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Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University / A quantitative study of the dentition of the Thomas Farm fossil horses indicates that Anchitherium clarencei Simpson, Miohippus sp. (?), Parahippus blackbergi Hay and P. leonensis Sellards occurred at this locality during the Early Miocene. The amount of cement on the teeth as a diagnostic character of Thomas Farm fossil horses is held to be invalid and in this case its importance as an indication of evolutionary grade is questioned.

O esporte hípico cresceu significativamente nos últimos anos no Brasil, embora pesquisas sobre o funcionamento e relevância deste setor sejam ainda escassas. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar estudo exploratório do mercado e da produção de cavalos da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) no Estado de São Paulo, com o intuito de levantar informações sobre a produção e o mercado dos animais registrados; determinar o custo médio de produção e manutenção dos cavalos da raça; determinar o destino dos cavalos e propor uma tipologia dos usuários do cavalo BH. Para a obtenção dos dados foram aplicados formulários e questionários específicos aos ofertantes e aos demandantes do Cavalo Brasileiro de Hipismo. A pesquisa contemplou seis criadores da raça e 25 demandantes. Verificou-se que, até 2013, havia 8.631 animais registrados, com uma queda significativa a partir de 2011. Os preços dos animais vendidos em leilões realizados pela associação da raça registraram valores que oscilaram entre R$ 18.000 e R$ 40.000 e os preços dos animais vendidos pelos criadores variou entre R$ 18.000 e R$ 80.000, dependendo da faixa etária dos animais e de outras características. A maioria dos criadores declarou que variações nos custos de produção dos animais não alteram a quantidade produzida e que os proprietários possuem outra fonte de renda. Nas propriedades entrevistadas, as biotecnologias de inseminação artificial e transferência de embriões são frequentemente utilizadas na busca do melhoramento genético dos animais. O tamanho do plantel dos criadores entrevistados variou entre 12 e 180 animais. Com base nos dados obtidos, chegou-se ao custo médio mensal de manutenção de um animal, por parte dos criadores, de R$ 475,81. O custo médio mensal de manutenção e treinamento de um animal dispendido pelos demandantes do Cavalo BH foi de R$ 2.587,80. A maioria dos animais é alojada em hípicas e é destinada para o uso pessoal, principalmente em competições, em sua maioria nas modalidades do CCE (Concurso Completo de Equitação) e do salto. Dos entrevistados, a maior parte possuía faixa de renda familiar acima de R$ 11.820, apresentou idade entre 9 e 65 anos; eram amadores e consideravam o cavalo que possuíam como \"membro da família\". Estudante foi a profissão mais frequente entre os entrevistados. Como motivação para a compra dos animais, o determinante principal foi a qualidade dos mesmos e não o seu preço. O estudo atendeu aos objetivos propostos e concluiu que o mercado do Cavalo Brasileiro de Hipismo se aproxima da concorrência monopolística, na qual a qualidade de cada animal produzido, conseguida por meio da utilização das tecnologias existentes e também com o emprego de mão de obra especializada no treinamento, faz com que cada produtor tenha certo poder de monopólio, no sentido de interferir nos preços de seus produtos. / The equestrian sport has grown significantly in recent years in Brazil, although research on the functioning and importance of this sector are scarce. This research aimed to carry out exploratory study of the market and the production of horses Brazilian Equestrian race (BH) in São Paulo, in order to gather information on the production and marketing of registered animals; determine the average cost of production and maintenance of BH horses; determine the destination of horses and propose a typology of BH horse users. To obtain the data were applied forms and specific questionnaires to offerors and users of the Brazilian Equestrian Horse. The survey considered six creators of the race and 25 consumers. It was found that by 2013 there were 8.631 registered animals, with a significant drop from 2011. The BH\'s prices sold at auctions held by the race\'s association recorded values that ranged from R$ 18.000 to R$ 40.000 and the price of animals sold by breeders ranged between R$ 18.000 and R$ 80.000, depending on the age of the animals and other factors. Most breeders said that variations in animal production costs do not change the quantity produced and that the owners have another source of income. In interviewed properties, the biotechnologies of artificial insemination and embryo transfer are often used in the search for genetic enhancement. The squad size creators of respondents varied between 12 and 180 animals. Based on the obtained data, the study came to the average monthly cost of maintenance of an animal. The average creator\'s cost was R$ 475,81. The average monthly cost of maintenance and training of one animal spent by the Horse BH\'s consumers was R$ 2.587.80. Most animals are housed in an equestrian centre and is intended for personal use, especially in competitions, mostly in the modalities of eventing and jumping. Of those interviewed, most had family income above R$ 11,820, presented age between 9 and 65, were amateurs and considered the horse as a \"family member\". Student was the most common occupation among respondents. As motivation for the purchase of animals, the main determinant was the quality of the animal and not its price. The study met the proposed objectives and concluded that the market of the Brazilian Equestrian Horse seems to be structured as monopolistic competition, in which the quality of each animal produced, achieved using existing technologies and with the use of skilled labour, makes each producer has some monopoly power, to interfere in the prices of their products.

