The object of interest in this essay is the issue of reducing work hours and how that issue was handled in the Trade Union Confederation (LO). In previous research the struggle for shorter work hours has been viewed as a struggle between trade union and employers’ organizations. The previous research has had difficulties in explaining LOs part in this struggle, their actions have not been the expected. LO had not played an active part in the struggle for shorter work hours and the previous research has not been able to given a satisfying explanation for this. In this essay the starting-point is another. The issue of reducing work hours, this essay argues, was a problem for LO. The problem consists of the need for LO to mark against communism, both inside and outside of the organization. But this essay also argues that the issue of reducing work hours is in it self subversive and therefore a problem for the reformist LO. From this staring-point the essay analyses the view of the issue of reducing work hours in LO during the period of 1945-1967. The conclusion in the essay is that LO disarmed the issue of reducing work hours, making it harmless. By shifts in conceptions of needs, the possible and conceptions of time and development the issue of reducing work hours was disarmed. The disarmed issue enabled LO to unite the organization in the delicate matter without the risk of pursuing a subversive issue.

In order to better understand the specific mechanisms that may hinder high educational achievement among Latino students, this study explored the impact of parental working hours on parental involvement and school outcomes across three generations of Mexican-American youth. Results from a longitudinal data set revealed that constrained parental availability, related to increased working hours, had an impact on the amount of parental involvement for third generation students, but not on their academic outcomes. For first-generation students, parental monitoring (a form of parental involvement) was a significant positive predictor for grade 8 and 10 reading scores as well as high school completion among second-generation students. Results from this study suggest that increased parental monitoring may be beneficial for higher academic outcomes for first and second generation students. Future research will need to investigate what types of parental involvement may influence third generation students.

In order to better understand the specific mechanisms that may hinder high educational achievement among Latino students, this study explored the impact of parental working hours on parental involvement and school outcomes across three generations of Mexican-American youth. Results from a longitudinal data set revealed that constrained parental availability, related to increased working hours, had an impact on the amount of parental involvement for third generation students, but not on their academic outcomes. For first-generation students, parental monitoring (a form of parental involvement) was a significant positive predictor for grade 8 and 10 reading scores as well as high school completion among second-generation students. Results from this study suggest that increased parental monitoring may be beneficial for higher academic outcomes for first and second generation students. Future research will need to investigate what types of parental involvement may influence third generation students.

This study investigates the trends and varieties of concentration of ozone in recent years in Taiwan in order to understand the situation of air qualities in different areas. Ozone is the secondary pollutant produced by nitrogen oxides, reactive hydrocarbons and sunlight. Because ozone has strong oxidizing power, it is easy to stimulate the respiratory system, which may cause cough, asthma, headache, tiredness and harmful to lung; and it is also harmful to plants and even synthetic materials. Here, we tried to study the trends and varieties of the time effect to the ozone level in each region and compare the similarities and heterogeneity of the models in different regions by the ozone data obtained from all air quality monitoring stations of environmental protection administration. Analysis of building appropriate temporal and spatial models are performed and factor analysis on the model residuals are used to investigate the possible latent variables to interpret the patterns of the ozone values in different regions. These may help to set up strategies for ozone control in the future.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in the inadequate labor force sector of Taiwan before and after the coming Knowledge-Based Economic Time, which is considered as important to this study. The inadequate labor force sector mentioned above consists of inadequate working hours, low paid and mismatches between educational attainment and occupation. The raw data been used was from Manpower Surveys and Manpower Utilization Surveys Taiwan area, Republic of China by Census Bureau in both year 1991 and 2003. The study reveals the following findings. 1.In the inadequate working hours portion Workers who are male, age 35 to 44, married or cohabited, highest educational attainment is primary school or below, private-sector employed, working in north area of Taiwan and taking the roles as agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry & fishing and craft & related trades workers are significantly easier to fall into the inadequate working hours sector. 2. In the low paid portion Workers who are male, married or cohabited, highest educational attainment is primary school or below, own-account workers, workplace is located in middle area of Taiwan, agricultural, animal husbandry, forestry & fishing workers are significantly easier to fall into the low paid sector. 3. In the portion of mismatches between educational attainment and occupation Workers who are male, age 25 to 34, married or cohabited, highest educational attainment is senior high school & vocational school or above, private-sector employed and working in north area of Taiwan are significantly easier to fall into this sector. Especially, workers who take the roles as prod., machine operators and related workers, plant & machine operators & assemblers , and manufacturing share a large proportion. According to the conclusions above, this study provides typical suggestions for government polices toward utilization of labor force. The given comments will be helpful to the relative researchers in the further.

In this study, the effects of opening trading mechanism and information flow on return volatility are examined in the Istanbul Stock Exchange. The change in the morning opening mechanism from a continuous auction to a call auction on February 2, 2007 and the extension in afternoon trading hours on September 7, 2007 provide unique opportunities in this respect. First, it is found that the call auction trading mechanism has a decreasing effect on the morning open-to-open interday volatility and morning intraday volatility for low-volume stocks but it does not have an obvious effect on the same type of volatilities for high volume stocks. Second, the study provides evidence that the increased information flow towards the end of the trading day increases the afternoon close-to-close interday volatility for high volume stocks while it does not have such an effect on low-volume stocks. Third, the overnight return volatility is decreased slightly with the extension of trading hours.

This research is to explore the decision-making process of new policy of working hours and its influence on the industrial relations network? This study uses the texts of political discourse that legislators interrogated with government officials in Taiwan Legislative Yuan. This text is focused on Article 30 of the Labor Standards Act. The main research methods of this study include quantitative study, and qualitative analysis. The process of policy making is constructed from industrial of ideology, policy of interest, and the opinion about industrial relations. The main results of the study are as follows: 1.) On the industrial relations network, the new working hours policy has main influence on the labors than on the employers. 2.) On the content of political discourse: the labors concern for the right and equality, with as the employers concern for economical perspective. 3.) Labors and employers have different strategies to respond the change of working hours policy.

Seit 2003 öffnet die SLUB während der Prüfungszeiten für ihre Leser auch an Sonntagen ihre Türen. Initiiert und finanziert von der Studentenstiftung Dresden, unterstützten sehr bald der Förderverein der Fakultät Wirtschaftswissenschaften und weitere Spender diese Initiative.

Unter diesem Motto wurde am 23. Oktober 2009 die Campus-Bibliothek der Universität Leipzig als 24-Stunden-Bibliothek am Augustusplatz feierlich eröffnet. Nach vierjähriger Bauzeit und noch längerer Planung hatte die Bibliothek am 28. September ihren Betrieb aufgenommen. Sie bietet auf 5.000 m2 Platz für 500.000 Bände, vorerst sind wir mit knapp 300.000 Bänden eingezogen. Die Campus-Bibliothek ist Teil des neu rekonstruierten Hörsaalgebäudes und bildet einen wichtigen Meilenstein bei der Errichtung des neuen Universitätscampus im Herzen von Leipzig.

The Hours of Edith G. Rosenwald (c.1340–80) is a small book of hours in the Rosenwald Collection at the Library of Congress. Despite unique iconography and luxurious illuminations, this manuscript has so far received little scholarly attention. This thesis analyzes the size and iconography of the Rosenwald Hours to suggest that it was designed for a specific owner and function. No surviving documentation gives evidence of ownership, yet the standard program of miniatures was changed to suit a specific audience. The manuscript’s iconographic program and stylistic treatment are here considered in the context of contemporary books made for women, particularly women of the royal court in Paris, to suggest a likely audience. One of only a few extant miniature books of hours, the Rosenwald Hours is a valuable tool for looking at the place of small manuscripts in medieval society. This thesis examines the physical size, the iconography, and the inclusion of saint portraits as indicators of a function beyond the standard devotional use. A case is made for the manuscript’s connection to pilgrimage and to protective amulets. Combined with the assessment of its iconography, this study suggests an owner and intended use for miniature books of hours that provides a new way to look at these manuscripts, from obscure Flemish examples to the famous Hours of Jeanne d’Evreux. / text