In the twentieth century, the target market for household technologies was identified and labeled "Mrs. Consumer," and the lifestyle, values, and ideals attributed to her guided household technology marketing throughout the century. Bonnie Fox conducted an investigation into household technology marketing techniques, using advertisements in Ladies Home Journal (LHJ) as her source material. I argue here that, because of the homogenous, mostly-white readership of LHJ, Fox's use of only LHJ advertisements limited some of the conclusions she could draw about Mrs. Consumer's lifestyle, values, and ideals. This thesis studies household technology advertisements in Ebony magazine and current literature about the black American experience to identify the impact of including race in the evaluation of household technology advertising in twentieth century America. In particular, this thesis addresses Mrs. Consumer's extensibility across race; Ebony's household technology advertisements' treatment of segregation, integration, assimilation, and racial pride; and those advertisements' handling of the public opinion that the twentieth century American black family structure was "pathological." This research identifies similarities and differences between the advertisement practices in Ebony and LHJ in those areas of interest, concluding that the black American housewife's home experience was more likely to be divergent from Mrs. Consumer's attributed reality and that Ebony's advertisers tended toward the aspirational when modeling and scripting household technology advertisements. / Master of Science

Mediterranean islands are vulnerable to environmental and societal challenges. Weather conditions, scarcity of natural resources, loss of biodiversity, unmanaged waste, access to healthcare and education, economic inflation, and tourism growth are some of the threats the island of Ikaria faces nowadays. The study proposes a novel combination of methodologies that combine the identification of the island challenges by using semi-structured interviews and the conceptual framework with the application of Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism (MuSIASEM) to define and quantify the characteristics of households in the socio-economic sector (time use, paidwork, expenses) and ecological terms (land use, energy). The approach is conducted as a fieldwork study on the island of Ikaria, Greece. The study concludes the need to achieve 1) sustainability through an interdisciplinary framework and 2) the use of household categories as a measurement for tackling environmental challenges.

Introduction: In Timor-Leste, anemia affects approximately 21% of reproductive age of women. The established risk factor for anemia is poor nutritional status, but recently solid fuel use in the household has emerged as a possible risk factors. The association between solid fuel and anemia has been studied in children and pregnant women, but there hasn’t been a study conducted to find the association among all reproductive age women from 15-49 years old. Aim: The objective of this study is to determine if use of solid fuels (charcoal, wood, and straw/shrubs/grass) compared to cleaner fuels (electricity, LPG. natural gas, biogas, and kerosene) associated with the increasing of the prevalence of anemia among reproductive age women (15-49 years old) in Timor-Leste. Methods: This study used data from the Timor-Leste Demographic Health Survey (TLDHS) 2009-2010. The data used was based on the individual level within household from 13 districts in Timor-Leste. Bivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess associations between each independent variable (type of fuels, age group, BMI group, residence, wealth index, education level and smoking behavior) and the outcome variable (anemia) and mutlivariable logistic regression model was also performed with significant covariates. Results: The association based on the type of fuels showed that the odds ratio for anemia in women using solid fuels was 1.73 (OR: 95% CI: 1.49 - 2.01) compared to the women using cleaner fuels. After adjustment for other covariates, the odds ratio for anemia in women that use solid fuels was 1.43 (95% CI: 1.29-1.64) compared to women using cleaner fuels. Discussion: Based on our study population, this study found that reproductive age women 15-49 years old in Timor-Leste who used solid fuel as a source of energy for cooking or heating activities in the household were at higher risk for anemia.

published_or_final_version / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Work

Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, 2012 / Research indicates that there is a strong association between household composition and household stability, and child well-being. Black South African family life has historically been affected by the social, political and economic pressures of colonialism, the migrant labour system, and Apartheid policies. It has been shown that Black households have been in a constant state of flux as members move between rural and urban households, as well as, within urban environments. This situation of intense household fluidity and household compositional changes continues to persist. High rates of urbanisation, the fluid job market, and fast social change are all associated with high levels of mobility and household compositional change. Kin networks remain a significant informal safety net for households in order to absorb change. The movement of children between family members, or child fostering is an important mechanism for maintaining networks of support. Children are frequently moved between different households in urban areas so as to maximise their care and education. These changes could potentially influence their overall well-being and, in particular, their academic performance.