The papers put forward by the candidate represent a significant contribution to three main areas within the body of knowledge of equine reproduction. Namely, i) epidemiological surveys of the efficiency of Thoroughbred racing and breeding, ii) the morphology and functions of the equine placenta and, iii) embryo transfer in the horse. Two extensive surveys on reproductive efficiency of Thoroughbred mares and stallions at stud and factors associated with the failure of Thoroughbred horses to train and race demonstrated that increasing mare age is the greatest limiting factor to an otherwise high rate of fertility in English Thoroughbreds although a high incidence of early embryonic death remains a significant loss to the breeding industry. The racing wastage survey showed little change over the past 20 years in the percentage of 2- and 3-year-old horses that fail to run, the percentage that are never placed in a race and the number that suffer significant injury or illness during their racing careers. Radical and innovative changes to training methods are needed to overcome these problems. The morphology of the equine placenta was examined using gross measurements, stereological-techniques, vascular casting and immunohistochemistry and the findings related to fetal development and postnatal growth. Stereological measurements applied to term placentae established reference parameters such as surface area per unit volume of placental microcotyledons, the total microscopic area of contact between mother and fetus at the placental interface, and placental VI efficiency. Maternal age, parity, size, genotype and nutrition were all shown to alter placental morphology and, hence, pre- and postnatal fetal development. A novel pair of cervical forceps were designed and marketed to provide a simple and practical method for undertaking transcervical embryo transfer in the horse which enables inexperienced operators to transfer horse embryos successfully. These Wilsher Equine Embryo Transfer Forceps have won widespread acclaim and commercial application in the equine veterinary and scientific communities. A pharmacological method to extend donor-recipient synchrony was developed with both commercial and scientific application. Further work also showed the unique ability of the equine embryo to tolerate a very wide window of donor-recipient asynchrony and it provided a valuable research tool with which to study the relevant roles of the conceptus and uterine environment in regulating embryonic differentiation and fetal growth in the mare.

Tyrimo rezultatai: pirmojoje darbo dalyje pateikta užsienio ir lietuvių autorių mokslinės literatūros analizė. Išnagrinėtos galimos verslo plėtros kryptys, rekreacinių paslaugų samprata, rekreacinės žirgininkystės plėtros kryptys ir perspektyvos; antrojoje magistrantūros darbo dalyje apibūdinama rekreacinės žirgininkystės būklė Lietuvoje. Pateikta tyrimo rezultatų metodika, būklės pristatymas ir tyrimo rezultatų apibūdinimas; trečiojoje darbo dalyje pateikta tyrimo rezultatų analizė, bei pateikti pasiūlymai rekreacinės žirgininkystės plėtrai Lietuvoje. Išvada: Pateiktas rekreacinės žirgininkystės plėtros krypčių modelis, kurio komponentai: sportinė rekreacija, gydomoji rekreacija, pramoginė rekreacija, profesionali rekreacija. Modelis buvo patikrintas rekreacinės žirgininkystės paslaugas teikiančiuose žirgynuose – Marvelės ir Lietuvos, buvo atlikta žirgynų lankytojų apklausa. Pagal atlikto tyrimo rezultatus, parengtas praktinis rekreacinės žirgininkystės plėtros krypčių modelis, kuris buvo papildytas dvejomis plėtros kryptimis: edukacine rekreacija ir laisvalaikio rekreacija. / Research results: The first part examines the possible future development of the business, the concept of recreational services, trends and prospects of recreational horse breeding development; The second part presents the survey methodology, status and description of the investigation results; The third part presents the research findings and proposals for recreational horse riding in Lithuania. Conclusion: The above directions of the development of recreational horse breeding include the following components: sports recreation, therapeutic recreation, entertainment, recreation, professional recreation. The model was tested in recreational horse breeding services provided in Marvelė, Kaunas and Lithuania; survey of stud visitors was conducted. According to the test results, for practitioners of recreational horse breeding directions of the model development are development of educational recreation and leisure recreation.

