible for causing leishmaniosis, zoonosis of global distribution that affects countries in tropical and subtropical regions, representing an important public health problem. The Leishmania species pathogenic to humans are classified into two subgenera, Leishmania and Viannia, which are responsible for three of the most common clinical manifestations of this disease. The subgenus Leishmania has representatives in the Old and New World, while the Viannia species are present only in the tropical regions of the Americas. These are responsible for the tegumentary manifestation of the cutaneous and mucocutaneous forms. The advance in the technologies of sequencing and the assembly of the genomes of Leishmania species have allowe to better understand the leishmaniosis, the parasite-host relationship and even the differential identification of the species thus, helping to understand the differences in the clinical manifestations. In order to expand the genomic information of the Leishmania species and the subgenus Viannia, we worked with genomic DNA sequencing and bioinformatics tools for assembling the genome and annotating proteins of two species, Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis and Leishmania (Viannia) shawi / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-05T18:29:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-05-29. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-02-05T18:33:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000854973_20161205.pdf: 410109 bytes, checksum: 5ceaa1852fc805e9d99744c37a96f7bb (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2016-12-06T15:11:22Z: 000854973_20161205.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-12-06T15:12:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000854973.pdf: 2773395 bytes, checksum: daf1de70009034e8b87b75a4cc4b7610 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O hormônio liberador de gonadotropina (GnRH) é um dos fatores chaves na regulação neuroendócrina da reprodução dos vertebrados. Alguns peixes apresentam três variantes do GnRH: o GnRH1 envolvido na secreção de gonadotropinas, o GnRH2 que regula o comportamento alimentar e sexual e o GnRH3 expresso no bulbo olfatório e o nervo terminal cujas fibras nervosas inervam a retina e o epitélio olfatório. O zebrafish possui duas variantes do GnRH (GnRH2 e GnRH3), sendo o GnRH3 a variante hipofisiotrófica. Estudos mostram possível envolvimento do GnRH no sistema olfato-retinal. No sistema olfatório o GnRH regula a sensibilidade na detecção de alimento, o reconhecimento intra e interespecífico, entre outros. Na retina, o GnRH3 pode estar envolvido na acuidade visual e do processamento de informação da retina. Existem estudos que reportam a presença de receptores de GnRH em diferentes camadas da retina, no entanto ainda não é clara a presença de receptores no epitélio olfatório. Neste contexto, no presente estudo analisamos a localização do gnrh2, gnrh3 e seus receptores (gnrhr1,2,3 e 4) e do gnih (hormônio inibidor de gonadotropinas) no epitélio olfatório, a retina e o bulbo olfatório de machos e fêmeas adultos e comparamos a expressão destes genes em fêmeas em diferentes estágios de maturação gonadal. Para tanto, o RNA total do epitélio olfatório, retina, bulbo olfatório, cérebro e gônadas foi extraído. Com base na sequência dos genes gnrh2, gnrh3, gnrhr1, gnrhr2, gnrhr3 e gnrhr4, primers forward e reverse foram desenhados para RT-PCR e qPCR. Sondas para a hibridização in situ também foram construídas para verificar os sítios de expressão destas moléculas no epitélio olfatório, retina e gônadas. Imunohistoquímica com os anticorpos anti-GnRH3 (BB8 e GF6) foram realizadas para localizar a proteína do GnRH3 nos tecidos analisados. O presente estudo apresenta um panorama da expressão do sistema... / The gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is one of the key factors involved in the neuroendocrine regulation of vertebrate reproduction. Some fish species have three GnRH variants: GnRH1 involved in gonadotropin secretion, GnRH2 regulating food and sexual behaviors and the GnRH3 which is expressed in the olfactory bulb and terminal nerve whose fibers innervate the retina and the olfactory epithelium. Two GnRH variants (GnRH2 and GnRH3) are present in the zebrafish, in which GnRH3 acts as the hypophisiotrophic variant. Recent studies have been showing the role of GnRH in the olfactory-retinal system. In the olfactory system, GnRH regulates food detection, and intra and interspecific recognition. In retina, GnRH3 