A alta complexidade da destinação dos resíduos sólidos nas megacidades, como é o caso do Município de São Paulo advém, não apenas da grande quantidade de resíduos gerados, mas também da sua extensão urbana.Os dois aterros sanitários localizados na periferia da Capital paulista – Bandeirantes e São João – recebem, diariamente, doze mil toneladas de resíduos urbanos, dentre as quais quase nove mil de resíduos domiciliares. Esses aterros ocupam, respectivamente, 140 e 85 hectares e estarão esgotados até o início da próxima década. O mero afastamento dos resíduos, destinação amplamente empregada nos municípios brasileiros, tem se mostrado como uma opção pouco viável nas megacidades, principalmente devido aos problemas urbanos a ele associados. Faz-se mister reduzir, significativamente, o volume de resíduos enviados aos aterros, meta não alcançada somente com o emprego da reciclagem. Através da incineração tem-se a redução necessária, sendo essa tecnologia já utilizada em diversos países.Com objetivo de modificar a atual destinação dos resíduos domiciliares de São Paulo para um sistema de estações redutoras de volume associado ao sistema viário principal, foi elaborada a proposta de implantação de seis incineradores localizados nas imediações de um anel viário metropolitano. Em cada unidade foi previsto um buffer de vegetação com a finalidade de minimizar os ruídos e os particulados no entorno, bem como proteger visualmente a área.A distribuição de unidades de redução de volume de resíduos permitiu a montagem de um sistema mais racional de transporte, com a eliminação das estações de transferência de resíduos e a diminuição das distâncias de transporte.Essa proposta, que respeita o zoneamento e as áreas de proteção ambiental, visa diminuir a dependência de grandes áreas para aterramento dos resíduos, reduzir os problemas resultantes do deslocamento de veículos coletores, ao mesmo tempo em que minimiza os efeitos negativos ao meio ambiente. / The extreme complexity of the solid waste management in mega cities like São Paulo is caused not only by the great amount of waste the city generates, but also by its huge urban area.The two existent sanitary landfills located in the outskirts of the city of São Paulo – namely Bandeirantes and São João – receive twelve thousand metric tons of urban solid waste daily, almost nine thousand metric tons of which are originated by household waste. These sanitary landfills occupy 140 and 85 hectares respectively, and it has been prognosticated that both areas will close before the next decade. The simple waste removal to areas outside the urban perimeter, a waste management concept implemented by most Brazilian cities, has been proved inefficient when mega cities are concerned, mainly due to urban problems associated with it. It is then necessary to reduce significantly the amount of waste sent to the sanitary landfills, a goal that has not been reached by simply recycling the waste. The technology of incineration on the other hand is an alternative that promotes this reduction and has been successfully used in many countries. A proposal has been devised to change the present management of household waste in São Paulo city to a system of reduction stations of the amount of waste linked to the main metropolitan road system. This proposal consists on the implementation of six incinerators placed in the vicinity of the metropolitan ring road. Each unit includes a vegetation buffer that both reduces the noise and particulates in the surroundings, and protects the area from visual pollution. The distribution of waste reduction units allowed the implementation of a more rational system of transportation, resulting in the elimination of the waste transfer stations and the shortening of the transportation distances. This proposal pays heed to the zone division of the city and the areas under environment protection, and aims at reducing the destination of large areas to the burying of waste as well as reducing the problems caused by the flow of the collecting vehicles, at the same time that it lessens the negative effects on the environment.

by Chung Chi Wai, Bobby and Tse Wing Man, Raymond. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1988. / Includes bibliographical references.

by Cheung Ka Mei, Vanessa, Chung Yuk King, Mecky. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1989. / Bibliography: leaf 47.

So Yuen-man. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-184). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract (English) --- p.i / Abstract (Chinese) --- p.ii / Acknowledgement --- p.iii i / Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1. --- Orientation --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- Literature Review --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Domestic work and Migration in the New Economy --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- The increased demand for migrant domestic workers --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- The migration of domestic workers --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- The labor migration of Indonesian domestic workers in Hong Kong --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2 --- The labor migration of Indonesian domestic workers in Hong Kong --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- The Subordinate status of migrant domestic workers --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- The Resistance and Negotiation of migrant domestic workers --- p.18 / Chapter 3. --- Thesis Outline --- p.20 / Chapter 4. --- Methodology --- p.23 / Chapter 4.1 --- Getting general information --- p.23 / Chapter 4.2 --- Interviews --- p.23 / Chapter 4.3 --- Observation --- p.25 / Chapter 4.4 --- Ethical Issues --- p.25 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- The Demand for Domestic Workers in Hong Kong --- p.26 / Chapter 1. --- The increasing need for domestic workers --- p.27 / Chapter 1.1 --- Increased participation of women in the workforce --- p.27 / Chapter 1.2 --- A strategy to negotiate on conventional family relationships --- p.30 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- To protect the nuclear family from extended family's intervention --- p.30 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- To fulfill the conventional filial responsibilities of caring for elderly parents --- p.35 / Chapter 2. --- The changing domestic labor market in Hong Kong --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1 --- The position of Indonesian workers in the domestic labor market --- p.40 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- The formation of racial stereotypes of foreign domestic workers --- p.43 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- Labor Migration in Indonesia --- p.50 / Chapter 1. --- The economic incentives to migrate abroad --- p.51 / Chapter 1.1 --- Economic development and the labor market in Indonesia --- p.52 / Chapter 2. --- The feminization of migrant workers --- p.54 / Chapter 2.1 --- Migration as a household strategy to cope with family crises --- p.56 / Chapter 2.2 --- Migration as a tool to negotiate change in traditional views on marriage --- p.60 / Chapter 2.3 --- Migration as a strategy to enjoy independence --- p.64 / Chapter 3. --- Chapter summery --- p.66 / Chapter Chapter Four: --- Employment Process --- p.69 / Chapter 1. --- The administrative structure of migration --- p.69 / Chapter 2. --- The role of employment agency in Indonesia --- p.72 / Chapter 2.1 --- Live-in training camp in Indonesia --- p.73 / Chapter 2.2 --- Personal negotiation in the training camp: developing a network of assistance --- p.77 / Chapter 3. --- The role of job placement agency in Hong Kong --- p.81 / Chapter 3.1 --- Personal negotiations with the employment agent: getting their own passports --- p.83 / Chapter 4. --- Chapter summery --- p.88 / Chapter Chapter Five: --- On the Job - Neither Resistance Nor Domination --- p.91 / Chapter 1 . --- Domestic work in Hong Kong --- p.95 / Chapter 1.1 --- Working time and working space --- p.95 / Chapter 1.2 --- Social isolation --- p.99 / Chapter 1.3 --- Cultural adjustments --- p.103 / Chapter 1.4 --- The emotional aspects of deference --- p.109 / Chapter 2. --- Personal negotiation at work --- p.113 / Chapter 2.1 --- Playing with emotional displays --- p.115 / Chapter 2.2 --- Manipulative emotional bonding --- p.123 / Chapter 2.3 --- Developing local support networks --- p.130 / Chapter 3. --- Chapter summery --- p.132 / Chapter Chapter Six: --- Common Gathering Places --- p.134 / Chapter 1. --- The feeling of subordination in Hong Kong --- p.134 / Chapter 2. --- Formal support: NGOs and shelters --- p.137 / Chapter 2.1 --- Union leader --- p.138 / Chapter 2.2 --- Labor cases --- p.140 / Chapter 2.3 --- Demonstration --- p.143 / Chapter 2.4 --- General members --- p.145 / Chapter 3. --- Informal support: Victoria Park and other gathering places --- p.148 / Chapter 3.1 --- Solidarity among Indonesian workers in the gathering places --- p.151 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Gaining informal support to adapt to the public environment of Hong Kong --- p.152 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Gaining support to improve working conditions --- p.154 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Gaining strength to interact with the general public --- p.155 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Self-monitoring behavior in the gathering places --- p.157 / Chapter 4. --- Suspicion and alienation in the gathering places --- p.158 / Chapter 5. --- Gathering places as a platform for redefining identity --- p.163 / Chapter 6. --- Chapter summery --- p.166 / Chapter Chapter Seven: --- Conclusion --- p.168 / Chapter 1. --- Domestic work and migration in the new economy --- p.168 / Chapter 2. --- The migration experiences of Indonesian domestic workers in Hong Kong --- p.170 / Chapter 3. --- Self-reflection --- p.174 / Appendix --- p.178 / Chapter 1. --- Details of informants (Domestic workers) --- p.178 / Chapter 2. --- Details of informants (Employers) --- p.179 / Bibliography --- p.180

by Hung Sze Man, Joan and Man Ngar Wing. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-72). / Questionnaire also in Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.viii / Chapter / Chapter I --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II --- INDUSTRY ANALYSIS --- p.3 / Distribution System --- p.3 / Macro Environment --- p.5 / Company Profile --- p.8 / Chapter III --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.11 / Chapter IV --- METHODOLOGY --- p.14 / Questionnaire --- p.14 / Interviews --- p.17 / Shop Visits --- p.17 / In-Store Participation --- p.18 / Chapter V --- EMPERICAL RESULTS --- p.19 / Factors Affecting Consumers' Choice of Stores --- p.19 / Customer Segmentation --- p.27 / Chapter VI --- INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS --- p.30 / Factors Affecting Choice of Store --- p.30 / Customer Segmentation --- p.32 / Factor Importance for Each Clusters --- p.34 / Store Positioning --- p.36 / Competitive Structure of the Market --- p.41 / Chapter VII --- PROBLEMS & ADVANTAGES OF DUAL DISTRIBUTION / Problems of Dual Distribution --- p.43 / Advantages of Dual Distribution --- p.45 / Chapter VIII --- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATOINS --- p.49 / Service-Oriented Strategy --- p.50 / Product --- p.52 / APPENDIX --- p.53 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.70