The presented diploma thesis deals with historical development of the organized horse breeding in the Czech lands, with a special focus on the provincial breeding of distinct farm type. The main research was carried out in the sphere of activities of the present Provincial Stud Farm in Písek (?Zemský hřebčinec Písek?). The reason for choosing this breeding institute is the fact that it concerns the only provincial stud farm in the Czech lands that was offering to breeders both warm-blooded and heavy stud horses in the monitored period while their numbers were adjusted in accordance with the demand of mare owners. The diploma thesis can be divided in two parts. The first part provides readers with the introduction to the issue of individual types of horses and puts the work in a broader historical context. This block includes also an iconographic analyse of the paintings with hippologic themes and the texts comparing breeding of horses in the aristocratic and courtly environment in the first half of the 17th century, using an example of the Imperial Courtly Stud Farm in Kladruby nad Labem (?Císařský dvorní hřebčín Kladruby nad Labem?) and Smrkovice?s Game Preserve of Albrecht from Valdštejn (?smrkovická Obora Albrechta z Valdštejna?) in the region of Nový Bydžov. The second part describes the key research of horse breeding in the Czech lands, for the most part built on the mating protocols of the station of farm stud horses in Humpolec, and includes the strategies of breeders in this region compared with the other regions under administration of the Provincial Stud Farm in Písek. It deals mainly with breeding of trendy heavy horses of Belgian and Noric breed demanded by farmers, while these horses were experiencing their last big growth in the first half of the 20th century.

The aim of this work was to compile a summary of the information provided to the public breeders by the five warm-blood horse breeding organizations in the Czech Republic. Mentioned horses are used for sporting purposes. A similar report was done on the extent and quality of information provided to the public breeders in neighboring European countries. We had prepared a proposal for a system that would provide the necessary information for effective breeding work . In the Czech Republic there is a system for collecting information about the population of horses. However, it is necessary to evaluate and publish information in an understandable form to breeders. As a basis for the preparation of tabular overview of the number of warm-blood horses bred in the Czech Republic, were collected the data from the Central horse register website and data from yearbooks and websites of individual breeders associations. Data were collected for the period of 2006 - 2013. In this thesis the processed data covers these breeds: Czech warmblood, Slovak warmblood, Moravian warmblood , Kinsky horse and Czech Traken. We have suggested the system, configuration and method for disclosure of the breeding information for warm-blood horse breeders and there is also recommended the annual frequency. As a model stallion was chosen Dutch warmblood Great Pleasure and we have created an information portfolio of this stallion. The system of the published information includes identification of the horse, pedigree, exterior evaluation, the results of his performance, comparing features and characteristics of the offspring population and the average breeding value estimation for exterior and performance. An important point is to make the overview of births and evaluated offspring. The proposed system should allow the improvement of the current breeding process and provide objective information to breeders for the right breeding decisions.

O esporte hípico cresceu significativamente nos últimos anos no Brasil, embora pesquisas sobre o funcionamento e relevância deste setor sejam ainda escassas. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar estudo exploratório do mercado e da produção de cavalos da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) no Estado de São Paulo, com o intuito de levantar informações sobre a produção e o mercado dos animais registrados; determinar o custo médio de produção e manutenção dos cavalos da raça; determinar o destino dos cavalos e propor uma tipologia dos usuários do cavalo BH. Para a obtenção dos dados foram aplicados formulários e questionários específicos aos ofertantes e aos demandantes do Cavalo Brasileiro de Hipismo. A pesquisa contemplou seis criadores da raça e 25 demandantes. Verificou-se que, até 2013, havia 8.631 animais registrados, com uma queda significativa a partir de 2011. Os preços dos animais vendidos em leilões realizados pela associação da raça registraram valores que oscilaram entre R$ 18.000 e R$ 40.000 e os preços dos animais vendidos pelos criadores variou entre R$ 18.000 e R$ 80.000, dependendo da faixa etária dos animais e de outras características. A maioria dos criadores declarou que variações nos custos de produção dos animais não alteram a quantidade produzida e que os proprietários possuem outra fonte de renda. Nas propriedades entrevistadas, as biotecnologias de inseminação artificial e transferência de embriões são frequentemente utilizadas na busca do melhoramento genético dos animais. O tamanho do plantel dos criadores entrevistados variou entre 12 e 180 animais. Com base nos dados obtidos, chegou-se ao custo médio mensal de manutenção de um animal, por parte dos criadores, de R$ 475,81. O custo médio mensal de manutenção e treinamento de um animal dispendido pelos demandantes do Cavalo BH foi de R$ 2.587,80. A maioria dos animais é alojada em hípicas e é destinada para o uso pessoal, principalmente em competições, em sua maioria nas modalidades do CCE (Concurso Completo de Equitação) e do salto. Dos entrevistados, a maior parte possuía faixa de renda familiar acima de R$ 11.820, apresentou idade entre 9 e 65 anos; eram amadores e consideravam o cavalo que possuíam como \"membro da família\". Estudante foi a profissão mais frequente entre os entrevistados. Como motivação para a compra dos animais, o determinante principal foi a qualidade dos mesmos e não o seu preço. O estudo atendeu aos objetivos propostos e concluiu que o mercado do Cavalo Brasileiro de Hipismo se aproxima da concorrência monopolística, na qual a qualidade de cada animal produzido, conseguida por meio da utilização das tecnologias existentes e também com o emprego de mão de obra especializada no treinamento, faz com que cada produtor tenha certo poder de monopólio, no sentido de interferir nos preços de seus produtos. / The equestrian sport has grown significantly in recent years in Brazil, although research on the functioning and importance of this sector are scarce. This research aimed to carry out exploratory study of the market and the production of horses Brazilian Equestrian race (BH) in São Paulo, in order to gather information on the production and marketing of registered animals; determine the average cost of production and maintenance of BH horses; determine the destination of horses and propose a typology of BH horse users. To obtain the data were applied forms and specific questionnaires to offerors and users of the Brazilian Equestrian Horse. The survey considered six creators of the race and 25 consumers. It was found that by 2013 there were 8.631 registered animals, with a significant drop from 2011. The BH\'s prices sold at auctions held by the race\'s association recorded values that ranged from R$ 18.000 to R$ 40.000 and the price of animals sold by breeders ranged between R$ 18.000 and R$ 80.000, depending on the age of the animals and other factors. Most breeders said that variations in animal production costs do not change the quantity produced and that the owners have another source of income. In interviewed properties, the biotechnologies of artificial insemination and embryo transfer are often used in the search for genetic enhancement. The squad size creators of respondents varied between 12 and 180 animals. Based on the obtained data, the study came to the average monthly cost of maintenance of an animal. The average creator\'s cost was R$ 475,81. The average monthly cost of maintenance and training of one animal spent by the Horse BH\'s consumers was R$ 2.587.80. Most animals are housed in an equestrian centre and is intended for personal use, especially in competitions, mostly in the modalities of eventing and jumping. Of those interviewed, most had family income above R$ 11,820, presented age between 9 and 65, were amateurs and considered the horse as a \"family member\". Student was the most common occupation among respondents. As motivation for the purchase of animals, the main determinant was the quality of the animal and not its price. The study met the proposed objectives and concluded that the market of the Brazilian Equestrian Horse seems to be structured as monopolistic competition, in which the quality of each animal produced, achieved using existing technologies and with the use of skilled labour, makes each producer has some monopoly power, to interfere in the prices of their products.

Umfangreiche Daten der mitteldeutschen Pferdezuchtverbände ermöglichten die Entwicklung einer Zuchtwertschätzung (ZWS) für Stuten der Rasse Deutsches Sportpferd. Aus Verbandsdaten der Jahre 1990 - 2006 von Fohlenbeurteilungen, Stutbuchaufnahmen und Zuchtstutenprüfungen wurden genetische Parameter geschätzt. Künftig können Zuchtwerte für Stuten und Hengste, die sich auf die Teilzuchtwerte Exterieur, Dressur und Springen beziehen, gemeinsam von den mitteldeutschen Pferdezuchtverbänden geschätzt und für die züchterische Praxis genutzt werden. Die ZWS wird von den Verbänden seit 2008 jährlich routinemäßig durchgeführt.

Bakgrund: Dagens företagsklimat blir allt mer snabbrörliga vilket har lett fram till nya marknadsförhållanden i många branscher. Företag uppmanas att anpassa sig och finna nya sätt att konkurrera genom att anpassa sina resurser, vilket beskrivs som dynamiska färdigheter. Nyckelord är timing, hastighet och flexibilitet, vilket inte alltid är så lätt att eftersträva då det finns många krafter inom en organisation som begränsar dess flexibilitet. Syfte: Med följande bakgrund och problematik är syftet med studien att analysera hur organisationer kan gå till väga för att utveckla dynamiska färdigheter och samtidigt minimera den inneboende trögheten i en organisation. Metod och avgränsning: För att besvara följande resonemang har en fallstudie gjorts på ett svenskt företag inom hästavelsnäringen. Val av företag blev Flyinge AB där fem olika intervjuer genomfördes. Ytterligare ett företag, Hästak AB, kontaktades för att få en mer nyanseras bild av avelsbranschen i sin helhet. Resultat: En förändringsprocess är otroligt komplex då det finns många olika faktorer som påverkar dess utfall. Dynamiska färdigheter kan ses som en förändringsprocess och förändringen kan antingen vara stegvis eller kontinuerlig. Den Ideala förändringen att eftersträva är den kontinuerliga, eftersom den ses som naturlig och motverkas inte på samma sätt av de anställda som en stegvis förändring. På så vis är det enklare att vara flexibel och snabbfotad som är centrala egenskaper i dynamiska företag. Det inre motstånd som finns till förändring kan bland annat ses i organisationsstruktur och kultur. Ledaren har en viktig roll att fylla för att motverka denna tröghet. För att göra detta ska ledaren analysera vad som är problemen idag, kommunicera förändringen, samla acceptans för den samt se till att den genomförs. Balanserade styrkort kan i denna process fungera som ett kommunikationshjälpmedel. / Background: In recent years many business environments have been characterized by a fast and advanced technical development, change in demands and increased competition. The market conditions are constantly changing and because of that organizations have to find new ways to compete. This can be realized through adjustments and restructurings of the firm’s resources portfolio and it is also called dynamic capabilities. Key Words in this process are timing, speed and flexibility. Nevertheless, these elements can be hard to attain since many organizations have an internal inertia that will restrict their agility. Aim: The purpose of the study is to analyze how an organization can develop dynamic capabilities and in the same time reduce its internal inertia. Method: To answer the above reasoning a case study has been realized at a Swedish company within the sector of horse-breeding. The stud farm Flyinge AB was chosen and five different interviews were conducted. An additional interview was conducted at Hästak AB with the purpose to get a better understanding of the horse-breeding industry. Result: Change can be seen as a complex process with many different factors that affect the outcome. A dynamic capability is a process of change and it can be either episodic or continuous. The ideal form of change is continuous since it has a low level of internal inertia. The resistance to change can be seen in organizational structure and culture. To eliminate these obstacles the leader has an important role. The leader should identify the problem, come up with a strategy, communicate the new strategy/change, find acceptance for it and finally implement it. In the change process balanced scorecard can be used as an instrument for communications.