may be involved in visual acuity modulation and retinal processing information. Moreover, studies have reported the presence of GnRH receptors in the retina, but not yet in the zebrafish olfactory epithelium. Therefore, the current study analyzed the presence of GnRH2, GnRH3 and its receptors (GnRH-R1,2,3 and 4) and GnIH (gonadotropin inhibitory hormone) in the olfactory epithelium, olfactory bulb, retina and in gonads of adult zebrafish. We also compared the expression of these genes during the different stages of ovarian maturation in zebrafish. For that, total RNA of the olfactory epithelium, olfactory bulb, retina and gonads was extracted with the PureLink® RNA Mini Kit(Ambion®). RT-PCR and qPCR analysis were performed using forward and reverse primers for gnrh2, gnrh3, gnrhr1, gnrhr2, gnrhr3, gnrhr4 for . Probes for in situ hybridization were constructed to verify the expression sites of these molecules in the olfactory epithelium, retina, and gonads. Immunohistochemistry usinganti-GnRH3 antibodies (BB8 and GF6) were performed to identify the GnRH3 protein in these tissues. The current study presents a general expression view of GnRH/GnIH and their receptors in the olfactory epithelium-olfactory bulb-retinal axis during ... / FAPESP: 2014/02481-9

Orientador: Maria Emilia Franco Oliveira / Coorientador: Marcus Antônio Rossi Feliciano / Coorientador: Wilter Ricardo Russiano Vicente / Banca: Erika da Silva Carvalho Morani / Banca: Joaquim Mansano Garcia / Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da dose de FSH exógeno no tratamento gonadotrófico sobre a resposta superovulatória e produção in vivo de embriões em ovelhas. Vinte e quatro ovelhas Santa Inês foram submetidas à sincronização do estro com dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona (CIDR®) inserido no D0 e permaneceu até D8. Ao início do protocolo (D0) e na retirada do dispositivo intravaginal foram administrados 0,125 mg de análogo sintético da PGF2α (Sincrocio®). O tratamento gonadotrófico teve início 48 horas antes da retirada da progesterona (D6), quando as fêmeas foram aleatoriamente divididas em três grupos experimentais de acordo com a dose total de FSH suíno exógeno: G200 (n=8) - 200 mg; G133 (n=8) - 133 mg; e G100 (n=8) - 100 mg. As doses totais foram administradas em 8 aplicações à intervalos de 12 horas. No D6, as fêmeas receberam 300 UI de eCG. Foram realizadas ultrassonografias modo B e Doppler em cores, com o propósito de acompanhar o crescimento folicular da onda ovulatória, área de vascularização da parede folicular e o momento das ovulações. Seis dias após o início do estro, os embriões foram colhidos e avaliados morfologicamente e quanto ao percentual de células apoptóticas. Realizou-se teste de Kruskal Wallis e pós-teste de Dunns, sendo que as taxas foram comparadas pelo teste do Chi-quadrado. A variável área da vascularização folicular foi comparada entre os tratamentos e momentos pela ANOVA com medidas repetidas no tempo e pós-teste de Tuk... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exogenous FSH dose in gonadotropin treatment on superovulatory response and in vivo production of embryos in sheep. Twenty four Santa Inês ewes were submitted to synchronization of estrus with intravaginal progesterone device (CIDR®) inserted into D0 and remained until D8. At the start of the protocol (D0) and in the removal of the intravaginal device was administered 0.125 mg of PGF2a synthetic analog (Sincrocio®). The gonadotrophin treatment was initiated 48 hours prior to removal of progesterone (D6) when the females were randomly divided into three groups according to the total dose of exogenous porcine FSH: G200 (n = 8) - 200 mg; G133 (n = 8) - 133 mg; and G100 (n = 8) - 100 mg. The total doses been administered in 8 applications at intervals of 12 hours. On D6, the females received 300 IU eCG. Were performed B mode ultrasonography and color Doppler, in order to verify follicular growth of ovulatory wave, area of vascularization of the follicular wall and the moment of ovulation. Six days after the the onset of estrus, the embryos were collected and assessed morphologically and regarding the percentage of apoptotic cells. Was performed Kruskal Wallis test and Dunns post-test, and the rates were compared using Chi-square test. The variable area of the follicular vascularization was compared between treatments and moments by ANOVA with repeated measures in time and Tukey post-test, with correlation analysis (Pearson) for ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre